The Anshi Rebellion – From Prosperity to Disaster
Speaking of the Tang Dynasty, it was a typical representative of the absolutely prosperous ancient Chinese feudal dynasty, the Tang King Khan was a well-known name in the Middle East, West Asia and other places at that time, and almost all the civilized countries knew that in the far east, there was a great brilliant civilization, it was called "Tang".
But no matter how glorious the era, due to the inevitable fate of the feudal dynasty, there will always be a cycle of ups and downs, and our Tang Dynasty is no exception. And what marks the decline of our Tang Dynasty from the prosperous Tang Dynasty to the late Tang Dynasty, it must be this Anshi chaos.
Anshi Rebellion? It seems that everyone has heard that the great beauty Yang Guifei's soul is dead ma Songpo, and An Lushan rebelled against the Tang Dynasty! But it's not easy to make it clear. Simply put, it's --
In 755, An Lushan and Shi Siming, two weasels, took a rebellious road from Beijing to Shaanxi under the banner of purging Yang Guozhong. The two men fought all the way from Beijing to Shaanxi, frightening Li Longji, the emperor of the Tang Dynasty at the time, for a time.
In the end, we Li Longji, did not say that we had broken his wife's life, and inexplicably became the Emperor Taishang. The front foot ran out of Chang'an City, and the back foot was usurped by the third son Li Heng.
This Li Heng is also a cruel person, if not to mention that people can be emperors. When his father was in distress, he did not go to the rescue, and had to wait until his father, that is, When Emperor Tang Ming was isolated and helpless, he sent the famous generals Guo Ziyi and Li Guangbi to quell the war.
This rebellion caused by An Lushan and Shi Si happened to be during the "Tianbao" period, and later generations also commented on it as the "Tianbao Rebellion." "
After listening to such a long list, I think you have already had a general impression of this Anshi chaos, and without further ado, let's nag about this real Anshi chaos now!
It is said that during the Tianbao years of the Tang Dynasty, that is, during the reign of Tang Xuanzong, from 742 onwards, he worked diligently and his achievements were still passable.
As the juntian system designed by the predecessors gradually became obsolete and disintegrated, the prefectural military system that maintained the country's military power could not be maintained any longer, and was replaced by a conscription system that focused more on local forces and made it easier to make the localities stronger.
In order to control the political power and defend against foreign nationalities, tang xuanzong set up a lot of jiedushi envoys on the border who concentrated all kinds of power, and jiedushi made this official, who held the local military power, political power, and financial power.
If you think about it, with money, it's nothing, but this money has the right to add a master who doesn't care. But don't be arrogant, it just so happens that An Lushan, who rebelled later, is still such an official!
The beginning of the Anshi rebellion was inseparable from a legendary woman- that is, Yang Guifei.
When Tang Xuanzong was satisfied with the wengong and martial rule of the Kaiyuan dynasty, and gradually indulged in the pleasures of sound and color, ignored the government and politics, and was far from a villain, he did not have the great talent of his grandfather Li Zhi, let alone his grandmother's chastity. But you can't go farther and farther down the road of the Dark Lord.
Coupled with our grandfather, we do not learn the lessons of our grandfather, spoil Yang Guifei not to say, but also reuse her brother Yang Guozhong. This Yang Guozhong is not a fuel-saving lamp, a commodity for fighting for gas.
When he became the prime minister, he was still like when he was young, and even if he was debauched, he would still cause chaos in the government! It's the worst brother-in-law in history!
In the blink of an eye, the timeline reached 755 AD, and An Lushan's brother had a bad heart, and he united with his general Shi Siming to lead a 150,000-strong cavalry against the Tang in the name of revenge against the traitor Yang Guozhong.
At that time, the imperial court was already corrupt and could no longer be corrupt, the treasury was empty, and the national defense work was also called a no-good ah, which gave the rebels the opportunity to advance all the way to Chang'an.
As for tang Xuanzong, the fire burned to the eyebrows, in addition to killing the guards Feng Changqing and Gao Xianzhi, he also sent the sick general Ge Shuhan to march into Tongguan. The emperor-level big move did not let go, and could only be manipulated by An Lushan.
That's it! In the first month of 756, this lawless rebel An Lushan proclaimed himself emperor in Luoyang, called emperor of what great Yan, and continued to let his general Shi Siming attack Hebei.
No, after the fall of Luoyang, the people of the whole country also became emotional and swore to curry favor with Tang Thieves; the two people's congress deputies from Zhengding in Hebei and Lingxian County in Shandong Province, Yan Gaoqing and Yan Zhenqing, friends who are familiar with calligraphy must know that these are all famous calligraphers, and according to today's words, they are also a wave of ambition.
With the call of the two Yan masters, the people of Hebei also organized resistance to the enemy and defended themselves, and finally the situation of rebellion across the country was very good. In the end, Guo Ziyi and Li Guangbi were able to win a great victory, put up the Tang Dynasty banner, and cut off the communication between the rebels before and after the army, which was not enough, and An Lushan's army was shaken, and once wanted to abandon Luoyang and flee back to Fanyang's lair.
Wouldn't it be beautiful if the battle situation went on like this?
But we can't ignore one of the biggest churning sticks in this Anshi chaos - Yang Guozhong. When Yang Guozhong had great potential for the Tang army to quell the rebellion,—— he instigated the emperor to force Ge Shuhan to send troops to Luoyang to fight the rebels.
At that time, in the early summer of 756 AD, a generation of loyal generals Ge Shuhan was forced to send troops when he was seriously ill, and then defeated and captured, which eventually led to the loss of Tongguan and the rebels directly attacked Chang'an.
What a vivid example, the traitor who misled the country!
Then came the sad plot of the famous "Long Hate Song", Tang Xuanzong fled to Sichuan with Yang Guifei and his entourage, and traveled to Ma Songpo, where the generals mutinied, killed Yang Guozhong, and forced Tang Xuanzong to send people to hang Yang Guifei. This place of Ma Songpo has also been stained with a strong mark on the historical stage.
But the national chaos is not over.
In July of the same year, the crown prince Li Su took advantage of his father's absence and quickly proclaimed himself emperor, known as Tang Suzong.
On the side of the rebels, An Lushan led his army into Chang'an, indiscriminately killed officials who were hostile to him, and wantonly plundered the people's property, then he bullied the women of the good family and did no evil.
But as the saying goes, where there is oppression, there is resistance! The people of Chang'an each picked up their guys to get back what belonged to them, which also allowed the Tang army to reorganize its armaments, mobilize its army, and fight with this rebel army again!
When Guo Ziyi and Li Guangbi led 50,000 miscellaneous soldiers composed of militia and officers and soldiers from Hebei to Lingwu after the fall of Chang'an, the festivals of Gansu, Xinjiang, and Chen Zi in the northwest also gathered their armies to resist the rebels.
So, fifty-six nationalities, fifty-six flowers, fifty-six brothers and sisters are one family.
On the Tang Dynasty side, dongshan seemed to have resurgent, and there was a serious division within the An Lushan clique, first of all, in 757 AD, during the New Year's Eve, An Lushan's son An Qingxu killed his father, that is, the emperor, which provoked a violent shock within the An Shi clique.
Then in September of the same year, the Tang army, led by Guo Ziyi and King Guangping, 150,000 troops conquered Chang'an and recaptured Luoyang, leaving An Qingxu stranded and fleeing to a place called Anyang City in Henan Province.
At this juncture, Shi Siming was unconvinced, he did not want to be subject to An Qingxu, and led 13 local governors and 80,000 troops to surrender to the Tang Dynasty.
Is there a beautiful vision of another village?
Not really! This Anshi Group is much more cunning than you think.
The imperial court made the general Shi Siming the King of Guiyi, and appointed Fan Yang as the envoy, and after taking office, he was not at ease with people, and planned to eliminate him, didn't this leak the news, Shi Siming thought to himself: Big brother eh, you can't be so yin me, yes, horizontal and vertical are not a good life, why don't I do it again? So he raised the flag of rebellion again, echoing the anxious An Qingxu, and smashed the bright war situation that was about to end into a paste.
In September 758, the Tang Dynasty sent Guo Ziyi and Li Guangbi, two anti-good brothers, to coordinate with a total of nine Jiedu envoys and more than 200,000 soldiers and horses to attack An Qingxu.
However, the unified command of this army was not in the hands of Guo and Li, but was ruled by the eunuch Yu Zhao'en, and finally under the joint confrontation of An Qingxu and Shi Siming, the Tang army was defeated.
7 months later, Shi Siming killed An Qingxu, and he called himself Emperor of Great Yan in Fanyang, what kind of inexplicable feelings did this An Shi and Shi family have for Great Yan?
Without saying much, in the blink of an eye, Shi Siming captured Luoyang again and confronted the Tang army on the long line. Soon after, Shi Siming was killed by his eldest son Shi Chaoyi, and the rebel army split within.
This father-killing plot within the Anshi Group is quite serious.
This time, the end of the Anshi Rebellion is just around the corner. Three years and six months after Shi Siming killed An Qingxu, The Second General Guo Li returned to Shi Chaoyi's side with a mighty army, and in coordination with this Hui army, the final killing of Shi Chaoyi was defeated and fled to today's Renqiu in Hebei, and Luoyang was recaptured.
But no one expected that Shi Chaoyi, who was defeated, died of anger because of a battle, and sure enough, the number of Qi in the Tang Dynasty was not exhausted. So the Anshi Rebellion, which lasted for 7 years and 2 months, ended.
The anshi chaos is a typical conflict promoted by the intertwining of contradictions in the history of the Tang Dynasty for more than three hundred years, including the contradictions between the ruling class and the people, the contradictions between the nations, the contradictions between the rulers, and the contradictions between the central and local separatist forces.
The people's life is really uncomfortable, thinking about how many people have died in the chaos of soldiers and horses for seven consecutive years, such a chaotic world is really disturbing. The people of the whole Datang Dynasty did not die, their hearts were also smoothed out, and the economy could not be restored, so Datang completely declined because of a turmoil.