【Text/Science and Engineering Strength Lancet】
On January 19, according to Xinhua News Agency, PetroChina Tarim Oil & Gas Field Company overcame the problem of underground ultra-deep exploration, and asia's deepest onshore oil well, The Rotary Exploration 1 Well, obtained industrial oil and gas flow, producing 133.46 cubic meters of crude oil and 48,700 cubic meters of natural gas per day.
The Rotary Exploration 1 well is located in Kuqa City, Xinjiang, with a depth of 8882 meters, which is currently the first deep oil well onshore in Asia. At present, 39% of China's land surplus oil and 57% of surplus natural gas are distributed in the deep layers. The depth of oil and gas reservoirs in the Tarim Basin is generally 6,000 to 10,000 meters, and the ultra-deep oil and gas resources in the Tarim Basin account for more than 60% of the total onshore ultra-deep oil and gas resources in China.
The report pointed out that "the rotary exploration 1 well obtained industrial oil and gas flow", indicating that the oil well already has important commercial value. The professional interpretation of industrial oil and gas flow standards is more complicated, in simple terms, it refers to the minimum daily oil and gas production standards of a single well (oil and gas) that has actual development value and can recover costs at this stage, and is an important economic indicator of whether an oil and gas well has mining value.
Tarim Oilfield is one of the important oilfields on land in China, and also one of the main gas source areas for west-to-east gas transmission, and currently undertakes the task of supplying gas to more than 120 large and medium-sized cities in East china and North China with a population of about 400 million people and more than 3,000 enterprises. In 2019, among the top ten oilfields in terms of domestic production, Tarim Oilfield was the third largest oilfield onshore.
2019 domestic oil and gas field production ranking Chart: science and engineering strength
Expand oil and gas resources to overcome the problem of exploration of ultra-deep oil and gas reservoirs
Internationally, the buried depth of more than 4500 meters is usually positioned as a deep, and the expansion of deep oil and gas resources is of great significance to China's energy security. It is becoming increasingly difficult to find large oil and gas reservoirs in the middle and shallow layers, and the world's oil and gas exploration has a tendency to march to deep and ultra-deep. However, the ultra-deep geological conditions are even harsher, and many technical difficulties need to be overcome in drilling and oil production.
Relevant data show that fewer oil and gas reservoirs have been found worldwide at depths of more than 8,000 meters. There are 9 wells with a depth of more than 9,000 meters in the world, the deepest of which is the Kola 3 well completed in Russia in 1994, with a depth of 12,869 meters.
Kola 3 wells
In the traditional geological theory understanding, 8000 meters of ultra-deep exploration is a "dead line", this time tarim oil and gas field opened a new field of exploration, confirmed that the 8000 meters of ultra-deep oil and gas fields have the petroleum geological conditions to form large oil and gas fields.
Yang Xuewen, general manager of Tarim Oilfield Company, introduced that the 8,000-meter ultra-deep Cambrian sub-salt exploration in the Tarim Basin has a wide range and great potential, with a favorable exploration area of 23,000 square kilometers in China's petroleum mining area, an estimated resource size of 310 million tons of oil, 3.3 trillion cubic meters of natural gas, and an oil and gas equivalent of about 3 billion tons.
The deep oil and gas exploration of Tarim Oilfield has achieved remarkable results
In October last year, PetroChina Tarim Oilfield Company successfully tested the Bozi 9 well, obtained a high-yield industrial oil and gas flow, with a daily output of 418,200 cubic meters of natural gas and 115.15 cubic meters of condensate, becoming another 100-billion-square-level atmospheric field discovered in the southern Tianshan Mountains in Tarim Oilfield within one year.
Previously, on December 12, 2018, the Mid-Autumn 1 well located in the middle of the Qiulitag structural belt of the Kuqa Depression in Xinjiang was successfully tested and obtained a high-yield industrial airflow.
The Bozi 99 well, a pre-exploration well in the Crasu Tectonic Belt of the Kuche Depression in the Tarim Basin, was drilled in October 2017 and completed in March this year, making it an ultra-deep well with a depth of 7,880 meters.
More than 80% of the proven reserves of deep condensate oil and gas in China are concentrated in the Tarim Basin. At present, Tarim Oilfield has successfully developed 14 ultra-deep and ultra-high pressure complex condensate gas fields such as Yaha, Dina 2 and Tazhong No. 1, forming an annual production capacity of more than 2 million tons of condensate and 10 billion cubic meters of natural gas.
Get rid of the dilemma of declining crude oil production and ensure energy security
In recent years, in order to ensure energy security, the state has increased the exploration and development of oil and gas reservoirs in many areas such as the Tarim Basin, so as to get rid of the dilemma of declining crude oil production and reduce the dependence of oil and crude oil on foreign countries.
On January 13, the "2019 Domestic and Foreign Oil and Gas Industry Development Report" released by the China Petroleum Economic and Technical Research Institute pointed out that in 2019, China's crude oil production reversed the downward momentum for three consecutive years, reaching 191 million tons, an increase of 1.1% year-on-year.
Since domestic crude oil production fell below 200 million tons in 2016, China's crude oil production has shown a downward trend for three consecutive years. In 2016 and 2017, domestic crude oil production was 199 million tons and 191 million tons, respectively, down 7.4% and 4.1% year-on-year, respectively.
In 2018, China's crude oil production was 190 million tons, down 1.3% year-on-year, and the foreign dependence of crude oil exceeded 70% for the first time, rising to 70.9%. In 2019, China's oil and gas consumption continued to rise, and the external dependence of oil and crude oil was above 70%.
China's oil and gas production achieved good growth in 2019, which is closely related to the "three barrels of oil" to increase oil and gas exploration and development.
In the second half of 2018, China made relevant arrangements for the decline in domestic crude oil production, requiring oil companies to increase domestic oil and gas exploration and development efforts to ensure high-quality supply of oil and gas. The National Energy Administration has formulated a "seven-year action plan" for the oil and gas industry to "increase reserves and production", and organized a work promotion meeting to vigorously enhance oil and gas exploration and development.
In recent years, the capital expenditure of "three barrels of oil" exploration and development has increased
In March 2019, Wang Yilin, then chairman of PetroChina, said that according to the completed "2019-2025 Domestic Exploration and Production Acceleration Development Plan", PetroChina will further increase investment in risk exploration, and arrange 5 billion yuan per year in 2019-2025, which is 5 times the investment amount in 2017.
According to the "2019 Domestic and Foreign Oil and Gas Industry Development Report", it is predicted that in the future, with the implementation of the "Seven-Year Action Plan" of "Three Barrels of Oil" on increasing domestic oil and gas exploration and development, oil and gas production will continue to rise. It is estimated that in 2020, domestic oil and gas production is expected to reach 194 million tons and 190 billion cubic meters respectively. In 2020, the growth momentum of China's oil demand, oil and crude oil dependence on foreign countries may slow down.
Encourage competition to obtain investment Foreign enterprises have begun to get involved in domestic upstream exploration business
In 2019, foreign companies continued to expand their oil business in China. In January 2019, Shell China officially announced that its Shell (Zhejiang) Petroleum Trading Co., Ltd. has been awarded the qualification of wholesale operation of refined oil products by the Ministry of Commerce of the People's Republic of China.
Pictured from the official website of thecircular
On September 5, 2019, Saudi Aramco signed a Memorandum of Understanding with the Zhejiang Free Trade Zone to further advance Saudi Aramco's planned acquisition of a 9% stake in the Zhejiang Petrochemical Refining and Chemical Integration Project.
Industry experts pointed out that China's upstream exploration and development is mainly facing the problem of difficulty in building production capacity, on the one hand, due to insufficient capital investment, on the other hand, due to the complexity of geological conditions, exploration and exploitation are facing both technical and environmental difficulties. The increase in upstream players will promote competition while also bringing new technologies, new ideas and new funds to upstream oil and gas exploration.
For the upstream exploration and development field that has long been monopolized by "three barrels of oil" and extended oil, it will usher in a policy breakthrough in 2019. The Special Administrative Measures for Foreign Investment Access (Negative List) (2019 Edition) issued by the National Development and Reform Commission and the Ministry of Commerce on 30 June 2019 abolished the restrictions on oil and gas exploration and development limited to joint ventures and cooperation. This is the first time that China has fully opened up the oil and gas upstream sector to foreign investment.
Looking at the success of the U.S. shale gas revolution, this is closely related to Wall Street's investment at any cost. Introducing foreign investment into upstream exploration operations to promote competition can help solve the problem of insufficient technology and investment. As for the problem that some people are worried that oil and gas resources will be controlled by foreign capital, in fact, foreign capital can only earn profits from exploitation through pipelines and sellers, and energy is still supplied to the country, which increases the energy supply. Moreover, the exploration and exploitation system led by large state-owned oil and gas companies and with the participation of various economic sectors is also the direction of reform encouraged by the state.
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