Mysterious fruit cultivation techniques
The scientific name is Synsepalum dulcificum (Sch.)Daniell. 【Family】 The mysterious fruit genus Of the family Laminae is an evergreen broad-leaved shrub. 【Distribution】The mysterious fruit is native to tropical West Africa. It is cultivated in Hainan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan, Fujian and other places in China. 【Habit】Prefers slightly acidic or neutral soils, and grows best in well-drained sandy loam soils. China's tropical and South Asian tropical low-altitude areas are suitable for planting. Its plants prefer high temperature, high humidity climate environment. Has a certain degree of drought tolerance, hardiness, in the winter 3--5 degrees Celsius, young branches and leaf glow produce cold damage, but not fatal, 8--10 degrees Celsius can safely overwinter. The mysterious fruit loves light, and the seedling stage can receive direct sunlight. However, those that are slightly shaded can also flower and bear fruit normally.
Because the fruit of the mysterious fruit has a strange property, that is, the pulp contains the mysterious fruit (miyaclin), it is a flavor protease, which can catalyze the conversion of citric acid and malic acid into fruit blocking. Thus it can change people's taste and taste, so it can be used as a flavoring agent for some foods.
[Biological characteristics of mysterious fruit] Mysterious fruit Yao perennial evergreen tree or small tree, stems, branches of ash unveiled. The branching area is low, and the number of branches is more pronounced. It has been observed that the height of the 38-year-old trees in our garden is only 2.5-4.0 m. Crown width 3.0-- 4. 0 x 3 .45 to 4.30 m, light red when the new shoots are withdrawn, and the young branches are reddish brown. , the leaf branches are puffy. Each cage has 5 to 7 leaves, the leaves are alternate, pipa-shaped or inverted ovate, leathery. Light green. Length 3.8 a 7.6cm, width 2.7 a 3. O cm, petiole short. It is about 0.5 cm in size and has pinnate veins. Flower Small, 0. 3 a. 0.5 cm, white, solitary or clustered between the axillary leaves of the fruit branches, petals 5 . The jaws of the flowers are 5 and can be flowered and bear fruit on anniversaries in the Xishuangbanna area, but the main flowering period is concentrated in mid-to-late March. The fruit ripens from late April to early May. The fruit is bought as a single fruit. Elliptical. Length 1.0a 1.5cm. Width 0.6 to 1.0cm. The average fruit weight is about 1 g. When the fruit ripens. The peel is bright red, smooth and thin, and the flesh is white. thin. Low rate of foodability. Slightly sweeter taste and less juice. Each fruit has a seed, brown, flat oval. There are shallow grooves.
[Garden establishment] Select deep soil, loose and fertile soil, sufficient water source, well-drained loam soil, rich in organic matter, pH value 4.5-5.8 acidic sandy soil. The plant spacing is 1m×1m dense planting cultivation, the colonization hole specifications are 0.8m×0.6m×0.4m, and each hole is filled with rotten farm manure 10-25kg and calcium, magnesium and phosphorus fertilizer 1kg and the topsoil are fully mixed back to the hole. Select seedlings with robust growth, well-developed roots and no pests and diseases for colonization.
[Water and Soil Management] When colonizing, pour enough root water. Pay attention to keeping the soil moist on sunny days and drain water on rainy days. As the seedlings grow, pay attention to weed hazards, clear the ditches and tillage in time to weed. [Fertilization] Young trees adopt the method of thin fertilizer and diligent application, and apply 10% 10% decomposition of human feces and urine 15% calcium superphosphate every 10-15 days or water with 4% compound fertilizer water. As the seedlings grow, the fertilizer gradually changes to the dry application method, and when the rainy day turns sunny, each plant is applied with compound fertilizer of 10-15g or 0.25kg of ammonium bicarbonate 0.25kg of calcium supersulfate 0.25kg of deep application of the soil. Usually, 10-25 kg of organic fertilizer is applied to each plant every 1-2 months. Gradually increase the amount of fertilizer as the seedlings grow.
[Plastic pruning] a. Production garden shaping: When the seedlings grow to 15cm, the short trunk grows branches, leaving 3 small branches, leaving 2 branches for each branch, controlling the growth of the long branches, and each branch grows to a certain stage for shortening and cutting. Usually, crossed branches, dense branches and diseased and insect branches are cut off, so that the inside and outside of the canopy are ventilated and transparent, and the branches at all levels are evenly distributed, forming a natural happy-shaped and productive canopy. b. Pot shaping: When the seedlings grow at 5-8CM, the short trunk grows branches, leaving 3-4 small branches, leaving 2 branches per branch, controlling the growth of apostille branches, and each branch grows to a certain stage for shortening and cutting. Usually, crossed branches, dense branches and diseased and insect branches are pruned to make the inside and outside of the canopy ventilated and transparent, forming a round head shape or natural triangle to form a tree shape. 【Propagation】 Can be sown, cuttings and high pressure propagation.
[Sowing and propagation]: Seed propagation picks fresh and ripe fruits. Rub off the pulp with sand before sowing, peel, wash and disinfect. It is not advisable to hide for a long time. About 300 grains/m2, covered with fine sand 2cm, (recommended best sand: soil: coconut bran ratio of 2:1:1) Keep the sand bed moist and germinate for about 15 days. The germination rate can reach more than 100%, and 0.2% urea or potassium dihydrogen phosphate is sprayed once a week after the seedlings emerge. When the seedlings are 6-8 cm tall and the true leaves grow 4-5 pieces, they are transplanted to the nursery for further management, and the seedbed is prepared before sowing, and the substrate is clean and loosely cultivated. Spread or spot sown in the seedbed, cover the soil with 2 cm after sowing, control the temperature of 26--28 degrees Celsius, keep the culture soil moist, and germinate in 60-80 days. When the seedlings have 4-5 true leaves, they can be planted with soil balls into pots or nutrition bags filled with culture soil for culture management. Seedlings grow slowly.
[Propagation of cuttings]; From April to June, cut the semi-lignified or completely lignified branches of the year as cuttings, about 15--20 cm long, retain the upper 1/3 of the leaves of the cuttings, cut 1/2 of each leaf, cut the lower end of the cuttings into an axe-shaped 45-degree slope, and moderately smoke hormone solution (NAA1000 mg per liter is 5000 times) liquid soaked in the cuttings bevel for 3-5 minutes, and inserted them into clean sandy loam soil. The treatment of mysterious fruit cuttings with hormones not only has a promoting effect on rooting, but also has a high rooting rate, early rooting, and early new leaf buds, which is obviously better than direct cuttings. The insertion bed should maintain a suitable relative humidity of more than 80% and 75% shade conditions, about 50-60 days can be rooted, 70% rooting rate. After the new roots are formed, they are transplanted into nutrient bags and maintained in the nursery. Cuttings can end early and can dwarf the tree. Or soak it with 863 rooting powder to promote its rooting. [High pressure propagation]: In April-July, select strong-growing 1-2 annual mature branches for striping treatment, and root can be taken in 60-70 days. The length of the high-pressure ring peeling is 3-4 cm, and the upper and lower knife edges of the ring peeling should be neat, deep into the xylem, peeled, and scraped to form a layer. Due to the hard wood of the mysterious fruit, the aerial strip is difficult to root, and the success rate of reproduction is low. Therefore, at its circumcision, first use 1, the prepared rooting powder (ABT2) 500 mg per liter (that is, 2000 times) or IBA 500 mg per liter evenly sprayed on the cultivation substrate (coconut sugar: humus soil is 2:3), the matrix humidity is kneaded by hand into a ball and not scattered as home; 2, with cotton, the prepared rooting water is rubbed on the ring peeling mouth, the matrix is kneaded into the size of a fist, the matrix is wrapped in plastic film on the ring peel, and the moisture is checked once every 10 days, and when it is dried, it can be injected with water with a syringe. When the new roots grow to yellowish brown, the high-pressure branches can be cut off and the fake plants can be carried out with nutrient bags or flower pots to maintain a certain degree of shade and humidity. Before planting, it is necessary to gradually reduce the degree of concealment of false planting seedlings.
[Preparation and colonization before colonization] Due to the asexual propagation of cuttings and high-pressure seedlings, their taproots are underdeveloped. The tree body and crown width are shorter than the seeds, and the row spacing should be 1.5x2.0m. The row spacing of the seeds is 2x3m, and the colonization hole or colonization trench is dug one month before colonization, the pond cavity is fully sunburned, and the decomposed farm manure and calcium superphosphate are fully mixed with humus or topsoil to return to the hole (trench). To facilitate the normal growth of seedlings.
[Colonization period] It is advisable to choose between November and February or before the rainy season, and the colonized seedlings should be nutrient bag seedlings or pot seedlings with strong annual growth, developed root system and no diseases and insect pests. When colonizing, drizzle with settling water and cover the pond with weeds inside the pit LM. Minimize soil moisture evaporation. Dry season management pays attention to keeping the soil moist and draining during the rainy season, and it can flower and bear fruit after 3 to 4 years. 【Cultivation】 Potted cultivation with fertile, loose pond mud or humus soil. The best time to transplant pots in April-August. The plants after potting should be placed in a shade canopy and watered thoroughly. After 10--15 days, it can be transferred to normal management. In order to keep the leaf color bright, you can properly shade, especially in summer, autumn to prevent direct sunlight, you can use 50% of the shade net to set up a shade shed. In autumn, it is necessary to keep warm and moisturized. Fertilization should be based on the size of the seedlings, the difference in season. It is necessary to apply less thick fertilizer, more thin fertilizer, less nitrogen fertilizer, and more phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. In the fruiting period, extra-root topdressing is carried out as a potted ornament.
The application of adult trees is mainly based on organic fertilizer, and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are combined. Apply compound fertilizer once every time the new shoots grow and the leaves begin to turn green, and spray foliarly with 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate plus 0.2% urea every 10 days.
The resulting tree is sprayed with a mixture of 40% ethylene and 500 times B9 during the growth stage of new shoots, which can inhibit the growth of new shoots, promote the differentiation of drug buds, and benefit multiple fruits (but ethylene and B9 have the effect of thinning flowers and fruits, and cannot be applied to trees that are flowering and fruiting).
Full flowering period: One spray of 0.5% borax can greatly improve the fruit set rate.
At seedling heights of 15--30 cm, start plastic pruning to cultivate into a round canopy. The main insect pests are round shield borer, blowing sponge borer, etc., which are more concentrated in the flowering and fruit stage. Therefore, when the buds are formed, they can be sprayed with 40% oxysoprea or 2% cypermethrin. Diseases are less common.
[Preparation of culture soil]: 70%-80% of the relatively fertile soil (pond mud, humus soil, old garden soil, vegetable garden soil, etc.), 10%-15% coarse sand, 10%-15% carbonized rice husk mixture to make nutrient soil.
[Transplanting pots] April to August is the best time to transplant pots. The size of the pot or nutrient bowl (bag) depends on the size of the flower seedling, and the diameter of the pot mouth of the general seed seedling or cuttings is 12-15 cm. Large seedlings propagated under high pressure can use pot diameters of 15-20 cm. When potting, first cover the drainage hole at the bottom of the pot with tiles, put a layer of small broken bricks or small stones, coarse sand about 3-5cm thick, in order to facilitate drainage, and then fill the pot soil to about two-thirds, and then put the transplanted plants into the center of the pot after the soil is slightly pressed, and then put a layer of coarse pond mud or a layer of moss on the pot soil surface, can not exceed the pot surface, in order to prevent the pot soil from appearing compacted during watering and overflowing the pot when fertilizing. The plants after potting are then placed in a shade shelter and watered thoroughly, to the extent that the bottom of the pot is drained. After 10-15 hours, it will be transferred to normal management.
[Set up shade insulation shed] Mysterious fruit is a light-loving plant, but as a potted plant, in order to maintain the leaf color bright, you can properly shade, especially in summer and autumn to prevent direct sunlight, burn the leaves, you can use 50% shading net to set up a shade shed. Seedlings that have just been transplanted into pots should pay more attention to adequate shade. At the same time, the mysterious fruit likes the high temperature and high humidity climate environment, autumn and winter need to be insulated and moisturized, and plastic film can be used to set up a thermal insulation shed.
[Watering] Spring can be watered once every 3-4 days, summer and autumn are the peak seasons for the growth of mysterious fruits, and watering is required 1-2 times a day to maintain the balance between the transpiration of leaf moisture and the water supply of potting soil. Late autumn and winter growth gradually slow, the temperature drops, can be watered once in 2-3 days, rainy days can be less watering or no watering, rainy season basin water should be drained in time.
[Pest control] Aphids: Nymphs and adults cluster on the young leaves and stems of the new shoots to suck sap, and the young leaves are curled up, hindering growth, and can induce soot disease. Aphids occur in Zhangzhou City for more than 20 generations a year, can be parthenogenetic breeding, spring and autumn two seasons of the occurrence of spouting is more serious. Prevention and control methods: protection and utilization of natural enemies. Predators include a variety of ladybirds, Afrophyllites, Large Grasshoppers, as well as aphid-eating flies and aphid cocoon bees. When there are many natural enemies in the orchard, it is possible to spray without spraying or reducing the number of sprays. Pharmaceutical control. Spray with 10% imidacloprid wettable powder 2000 times liquid, 40% Lego emulsion 800 times liquid, 50% malathion emulsion 1000 times liquid or 10% permethrin 2000 times liquid for spraying. Anthrax: causes symptoms such as leaf spots, brown round spots on the epidermis of the fruit, and fruit rot. Anthrax is caused by fungal infestation. Prevention and control methods: strengthen cultivation management, prune diseased insect branches and leaves, prune diseased fruits, combine with clearing gardens, burn diseased insect branches, and eliminate the source of initial infection. chemical control. It can be controlled by 50% carbendazim wettable powder 600-800 times liquid, 70% methyl tolbuzin 800-1000 times liquid, Dasheng M-451000 times liquid or virulence mold 1500 times liquid and other safer systemic fungicides.
[Flowering period]: Pollination is carried out by ants and other insects. 【Application】 The fruit of the mysterious fruit is sweet and sour, and after eating it, it can be turned sour into sweet, so it is called "mysterious fruit". The mysterious fruit grows slowly, the pruned canopy is rounded, very beautiful, and the ripe fruit is bright red, which is a rookie for leaf viewing and fruit potted plants in the southern region.
The fruit of the mysterious fruit contains the mysterious fruit that can change the "taste buds" of the person, and 50-200mg of the mysterious fruit can be extracted per kilogram, and the general 0.1mg of the mysterious fruit can change the human taste.
[Mysterious Fruit Efficacy], there are indeed many aspects of medicinal value. Practice has proved that long-term scientific application can restore or stabilize the efficacy of diabetes. It has anti-tumor, eliminate sarcoma, hypertension, hypolipidemic lipids, uric acid, laryngitis, digestive tract disease, gastrointestinal disease, diarrhea, dysentery, hepatitis, blindness, qi deficiency, neurasthenia and insomnia, headache, hemorrhoids, skin wet diagnosis, heat prickly heat, eliminate spots, fresh fruit can dissolve alcohol, mosquito bites and so on. Fresh fruits and fresh leaves can be eaten raw, some bitter taste, and comfortable after eating, no adverse reactions, but not excessive. Usually, 20 to 30 slices of fresh leaves are boiled, then slowly simmered for 40 minutes, when drinking tea. If with dried leaves, add a third more. According to the needs of each person, some other herbs can be appropriately matched, and the taste and effect will be better. Such as; pomegranate, gang ling, wild peony, mulberry leaf, ganoderma lucidum, berries, wild chrysanthemums, monk fruit flowers, tianmendong, licorice, etc., these herbs have the effect of activating blood stasis, clearing heat and detoxification, ambiguous and gastrointestinal, soothing liver and eyes. Leaves for a long time as tea to drink, make tea eggs, etc., strengthen the body, longevity! My experience is that it is better to have three days without rice than to go a day without this king. The role of the mysterious fruit has attracted people's attention.