The Cave Man at the Top of the Mountain is a late Homo sapiens fossil found in 1933 in the Peking Ape Man Cave in Zhoukoudian, Beijing, China. From 1933 to 1934, the Cenozoic Research Laboratory of the China Geological Survey was excavated by Pei Wenzhong. It is named after the "mountaintop cave" located at the top of Zhoukoudian Dragon Bone Mountain and above the Beijing Ape Man Cave. Its important fossils and relics were lost in 1941 along with the Peking Ape Man specimen during World War II and are missing. The cave at the top of the mountain has been dug up completely, the original cave roof has been dug out, and there will be no new discoveries in the future.
Stone tools, bone horns and perforated ornaments have been unearthed along with the fossils of cave people on the top of the mountain, and the earliest burials known to date in China have been discovered. According to radiocarbon dating, the age is the end of the late Pleistocene of the geological era, and there are dense forests on the mountains and vast grasslands under the mountains. Tigers, cave bears, wolves, maned cheetahs, civets, cattle, sheep and so on live among them. The cave people at the top of the mountain mainly hunt fishing and hunting and Beijing spotted deer. Fossils of the large thoracic and caudal vertebrae of the cyprinid family have also been found at the site, indicating that the cave people on the top of the mountain have been able to catch aquatic animals and expand the scope of production activities to the waters, which marks the improvement of human understanding and use of the natural world.
Although the fossils of the cave people on the top of the mountain are difficult to find, excellent models of important fossils were made at that time. The original model is currently preserved in the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and scientists can basically study the information provided by fossils through observations of the model.
Restoration of the cave man at the top of the mountain
The Hilltop Cave people were in the period of the matrilineal clan commune, and women played a leading role in social life, establishing kinship according to matrilineal ancestry. A clan has dozens of people, multiplied by a common ancestor. They use common tools, work together, and distribute food together, without distinction between the rich and the poor. Cave people at the top of the mountain still use stone tools, but have mastered polishing and drilling techniques. They also make fires by hand, make a living by gathering, hunting, and fishing. They can go far away to exchange groceries with other primitive people. The cave people at the top of the mountain have sewn clothes with bone needles and know how to love beauty. They are buried after they die.
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