With the victory of the people's revolution led by the Party in the whole country a foregone conclusion, the task of building a new China has been put on the agenda.
The Second Plenary Session of the Seventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China held in Xibaipo in March 1949 stipulated the basic policies that the Party should adopt in the political, economic and diplomatic fields after the victory of the whole country, and pointed out the development direction of China's transformation from an agrarian country to an industrial country and from a new democratic society to a socialist society. Mao Zedong warned the whole party to win victory in the whole country, this is only the first step in the long march, china's revolution is great, but the road after the revolution is longer, and the work is greater and more arduous. To this end, Mao Zedong put forward the idea of "two musts," that is, "we must ensure that comrades continue to maintain a modest, cautious, non-arrogant, and impatient style, and that comrades continue to maintain a style of arduous struggle." Mao Zedong also pointed out that in the face of victory, we must guard against the attacks of bourgeois "sugar-coated shells".
On the morning of March 23, 1949, Mao Zedong led the central organs to leave Xibaipo, the last rural command post of the Chinese revolution, and marched towards Beiping. Before leaving, Mao Zedong told Zhou En: Today is the day to enter Beijing, and to "catch up with the examination" in Beijing. Zhou En, we should all pass the exam and not return. Mao Zedong said that retreating would be a failure. We should never let Li Zicheng, we all hope to get good results in the exam. On March 25, Mao Zedong and other central leaders, together with the central organs and the headquarters of the People's Liberation Army, entered Beiping. The entry of the Party Central Committee and Mao Zedong into Beiping Xiangshan marked a shift in the center of gravity of the Chinese revolution from the countryside to the cities. It became the general headquarters leading the war of liberation to national victory and the great victory of the new-democratic revolution.
Although the Chinese Communists had no illusions about Chiang Kai-shek's fake "peace talks," they made a serious final effort to achieve domestic peace. On April 1, a delegation of the Communist Party of China, with Zhou Enlai as chief representative, and a delegation of the Kuomintang government with Zhang Zhizhong as the chief representative held talks in Beiping. The negotiations broke down because the Nationalist government refused to sign the agreement.
On April 21, Chairman Mao Zedong and Commander-in-Chief Zhu De issued an order to march across the country. From the night of April 20 to 21, under the unified command of the General Front Committee of the Campaign of Crossing the River with Deng Xiaoping as secretary, the Second and Third Field Armies launched the Campaign to Cross the River with the cooperation of the Advance Corps of the Fourth Field Army and the troops of the Central Plains Military Region. On the thousand-mile front from the mouth of the lake in the west to Jiangyin in the east, millions of male divisions crossed the Yangtze River in three ways. The Yangtze River defense line, which the Kuomintang had painstakingly operated for 3 and a half months, collapsed in an instant.
The People's Liberation Army occupies Nanjing. Xinhua News Agency photo
On April 23, the People's Liberation Army occupied Nanjing, the center of Kuomintang rule, declaring the end of the 22-year-old Kuomintang reactionary rule. After Mao Zedong saw this good news at the Shuangqing Villa in Xiangshan, Beiping, he wrote "Seven Laws: The People's Liberation Army Occupies Nanjing." He expressed his determination to carry the revolution through to the end with the phrase "it is advisable to chase the poor and the brave, and not to become a famous and hegemonic scholar," and he used "If there is love in heaven, the right way in the world is vicissitudes," revealing the objective law of human social progress.
Subsequently, the People's Liberation Army captured Shanghai on May 27. Before and after this, the People's Liberation Army continued to march triumphantly to the provinces of central, southwest, and southwest china, quickly resolving the remaining enemy by means of combat or peace, and liberating the vast territory. The Kuomintang Chiang Kai-shek clique fled from the mainland to Taiwan.
In order to openly explain to the people of the whole country the CPC's proposition on the issue of establishing a new China, on June 30, Mao Zedong published an article entitled "On the People's Democratic Dictatorship," pointing out that the people's democratic dictatorship needed the leadership of the working class. The resolution of the Second Plenary Session of the Seventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and Mao Zedong's "On the People's Democratic Dictatorship" laid the theoretical foundation and policy foundation for the establishment of New China.
The work of preparing for the establishment of a new China was carried out through the New Political Consultative Conference (Chinese The People's Political Consultative Conference). In September 1949, the first plenary session of the Chinese Political Consultative Conference was solemnly held in Beiping. In his opening remarks, Mao Zedong boldly declared to the whole world: "We have a common feeling that our work will be written in the history of mankind, and it will show that the Chinese, which accounts for a quarter of the total number of mankind, will henceforth stand up." The meeting adopted the Common Programme of the Political Consultative Conference of the Chinese People.) This Common Program became the Magna Carta of the Chinese people and served as the provisional constitution of new China for a period of time. The meeting unanimously elected Mao Zedong as chairman of the Central People's Government, Zhu De, Liu Shaoqi, Song Qingling, Li Jishen, Zhang Lan, and Gao Gang as vice chairmen, and Chen Yi and 56 others as members of the Central People's Government Committee. The meeting approved Thatping as the capital of the People's Republic of China and renamed It beijing; decided to adopt the Year of the Common Era; to take the "March of the Volunteer Army" as the national anthem; and to use the national flag as a five-star red flag, symbolizing the great unity of the people of the whole country under the leadership of the Communist Party.
At 3 p.m. on October 1, 1949, the founding ceremony of the People's Republic of China was held in Beijing's Tiananmen Square. Mao Zedong solemnly declared: "The Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China was established today. Xinhua News Agency photo
On the afternoon of October 1, 1949, 300,000 soldiers and civilians in the capital Beijing held a grand opening ceremony in Tiananmen Square. Mao Zedong solemnly declared: "The Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China was established today. "The 54 salutes fired 28 in unison, symbolizing the 28-year struggle of the party leading the people. The founding of the People's Republic of China opened a new chapter in China's history. The Communist Party of China, which led and organized the people's revolution to victory, became a party that held political power throughout the country and embarked on a new journey of leading the people to create a happy and beautiful life. A new chapter has also opened in the history of the Party. October 1 is the National Day of the People's Republic of China.
Chief planner: Zhou Hongjun
Producer: Zhu Yonglei An Chuanxiang
Planner: Zhai Zihe Wang Ying
Copywriter: Wang Ying
Design: Fan Shanshan Cheng Yuanyuan
bibliography:
A Brief History of the Communist Party of China
A Century of Party History in literature
A Survey of the History of the Communist Party of China
Image source: Xinhua News Agency
Produced by Xinhua News Center
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