Romania's dictator Ceaușescu was executed with his wife on December 25, 1989, the day after the revolution.
His wife influenced her husband's internal policy (some consider her to be the "real" leader of Romania).
She had only received primary education (primary school), all her attempts to obtain a professional degree ended in failure, and she was fired for fraud.
Later, after her husband became chancellor, she forced state universities to offer her a ph.D. in chemistry and forced scientists to write her name in their papers. At conferences abroad, she was known as "Dr. Beggar," and she also forced foreign universities to acknowledge her non-existent talents.
In addition, she blocked the distribution of STD prevention equipment, claiming that the disease does not exist in Romania and encouraging families to avoid condoms.
According to Romanian friends, in Romania she is considered the inventor of television.
Initially, Ceaușescu was popular in both Romania and the West because his independent foreign policy challenged Soviet authority. In the 1960s, he relaxed censorship of the press.
He refused to participate in the 1968 Warsaw Pact forces invasion of Czechoslovakia and even actively and publicly condemned the operation in a speech on August 21, 1968. A week before the invasion, he went to Prague to provide moral support to Czechoslovakia President Alexander Dubček.
Ceausescu's main purpose as leader was to make Romania a world power, and all his economic, diplomatic and demographic policies were aimed at achieving Ceausescu's ultimate goal: to turn Romania into one of the world's great powers.
For educators ("leaders"), as Ceausescu likes to call himself, "Population is destiny" for a country with a growing population to rise.
In October 1966, Ceaușescu banned abortion and contraception and enacted the world's toughest anti-abortion laws, leading to a surge in the number of Romanian babies displaced in orphanages in the country.
In October 1917, during the Battle of Passchendaele, Australian soldiers were in Belgium
The British offensive against Flanders, launched on 31 July 1917, was intended to keep the Germans away from important channel ports and eliminate U-boat bases on the coast. But the constant rain and shells turned the battlefield into a mass of corpses, water-filled shell craters and mud, and the attack had to be stopped. After months of fighting, the Passchendaele Ridge was still occupied by German troops. Sir Douglas Hague, commander-in-chief of the British Expeditionary Force, ordered the Canadians to victory.
Sir Arthur Currie, commander of the Canadian Legion, opposed the battle, fearing that the battle could not be won without paying a terrible price in his life, but Hague was eager for a symbolic victory and persevered in his efforts, believing that even a limited victory would help and save the battle.
Currie had no choice but to attack, making serious preparations for the battle, and he knew that serious preparation, especially for his artillery and engineers, was the key to advancing in this broken land.
The Canadians arrived in Flanders in mid-October to free Australian and New Zealand troops. Currie ordered the construction of new roads, the construction or improvement of gun craters, and the repair and extension of the tram light rail. Pack horses delivered hundreds of thousands of shells to the front line, providing barrage cover for infantry attacks.
In these efforts, the Germans continued to fire on the Paskindal Ridge, killing or injuring hundreds of people. The Canadians attacked on October 26, and by mid-November he had finally approached the ridge, with 15,654 Canadians dying on the way.
In 1941, all members of the Warsaw Ghetto Police lined up during the Ghetto inspection
Members of the Jewish police usually do not have formal uniforms, usually wearing only armbands, hats, and badges with identification marks, and firearms are not allowed despite carrying batons.
The Warsaw Ghetto was established by German authorities in November 1940 and more than 400,000 Jews were imprisoned in an area of 1.3 square miles, with an average of 9.2 people per room.
Under Nazi occupation, Jewish police units were established in most Eastern European ghettos, officially known as jewish organizations for the maintenance of public order. The establishment of the police force is often associated with the establishment of jewish communities, which exclude the Jewish population from the jurisdiction of the general police and therefore require an alternative system to ensure that the jewish population complies with the orders of the German occupiers.
The absence of a general order in Germany for the establishment of a Jewish police suggests that it was most likely created on the initiative of various local occupying forces rather than the Central Reich government. In fact, the Jewish police, depending on local conditions, their jurisdiction and their status in the Jewish community varied from slum to slum. A small slum can only rally a small number of people to join its police force, while warsaw's slum police include more than 2,000 members.
Initially, the main task of the Jewish police was to maintain public order and carry out German orders passed to the Jews by Jewish missionaries. The municipality retains jurisdiction over criminal matters and disputes between Jews and non-Jews. During this period, some Jews were positive about the establishment of the Jewish police. Some intellectuals even publicly support it. Jews joined the organization for social motives, out of a desire to help maintain order in the ghetto and to assist in Jewish self-government.
In 1940. These policemen are generally exempt from labor and even have the right to release others from their labor obligations (in exchange for bribes). The walls that guard the slums also corrupt the police and put them up against the public. Jewish police often worked with local police and even With German soldiers to control smuggling. Their close ties with German and local authorities and the opportunity for kickbacks led many Jewish communities to see them as occupying forces. Over time, corruption became part of jewish police status, many of whom lived extravagant lives among the rest of the impoverished Jewish population. Thus, the original respect for the Jewish police was replaced by hatred and contempt.