The author learned from the "China Knowledge Network" retrieval that the Qing Dynasty Wudu celebrity Xing Shu's book "Distinguishing Differences in Jinshi Characters" was used by Geng Xiaoxun, a master of Chinese classical philology at the Advanced Institute of Confucianism of Shandong University, as a dissertation study, written as a "Research on the Identification of Jinshi Characters", and officially graduated in May 2020 with a master's degree in literature, and the supervisor was Professor Liu Xinming.
Shandong University is directly under the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, directly under the central government and vice-ministerial system, ranked among the world's top universities in the construction of universities (Category A), 985 Project, 211 Project, is a comprehensive national key university. The Institute for Advanced Study of Confucianism is a comprehensive humanistic research institution with the focus of classical scholarship and the characteristics of Confucian studies, and is also committed to the cultivation of undergraduate, master's and doctoral students. At present, there are the Institute of Chinese Philosophy, the Institute of Chinese History, the Institute of Chinese Literature, the Institute of Classics Primary School, the Institute of Classical Literature, and the Institute of Folklore. The Confucian College spans 4 first-level disciplines and 10 second-level disciplines in Chinese, history, philosophy and sociology, of which Classical Chinese Philology is a national key (cultivation) discipline and a key discipline in Shandong Province.
Xing Shu (邢澍), also spelled Yumin (雨民), ZiXuan (一字自轩), was a native of Jiezhou (present-day Wudu District), a famous poet, bibliographer, bibliophile, philologist, Fang Zhi scholar, epigrapher, calligrapher and painter of the Qing Dynasty. Qianlong fifty-five years (1790) jinshi, successively served as Zhejiang Yongkang Zhi County, Changxing Zhi County, Jiangxi Raozhou Prefecture Prefect, Nan'an Fu Prefect, etc., for the official Qingzheng, the case did not leave a mu, the people called "Xing Qingtian". During his more than 20 years of academic eunuch career in Jiangnan at that time, through academic friendship and singing with masters such as Zhang Xuecheng, Qian Daxin, Hong Liangji, Sun Xingyan, Ruan Yuan, etc., longyou opened the door of cultural exchange to Guanwai. Professor Zhang Shunhui of Central China Normal University, a famous philologist and former president of the Chinese Historical Documents Research Association, praised Xing Shu and Wuwei Zhang Shu as "leaders of Longyou Renrenren" in the "Collected Records of Qing Literature", and called them "Longshang Ershu", and their ancestral tombs are now in Liangshui Village, Liangshui Town, Wudu District, Longnan City.
Geng Xiaoxun's "Research on the Differentiation of Jinshi Characters" pointed out that the vulgar body is a common phenomenon in the use of Chinese characters in Chinese history, and naturally contains a large number of vulgar forms in the more special stone carving documents. During the Qianjia period, epigraphy made brilliant achievements, and a large number of works on the writing of jinshi and the analysis and examination emerged. When it comes to writings that specialize in compiling and interpreting vulgar styles, it began with Qing Xingshu's "Distinguishing Differences in Jinshi Characters".
Geng Xiaozheng mainly conducted a comprehensive study of the content, style and academic achievements of Xing Shu's book "Distinguishing Differences in Jinshi Characters", and observed the achievements in epigraphy in the heyday of Pu Xue in the Qing Dynasty from the perspective of inscriptions.
The article believes that among Xing Shu's biographical works, he is most famous for his "Distinguishing Differences in Jinshi Characters" and "Huanyu Visiting Monument" compiled with Sun Xingyan. In the seventh year of Jiaqing, after Xing Shu wrote the "Huanyu Visiting The Monument", he "reconsidered the seal to change into a subordinate, subordinate to the main book, and reform the class", which was a book called "Distinguishing Differences in Jinshi Characters" to examine its writing and argue its similarities and differences. It is characterized by a mixture of eclectic and detailed sources. What was received was not like Gu Aiji's "Li Discernment" (李祗) and the Han Wei Li title, which did not reach the Six Dynasties to the Tang Dynasty, but adopted the stone carvings seen before the Tang and Song dynasties. Sun Xingyan's "Preface to the Visit to the Monument of Huanyu" praised Xing's "erudite and knowledgeable, collection of ten thousand volumes", and because of this, Xing Shushanjia used the rapid accumulation of gold and stone materials during the revival of Qianjia Sinology, as well as the case judgments of the famous jinshi masters at that time, so his books are full of references for scholars today.
The main contributions of the article are: First, to carefully sort out Xing Shu's academic life, combined with the influence of the Qianjia school of learning, focusing on its achievements in lithography; second, the characteristics of the whole book, Xing Shu attaches importance to the use of rhyme, manifested in the arrangement of other characters according to rhyme, the preface also uses rhyme, specific to the main text part of the word with a single word as the beginning, each word below it is a variation in the golden stone inscription, and then use small characters to indicate the source of this glyph, and then introduce the original text containing this word; the third is the dialectical characteristics of the whole book, which is specifically manifested in the rich quotation materials. The content is detailed, the dialectical inheritance summarizes the achievements of the predecessors, and the three major aspects of sorting out the reasons for the appearance of typos.
The article believes that the academic contribution of "Distinguishing Differences in Jinshi Characters": improving the ability to identify and interpret inscriptions in the content of stone inscriptions is of great help to better grasp the content of inscriptions and the inscriptions of rubbing materials; in philology, pay attention to Wuzhou characters, help summarize the evolution of typography, and enhance the artistic value of calligraphy works; in philology, pay attention to Wuzhou characters, help summarize the evolution of typographs, and alias glyphs enhance the artistic value of calligraphy works; In philology, it involves the problem of ancient and modern characters in the Stone Classics, which provides a reference for the proofreading of the scriptures and a brief introduction to the common situation of the correct and common characters, which facilitates the collation and collation of ancient books.
The article comprehensively reveals the position of the "Distinguishing Differences in Jinshi Characters" in the Qing Dynasty stele inscriptions. Under the premise of repeatedly studying "Distinguishing Differences", the basic characteristics of this book in terms of style and dialectics have been grasped as a whole, so as to reveal the outstanding contributions of "Distinguishing Differences" in many aspects such as starting from examples, summarizing laws, preserving documents, and being a positive sage, and at the same time facing up to its mistakes, hoping to give this book an objective and reasonable positioning in the history of lithography research.
(Liangshui villager Chen Zhengyun finished)
Source: Two Waters