The south gate is so cattle
(i)
As the saying goes in Changsha, "Don't go to the south gate, there are many people, the road is narrow, and one day you can squeeze out the darkness." This depicts the prosperity of the south gate in previous years.
Since ancient times, until now, from the Octagonal Pavilion to the South Gate, it has been the most prosperous core area of Changsha. The royal palaces of the past dynasties are basically near here. Such as dingwangtai, that is, the Western Han Dynasty Changsha Dingwang Liu Fa built. Bixiang Street and Bixiang Gate are also named after a palace many years ago: Bixiang Palace. The builder of the Bixiang Palace was Ma Xifan, the son of Ma Yin, the King of Chu in the Fifth Dynasty. Ma Xifan was Ma Yin's fourth son, and was crowned King of Chu by later Tang in Changsha, and bixiang Palace was built when he was monarch.
Statue of Ma Yin
There is no clear record of how brilliant the Bixiang Palace was, but the ruins of the Bixiang Palace were preserved until the Song Dynasty, and attracted two poets and painters, Hui Hong and Huang Tingjian, who lingered here for more than a month.
Hong Juefan's "Cold Fasting Night Talk" left us with such a good story: Gu (Huang Tingjian) bought a small boat outside the Bixiang Gate to go to Hengzhou, and JueFan felt that it was narrow. The valley laughed: "The smoke is thousands of acres, the water is a small boat, and the building is different from the drunken eyes of the building Qianyao?" ”
The building that Huang Tingjian said may refer to the Bixiang Palace, which was still in ruins at that time.
Built in the Ming Dynasty in Wuyi Square, the royal palace covered most of the area south of Wuyi Road, all the way to Renmin West Road, and only a small part north of Wuyi Road, near today's Bauhinia Street.
In modern times, there are more yamen built in the south than in the north. To the north are only the provincial yamen of Fuhou Street and the Yamen of Changsha County in another village, and in the south there are Shanhua County Yamen, Grain Road Yamen, and Academy Yamen, and several military Yamen such as Dusi Yamen and Guerrilla Yamen, all built south of Wuyi Road.
In 1848, a famous scholar named Huang Benji wrote the first Fang Wuzhi in the history of Hunan, "Hunan Fang Wuzhi".
"Recently, ShangJia made wine from the river outside the Bixiang Gate, and did not reduce Wuzhong wine." He recorded and commented on the production of the brewery on Bixiang Street in fangwu zhi.
At that time, Hong Xiuquan was still preaching in the mountains of Guangxi, Bixiang Street had not yet been stationed by the Taiping Army, and there were still a few years before it was destroyed by artillery, and the area around the south gate of Changsha was in the most prosperous good time in the late Qing Dynasty.
In the late Qing Dynasty, the south gate was not wide, there was a city wall in the north, and in the south, the mountains were not in accordance with the rules or horizontal or vertical, and there were deep pools of good water in between.
The West Lake Bridge is a stone bridge on the moat outside the Bixiang Gate, the moat passes through the Xiang River, and there is another ditch connecting the deep pool of good water, so outside the Bixiang Gate, the water in the Xiang River and the good water in the deep pool are combined to produce wine, "without reducing Wuzhong wine".
Outside the South Gate, more mountains and rivers, more deep pools, building a mansion outside the South Gate is not something that ordinary rich people can do. In addition, before the city wall was demolished, the convenience and safety of life in the city were higher than outside the city. Ordinary rich people, mostly choose the city. Especially rich, do not worry about the increase in infrastructure costs brought about by the irregularity of the terrain, do not worry about not having money to hire someone to be responsible for the security of the house, in order to be closer to the good mountains and rivers, more will buy a house outside the South Gate.
The south entrance commercial plaza in the late 1980s
Even so, because the South Gate is one of the main passages in and out of Changsha City in the south of Changsha, its liveliness has not diminished in the city.
In particular, at the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the People's Republic, with the construction of the Cantonese-Han Railway, the cutting of mountains and filled in ponds, the south side of the road, and the demolition of the city wall, the exchange and exchange between the South Gate and the main urban area of Changsha was completely free of obstacles, coupled with the establishment of kindergarten schools, Chang county middle school, Hunan First Normal School and other schools, the bustle outside the South Gate was not only more than in the past, but also added a lot of cultural connotations that kept pace with the times, and when it was later merged into The Xinxing Road of Huangxing South Road and the Laodong Road in the 1950s of the last century, the prosperity brought by the access of traffic was unprecedented.
(ii)
Outside the South Gate, today's Myoko Peak can not see the traces of the mountain. For a long time, it was not only the first highland outside the South Gate, but also the first highland on the east side of the River in Changsha City.
The Qing poet Mao Guohan (1772-1846) wrote a poem entitled "Night Return to the Peak Temple". The temple was built on the site of the old Seongnam Academy. The first two couplets in Mao Guohan's poem read: "Nanguo Fengfeng Temple, Songyin into the staff quinoa." To the gate river tree, the sunset sea clouds are low. Tao Shu (1779-1839), who was similar to Mao Guohan's age, wrote in his "Changsha Bamboo Branches": "The color of the Myo Takayama is new, and the water under the Myo Takayama is sparkling." "It can be seen that at that time, there were mountains and waters in the peak of Miao.
This highland, which is formed by the thick layers of Quaternary reticulated laterite gravel and then cut by flowing water, has always been known as the "First Wonder of The South of the City" in the Ming and Qing FangZhi. Looking across the river from it is the Yunlu Palace of Yuelu Mountain.
Historically, the first large-scale civil engineering move at Miaofeng peak was at the end of shaoxing and the beginning of Longxing in the Southern Song Dynasty (1162-1164), when Zhang Yu built the Chengnan Academy under Miaofeng Peak. From the Southern Song Dynasty to the end of the Qing Dynasty, Chengnan Academy was built and destroyed many times.
Because there is Chengnan Academy and the modern Hunan First Normal School, the South Gate was once changsha's first cultural highland. In particular, the Hunan First Normal School, which still exists today, although its name cannot be found in today's list of famous schools, the founder of the republic, Mr. Mao, who announced in the Tiananmen Tower that "the People's Republic of China and the Central People's Government was established", was trained by it. One of Mr. Mao's hobbies when he was studying at the First Normal School was to go to the downtown area at the south gate to read books.
Hunan First Normal School
However, it is certain that Mr. Mao is studying outside the South Gate, not inside the South Gate. Because, at that time, the outside of the South Gate was far more lively than inside the South Gate.
In 1912, after the former Qing Dynasty Chaling Prefecture Zhizhou Chalujie was ousted from power during the Xinhai Revolution, he summoned his former Yamen colleagues to open the Yiyuan Restaurant in Nanzheng Street, South Gate. Zha Lujie once said that the city gate inside Changsha's south gate opened and closed in the morning and evening, and the business was very cold, and it was less lively than one-tenth of the outside of the city.
What makes this difference is the existence of the city walls and the system of the opening and closing of the gates. The closure of the city gates will affect the business in the city. But outside the city, it will not affect. The city gate is closed, and the people who want to enter the city still arrive from the far south, and if they can't go in, they will wait outside the south gate, and in the time of waiting, they may be hungry, they may be hungry, they may be sleepy, they will have to live overnight, and there will be business outside the south gate.
The complete demolition of the walls of the South Gate was in 1922. The new market formed by the south gate without the city walls is full of antique jewelry and fried stinky tofu, fashion and sugar and oil dumplings.
(iii)
In 1938, when the 36-year-old Huang Chunhe came to the south gate from the town of Lili to beg for a living, the old prosperous scene had vanished - he was the south gate after the Wenxi fire, his father Huang Wuda was a butcher, but he and his wife picked into the city, it was the rice noodle burden.
In Changsha after the fire, the city is in dire need of vitality and urgently needs to recover. Huang Chunhe, who came from the south, chose the most lively south gate in the legend. A few years later, a new Changsha rose from the ruins, and the legendary bustle, Huang Chunhe, also really felt.
"For those who wear leather robes and riding boots, heavy weight and light picking; for those who wear straw shoes or barefoot, light weight and heavy picks; for miss kutai, light oil and wide soup; for the five big and three thick men, double oil is heavy pick." This is the experience that Huang Chunhe summed up soon after in the ruins.
Huang Chun and Powder Shop on Dongfeng Road
Because the taste of the powder is good and he can be a man, Huang Chunhe from the beginning of a temporary wooden shack, to buy a shop, open a private seat, hire more than 20 shops Xiao Er, less than 10 years, has become a commercial coffee in south gate. Huang Chun and this brand are also on a par with Shuangyan, Deyuan, Li Hesheng and Xu Changxing. Its elegant seat, because it hangs famous calligraphy and paintings such as the Bada Shanren, is a few points more elegant than the elegant seats of other families.
A powder shop can make this, in addition to good taste, the boss will be a person, there are many people around who understand elegance and can afford to consume elegance. The owners of dozens of mansions outside the South Gate and their guests, as well as the business owners and their customers in the South Gate area, are regular customers of Huang Chun and Yaza.
We pulled the time back to the reform and opening up, on May 1, 1983, Gong Ermao, the 41-year-old manager of Sanba Sauce Garden, because there were 4 children, in order to make the 4 children full of food, she chose to go to the night supper stall at the south gate on this night to scramble eggs fried rice. Shortly after the reform and opening up, shortly after the late-night snack reappeared on the street, Gong Ermao sold 300 pieces of egg fried rice on the first night.
From egg fried rice in the era when the material was still relatively scarce, to the fish roe hot pot when the material was already relatively sufficient, to the turtle and sheep hot pot and the flavor shrimp when the material was sufficient, Gong Ermao's business became bigger and bigger, her real name was gradually forgotten, and the name of SiJiao was known throughout the city.
Under the fame of Si Jiao, Wu Jiao, Yang Glasses, Yi Jia Jiang Ji, etc. have also become famous, and the south gate once became a weather vane in Changsha's food industry, in addition to Huang Chun and Rice Noodle Shop, Zhou Ji Jie Twist Flower, Demaolong Sauce Garden, Deyuan Bun Shop and other old brands, more famous snack shops such as Chunsheng after the rain, Golden Bell Noodle Restaurant, Zou Ji Cold Noodles, Jin Ji Sugar Oil Lump...
Five-ohme stinky dried seeds
Even including Lang Ge bundled chicken, even if there are restaurants in other areas that enter his family's goods, old Changsha diners can eat it at once, well, this is the taste of the south gate, the authentic Changsha taste.
(iv)
The location of the Changsha branch of the Commercial Press, which was not destroyed by the Wenxi fire outside the South Gate, should be precisely because the south gate is not only a strong commercial atmosphere, but also a good cultural atmosphere - it is a three-story bookstore with windows on the floor.
The artist Yang Gospel remembers that during the Cultural Revolution, his father asked him to go to his grandmother's house at the south gate, cleared all the calligraphy and paintings hidden on the upper floor, and installed a board car. In this plate car calligraphy painting, there are eight mountain people, there are Zheng Banqiao, and so on, these are now casually taken out of a painting that can buy a house and buy a house, Yang Gospel installed a plate of car, all pulled away and burned.
Nowadays, when it comes to the cultural landmarks of the South Gate, we have to mention the old and new schools. In the old days, it was the Changsha Fu Xuegong, which is known as the "Xiwen Temple" referred to by the place name of "XiwenMiaoping". Changsha Xuegong was originally the highest institution of learning in 12 counties and prefectures under the jurisdiction of Changsha Province. It was first completed in May of the first year of the Northern Song Dynasty (1064) by Wu Zhongfu of Tanzhou Zhizhou. Wang Anshi, who advocated education reform, heard the news and wrote "Tanzhou New Learning Poems and Preface".
The ancient Temple of Literature was dedicated to Confucius, but since the Tang Dynasty, the Temple of Literature has been combined with official learning to practice the system of "left temple and right learning", so the common people habitually call the palace of literature temple. After the completion of the Palace of Learning, it became a place for the imperial court to select talents, and a large number of scholars gathered here with the dream of entering the army and applying it to the world. As a result, Changsha Fuxue Palace has become the place with the strongest cultural atmosphere in Changsha.
In 1938, the Xuegong, which was destroyed and rebuilt several times in the war, was finally destroyed by the "Wenxi" fire, and only the "Daoguan Ancient and Modern" archway remains today.
Xiwen Temple Ping Arch
The Changjun Middle School, not far from the xuegong site, was founded in 1904 by Yan Zhongji, the prefect of Changsha (the 30th year of the Qing Dynasty), and was originally called "Changsha Fu Middle School". In 1912, hunan Changjun public school was established on the basis of Changshafu Middle School. Since then, it has changed its name several times, and in 1984, the name of Changsha Changjun Middle School was restored.
Perhaps due to the influence of hundreds of years of cultural precipitation in the Temple of Literature, Chang county middle school, located in the most prosperous area of Changsha, has cultivated a large number of talents, and now it is one of the four famous schools, and the annual promotion rate ranks among the best.
In this place of Zhong Lingyu show, the book volume qi and the city well fireworks are perfectly prosperous, and the students of Chang county not only have good grades, but also the Changsha dialect is also the best in all middle schools, and there is no one.
Changsha is one of the few cities in the country that has never changed its location in the central urban area for thousands of years, and the south gate, until now, is still the core area of Changsha, and it is the most prosperous and land-rich place.