When you think of the beautiful plankton of jellyfish, what comes to mind? Is it reminiscent of the beautiful ocean world, or its fleshy transparent loose hat and tentacles? In fact, the basic structure of jellyfish is very simple, most of the jellyfish is composed of water, and it is precisely because of this, coupled with its transparent appearance, that it will always give people a sense of beauty. Jellyfish is really beautiful, and there is a beautiful population in jellyfish, and the next step is to introduce you to the princess of this jellyfish - egg yolk jellyfish.
Egg yolk jellyfish
What is jellyfish
1. Introduction to jellyfish
JellyFish (English name: Jelly Fish): is an important plankton in the aquatic environment, belonging to the order of the stingrays. Jellyfish is a very beautiful aquatic animal. Its body shape is like a transparent umbrella, the diameter of the umbrella body is large and small, and the diameter of the large jellyfish can reach 2 meters. The edges of the umbel have whisker-like tentacles, some of which can be up to 20-30 meters long.
The main component of the jellyfish's body is water, and it is composed of two germ layers inside and outside, and there is a thick medium rubber layer between the two layers, which is not only transparent, but also has a floating effect. When they move, they use the reflection of water spray in the body to move forward, looking at it from a distance, like a round umbrella floating rapidly in the water; some jellyfish umbrellas also have various color patterns, and in the blue ocean, these swimming jellyfish of different colors look very beautiful.
2, the living environment of jellyfish
Whether it is tropical waters, temperate waters, shallow waters, oceans about 100 meters deep, or even freshwater areas, they can be traced. Jellyfish existed as early as 650 million years ago, and they appeared even earlier than dinosaurs. There are more than 250 species of jellyfish in the world's waters, which are distributed in waters around the world. All live in the ocean.
3. Morphological characteristics of jellyfish
Jellyfish type is usually a monomer, camp floating or swimming life, a very small number of species are groups, and some groups can live in a fixed life. Jellyfish-shaped body is bell-shaped or inverted bowl-shaped, or umbrella-shaped, the outwardly protruding side is called the outer umbrella surface or the upper umbrella surface, the concave side is called the lower umbrella surface, the center of the lower umbrella surface has a drooping tube called the hanging lip, the free end of the vertical lip is the mouth, the edge of the umbrella has a circle of tentacles, and the edge of the hooked jellyfish under the umbrella extends inwards a narrow membranous structure, called the marginal membrane, which is the characteristic of the hydra jellyfish. In the bowl jellyfish, jellyfish have no membrane. The body wall structure of the jellyfish type is basically similar to that of the hydra type, which is also composed of two layers of epithelial muscle cells sandwiched between the medium rubber layer, but the medium rubber layer of the jellyfish type is far more developed than that of the water hydra type. The gastric circulatory cavity around the body wall is also more developed, it is either a simple sac, or divided into 4 gastric sacs by the membrane, from which the gastric sac extends 4 or more radiation tubes to the umbrella edge, and is connected with the ring tube parallel to the umbrella edge, and the ring tube can also extend the centrifugal tubule into the tentacle, directly to the end of the tentacle. There are sensory organs at the umbel rim or at the base of the tentacles, such as eye spots or balance sacs.
4, the luminous principle of jellyfish
Jellyfish is a cellular animal, simple structure, no muscles and bones, 98% of the body is water, but some jellyfish can emit light, such as ctenophores swimming in the sea, the body appears spherical blue light, the back of several long tentacles in the shining slender band of light, with the ctenophore swimming body bending and swinging, the light is also varied, very beautiful and moving. The original jellyfish light source is different from other animals, most of the other animals are fluorescein, luciferase through the catalytic action of oxygen, so that the light. But jellyfish emit light by relying on a magical protein called Equiline, which emits a strong blue light when it encounters calcium ions. According to scientists, each jellyfish contains about 50 micrograms of luminescent protein, which means that jellyfish emit light by it.
Introduction to egg yolk jellyfish
1. Introduction to egg yolk jellyfish
Egg yolk jellyfish (scientific name: Cotylorhiza tuberculata) is a marine organism of the order Phylloscopus of the order Porcupine jellyfish. There is also a name of the same name as the banshee in Greek mythology, "Medusa". The main stages of life history are monomeric, jellyfish type, and their hydra type stage is underdeveloped. Larger body size, no limbic membrane; complex gastric circulation cavity, developed radiation tube, gastric filament of endodermal origin, there are spiny cells on the gastric filament; germ cells originate from the endoderm, the neural senses are more developed, and 8 sensory organs are formed in concentration. Xi marine life, jellyfish weapons are harpoon-shaped tentacles, when they touch prey, they will shoot out the venom of the tentacles to stab the cells, hunting their prey. Similar in appearance to boiled eggs, it is the most common jellyfish in the Mediterranean, and is also found in the Aegean and Adriatic Seas.
2. The appearance characteristics of egg yolk jellyfish
Egg yolk jellyfish are larger, with an umbrella body diameter of generally 35 cm and a maximum of 50 cm. The umbrella is disc-shaped, and due to the color of the genital glands or other structures such as the stomach sac in the body, the golden or orange-red color of the central bulge appears in the transparent, which looks so delicious and seductive, like a freshly fried poached egg, and the edge thickness of the umbrella body is usually about 17 cm.
The body is divided into upper and lower umbrella surfaces, without membranes. The umbrella edge has no tentacles, the mouth and wrist heal, the mouth at the end of the vertical lip is closed, and many new small suction holes are formed, with a normal mouth in early development, and there are 8 mouth lobes, and later in development, 8 mouth and wrist are formed, and the mouth and wrist are branched and healed, and the ciliary groove in the original mouth and wrist heals into small tubes and suction mouths (suctorial mouth). For suction, the suction mouth and tubules are connected to the gastric cavity. There are usually spines distributed on the outer surface of the hanging lip , wrist and umbrella. The mesocoidal layer is well developed and is also a gel formed by proteins and mucopolysaccharides, which contain collagen fibers. The colloid layer also has great elasticity, because it can maintain and regulate the composition and concentration of ions, and keep the body buoyant in the seawater. Muscles and movements are similar to those of the hydra jellyfish , with circumferential muscles formed by the ectoderm around the lower umbrella margin , and their contractions cause the jellyfish to move.
3. Habits of egg yolk jellyfish
The gastric circulation cavity of the egg yolk jellyfish is more complex than that of the hydra jellyfish, the original species from the mouth through the vertical lip into the central gastric cavity, the gastric cavity extends outward to form 4 gastric sacs, there is a septum between the gastric sacs, and there are small holes in the partitions, which can make the gastric sacs communicate with each other to help the circulation of fluids. There are septum muscles on the partition, and the inner edge has gastric filaments of endoderm origin, which contain many spine cells and glandular cells that can fix and kill food that enters the stomach cavity. This structure of the gastric sac and septum appears only in infancy, and in adulthood forms a well-developed system of gastric lumen and circulation tubes. For carnivorous animals, feeding on small crustaceans, plankton, etc., in fact, it is also a type of suspension dieter, filtering tiny plankton in the water with tentacles, sending the entrance and stomach cavity through the oral carpal groove by cilia, the stinging cells on the gastric filament kill the catch, and then the glandular cells on the gastric filament secrete digestive enzymes to digest food, and the digested nutrients swing by the cilia of the circulation tube wall to promote nutrients from the gastric cavity through the spoke tube into the ring tube, and then through the orthogonal tube, the interlacial tube, the gastric cavity and the mouth to discharge the undigested food residue out of the body.
Late summer and early autumn will gather into large groups, which will really pose a hazard near the beach, causing great trouble for human fishing and boat travel.
4. The breeding method of egg yolk jellyfish
Egg yolk jellyfish are hermaphrodites, and the reproductive glands are located in the stomach and are produced by the endoderm. The original species has a total of 8 reproductive glands on either side of the partition. Sexual maturity is often colored and easy to identify. Germ cells are discharged into the sea water or at the mouth and wrist for fertilization, the fertilized egg develops into a floating wave larvae through the blastocyst stage, after a period of free swimming, with its front end fixed on the object to develop into a hydra-type larvae, called the bowl mouth larvae (scyphistoma), the bowl mouth larvae after the top to the base of the transverse split reproduction (strobilation), then called the transverse fissure (strobila), and then the transverse fissure from the apex to form a juvenile jellyfish body, Called sphenoidal larvae (ephyra), the transverse fissure can live for one to several years, and after all the transverse fissures fall off, it can re-form the bowl mouth larvae, so the transverse fissure is the asexual reproductive stage. The sphenoid larvae are small and have deep missing margins. It develops into jellyfish-type adults after extensive feeding.
Field of application of egg yolk jellyfish
1. Jellyfish lamps
The American company "Surprise Jellyfish" has been introduced to the market from naturally dead jellyfish corpses and resins to make lamps that can emit light at night. Different types of jellyfish have different colors, and the production of jellyfish lanterns is also based on the diversity of their colors. The lantern is very simple to make, after the natural death of the jellyfish, it is cleaned, placed in a liquid nitrogen environment for freezing and setting, and then wrapped in a circle around the jellyfish with epoxy resin, this crystalline resin material is very special, can prevent the jellyfish from rotting, and also has the characteristics of anti-smashing. In addition, depending on the color of the jellyfish itself, the epoxy resin can be painted with a bright color, which looks very beautiful during the day. This kind of colored lamp does not need to be specially charged, because the jellyfish itself has a special protein, this protein has light absorption, and the jellyfish placed in the light during the day will automatically accumulate light, and when the night falls, the jellyfish will begin to glow.
2. Mechanical jellyfish
Under the sponsorship and support of the U.S. Naval Research Institute, Jonas Tadsee, an engineer at Virginia Tech's Anshan, invented a hydrogen-powered jellyfish robot- "mechanical jellyfish", a magical robot that can swim like a real jellyfish in the water. Mechanical jellyfish are still in the early stages of development, but the researchers say the robot will eventually be able to be applied to underwater rescue operations.
In order to simulate the motion mechanism of jellyfish, the robot must use an alloy with shape memory capability, that is, the material used can remember the original shape. These materials are then packaged in carbon nanotubes and coated with a layer of platinum black powder. Mechanical jellyfish are powered by heat generated by the chemical reaction between oxygen and hydrogen in the water and platinum on the surface. The heat generated by the chemical reaction is transferred to the artificial "muscle" of the mechanical jellyfish, making it achieve the purpose of telescopic deformation.
Cultivation of egg yolk jellyfish
The cultivation of egg yolk jellyfish is not much different from that of ordinary jellyfish
1. Choose the right jellyfish
Marine jellyfish are much less toxic than other dangerous jellyfish such as tank jellyfish. Or jellyfish in jellyfish lakes. However, if a person with a sensitive constitution accidentally touches the jellyfish, it is still possible that they will have itching and redness symptoms due to contact with the thorn cells on the jellyfish.
2. Marine aquaculture
Jellyfish are marine life, so they must be farmed with seawater. Water is also changed for them every other week or so to avoid dirt and microorganisms blocking jellyfish and fish from receiving energy and affecting the speed of movement. Be careful not to touch jellyfish when changing water. Do not be in a hurry when adding water.
3. Professional equipment
Aquariums designed for marine life, especially jellyfish, special varieties of jellyfish need to have a certain degree of water flow control.
4. Temperature
The aquarium should also be placed in the thermostat to keep the water temperature at about 25 degrees Celsius, otherwise its "survival" will have problems
5. Feeding
Jellyfish have high food requirements, and plankton such as brine worms and shrimp are their favorites. When the digestive tract and mouth in the jellyfish wing are found to be orange, it means that the jellyfish has eaten enough. The number of feedings should be controlled well, and should not be too much, because it will cause the water quality to deteriorate easily.
6. Light source
Light is an important factor in the energy replenishment of jellyfish. Some of the algae single-celled xanthophylla in jellyfish supply the jellyfish with the oxygen produced by their own photosynthesis, and the nitrogen-containing waste generated by the metabolism of jellyfish is just provided to the single-celled xanthophylla in the body. The relationship between the two is interdependent. Most professional jellyfish farming aquariums will contain coral blue lights, which can provide photosynthesis of single-celled zooxanthellae, and the light time does not need to be specially enhanced. Light time does not require special reinforcement.
Conclusion: After seeing the picture, do you think the egg yolk jellyfish is beautiful? Is it really like a princess in jellyfish? I hope you don't associate it with a delicious omelette. Egg yolk jellyfish is a princess, please look at it with appreciation. Also, if you want to see it, you can see it at the larger aquarium.
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