First, liver flakes fluke parasitize in the liver bile ducts of cattle and sheep, adult worms in the animal bile ducts excret a large number of eggs, eggs with bile into the digestive tract, with feces excreted out of the body. The eggs hatch at a suitable temperature (15-30 degrees) after 10-25 days. Hairy cerena moves rapidly in the water, such as encountering a suitable intermediate host - a common freshwater snail (vertebral snail) in China - that is, drilling into its body and developing into a tail cymbal, a hairy cricket can develop into more than 100-1000 tail crickets, tail cercaria. After leaving the snail, it attaches to the plant or forms a cysticer on the surface of the water within 5-120 minutes. Aquatic weeds attached to cysticers are swallowed by cattle and sheep, and in the duodenum, the child worms emerge from the sac, pass through the abdominal wall, enter the abdominal cavity, and then enter the liver, and after a long period of migration, enter the bile ducts and develop into adult worms. In summer and autumn, after heavy rains, a large number of tailed larvae can swim out of the snail body, and with the rise of the water after the rain, cysticers are widely formed on the grass leaves, thus infecting livestock and causing a widespread epidemic of the disease. Wasting, anemia, loss of appetite, constipation and diarrhea alternate between sick animals.
Treatment: Phytin, hepatic leeches
Prevention: 1. Once a year in late winter and early spring, late autumn and early winter. 2. Feces accumulate and ferment to kill the eggs. 3. Eliminate the snails. 4. Do not graze in low-lying wet areas. 5. Drink clean water to prevent infection.
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2. Pancreatic broad-disc trematodes
It parasitizes in the pancreas (pancreatic ducts) of cattle and sheep, and sometimes also parasitizes in the bile ducts and duodenum. It mainly causes digestive disorders, malnutrition, diarrhea, anemia, edema, and in severe cases, causes animal deaths.
Treatment: Domestic blood prevention 846 oral 0.4-0.6 grams per kilogram of body weight, good deworming effect.
Third, the front and rear disc flukes
It parasitizes the rumen and bile duct wall of cattle and sheep. Occurs in summer and autumn, the sick sheep stubbornly thin, feces are watery or porridge-like, often fishy, emaciated, edematous. Control of the same pancreatic broad-disc trematodes. Treatment with liver flakes trematodes.
4. Echinococcosis (echinococcosis) is caused by the parasitism of echinococcosis in the organs of humans and animals in the middle tapestry stage of fine-grained echinococcus tapeworm. Anthelmintic drugs: praziquantel
Echinococcus parasitizes in the liver, lungs and other organs of animals, compressing tissues, causing organ atrophy and dysfunction, and rupture can cause severe allergic reactions from the host.
5. Cystic-tailed cerculias with a thin neck
Parasitizes the serous membrane, omentum and mesentery of the liver of animals. Wherever dogs are kept, livestock are generally infected with the disease. Causes acute hepatitis, peritonitis, pleurisy, or pneumonia. Sick animals are weak, emaciated, jaundice. Treatment: praziquantel, propylcomymidazole, cyanatoiodosamide.
Vi. Moniz tapeworm
1.5-7 months old lambs are susceptible, and adult worms live in the body for 2-6 months before excreting themselves. Treatment: praziquantel, propylcomymidazole, cyanatoiodosamide.
7. Esophageal mouth nematodes
These include Colombian esophageal nematodes, microtubules esophageal nematodes, and coarse-striped esophageal nematodes, all of which predominantly parasitize the colon of sheep. It mainly causes nodular lesions of the large intestine, persistent diarrhea in sick animals, dark green stool, a lot of mucus, sometimes blood, constipation and diarrhea alternately, and intermandibular edema. Treatment: Thiamidazole, levamisole, propylthionazole, avermectin, phenol thiazide and the like can be used.
VIII. Sheep-backed nematode (hookworm disease)
Parasitizes the small intestines of sheep. It is widespread throughout China, with progressive anemia in affected animals, severe wasting, mandibular edema, stubborn diarrhea, and black stools. Young animals are stunted, as well as neurological symptoms such as posterior atrophy and progressive paralysis, and mortality is high. Treatment: Thiamidazole, levamisole, propylthionazole, avermectin, phenol thiazide and the like can be used.
Nine, sheep net tail nematodes
The main harm is lambs, which can cause serious losses. Coughing, sneezing, anemia, edema.
Prevention: Lambs are grazed in groups with adult sheep; grazed in damp swampy areas; regular deworming, etc. Treatment: Thiamidazole, levamisole, propylthionazole, avermectin, phenol thiazide and the like can be used.
10. Blood spear nematode
The twisted blood spear nematode of the genus Blood Spear Nematode is the most pathogenic, the body is hairy, reddish, parasitic in the fourth stomach of cattle and sheep, and occasionally found in the small intestine. A female can ovulate 5,000-10,000 eggs per day. It takes 15-20 days for the eggs to develop into a tertiary larvae (i.e., infectious larvae) at 11 degrees Celsius and 37 degrees Celsius for only 3-4 days. After the cattle and sheep feed on the infectious larvae, the larvae are unsheathed in the cow's stomach, and then go to the real stomach and burrow into the mucous membrane. 18 days after infection, the worm matures (i.e., adult). Adults float in the stomach. 18-21 days after infection, worm eggs appear in cattle and sheep feces. 25-35 days after infection, spawning peaks. According to experiments, when 2,000 insects parasitize in the true stomach, they can suck blood up to 30 ml per day, and the blood lost after the insect body leaves has not been counted. The acute type is characterized by the sudden death of fat lambs. The conjunctiva of dead sheep's eyes is pale and highly anemic. The subacute type is characterized by significant anemia, pale conjunctiva, inter-jaw and lower abdominal edema, gradual weakening of the body, coarse hairs, gregarious grazing, and even lying down, alternating diarrhea and constipation. The course of the disease is generally two or three months or extends to four months, and if it does not die, it becomes chronic.
Treatment: Thiamidazole, levamisole, propylthionazole, avermectin, phenol thiazide and the like can be used.
Prevention: 1. Planned deworming, once in spring and autumn. In areas with severe epidemics, phenol thiazides can be mixed with concentrates or table salt during grazing for 2-3 months, 0.5-1.0 grams per sheep per day, and the preventive effect is good. 2. Grazing and drinking water hygiene, should avoid grazing in low wetlands; do not graze in the early morning, evening or after rain; prohibit drinking of stagnant or stagnant water in low-lying areas. Rotational grazing is planned to reduce parasitic infections. 3. Strengthen feeding, reasonably supplement concentrate, and enhance the disease resistance of livestock. 4. Centralized stacking and fermentation of feces to eliminate eggs and larvae.