Large fruit stone pen wood container seedling technology
Pyrenaria spectabilis, also known as large fruit stone tea, six-petal stone pen wood, is an evergreen tree of the camellia family, distributed in Tengxian County, Jinxiu, Luocheng, Cangwu and so on in Guangxi. The trunk of the large fruit stone pen wood is straight, the canopy is oval, large and dense, the leaves are bright green, the tree shape is beautiful, the flowering period is 5-6 months, the flower is golden yellow, the fruit is shaped like a peach, the surface is covered with golden fluff, the ornamental period of flowers and fruits is long, 7 to 11 months, it is an excellent tree species for viewing tree shape, flowering and fruit viewing. The wood is hard and excellent, making it an ideal material for furniture making, carving and building materials. As a native tree species, the large fruit stone pen wood has great development and utilization value, and can be used as a afforestation tree species, street tree, courtyard greening tree, large bonsai or planted in a forest park for tourists to watch, and can also be picked and processed into various types of flower and leaf tea.
The large fruit stone pen wood is mostly propagated by seeds, and the seeds mature after November every year, and the seedlings are sown in the spring of the following year. There are few literature on the seedlings of large fruit stone pen trees, and the literature found is all reports on field seedlings, and there are no research reports on container seedlings. Container seedlings have many advantages over bare root seedlings, this paper summarizes the experience of seedlings for many years, expounds the seedling technology of large fruit stone pen wood containers, and provides technical reference for production.
1 Seed harvesting and seed treatment
１． 1 Seed collection
The fruit ripens in November-December and ripens in mid-to-late November in Guangxi. When ripe, the peel is yellowish green or reddish yellow, and the peel is slightly cracked. Mature plants with robust growth and no pests and diseases were selected as the mother trees for seed picking. After the fruit is picked, it is spread out and placed in a ventilated place, and the seeds fall off on their own after the peel cracks. Seeds should not be exposed to the sun and should not be dehydrated.
１． 2 Seed treatment
Purify the seeds by water selection, and remove empty grains, insect moth grains, and deflated grains mixed in normal seeds.
The lamination method is used to induce germination, and the stratigraphic matrix is clean river sand. Use 0 before sand hiding 1% potassium permanganate sterilize the seeds for 5s, scoop up and rinse well. After laying a layer of coarse sand at the bottom of the germination box, lay a layer of wet river sand 3 to 5 cm thick, put a layer of seeds, and then cover a layer of wet river sand, that is, a layer of river sand and a layer of seeds are staggered and layered (the ratio of sand to seeds is about 2:1, the thickness of each layer of sand is about 6 cm, and the thickness of each layer of seed is about 3 cm). During the budding period of sand storage, it is necessary to pour water in time to keep the river sand moist, and the humidity should be held in a ball with the hand and loosed.
2 Plot selection and land preparation
Nursery plots are selected for seedling breeding on flat terrain, deep soil layer, convenient transportation, close to water sources, well-drained, and free of serious pests and diseases. Land preparation is carried out in autumn and winter to facilitate the planting of seedlings in the spring. Remove weeds and weeds from the garden floor, break up the soil blocks, and press width 1 to 1. The specification of 2m starts from the flat furrow, the rake flat furrow surface, the length depends on the terrain, and the reserved width between the two furrows is about 0. 5m trail.
3 Nursery
３． 1 Substrate preparation
In order to facilitate production, it is generally used in situ. The nutrient soil made of topsoil and peat soil can also be taken as the seedling substrate, mixed according to the ratio of 3 parts topsoil plus 1 part peat soil, and the topsoil is broken before mixing.
３． 2 points of type
After the seeds of Shazang germinate begin to grow roots, they can be planted. The substrate should be disinfected before seeding, and the substrate should be sprayed with a fungicide such as bacillus or carbendazim 1 day before planting to disinfect.
３． ２． 1 Pit tray seedlings Use 32-hole seedling trays with a size of 10cm × 12cm, after the nutrient soil is filled with the pits, the acupuncture discs are neatly placed on the seedbed, and the number of placements in each row depends on the convenience of operation and the width of the seedbed. Make a hole in the substrate with a bamboo stick, put the seeds of the long roots into the hole, and cover the substrate. After the on-demand is complete, soak through the water.
３． ２． 2 Nutrition bag seedlings Cultivate 1-year-old large fruit stone pen wood seedlings, generally choose 12cm × 15cm specification nursery bags. The mixed substrate is packed into seedling bags, filled with compaction, and placed one bag after another on the seedbed, and 13 to 15 seedling bags filled with substrate are placed in each row, and the specific number of placements depends on the width of the seedbed. After the nutrition bag filled with nutrient soil is placed, the soil should be cultivated around the seedbed, and the height of the soil is about 1/3 of the height of the nutrient bag. Make a hole in the substrate with a bamboo stick and place the seeds with long roots into the hole, rooting down, covering the substrate. After the on-demand is complete, soak through the water.
4 Seedling management
４． 1 Irrigation
During the germination period, keep the substrate moist and can be watered a small number of times. After the seedlings emerge, more water is needed, but it should be noted that each watering should be watered thoroughly, and the substrate should be dried before watering, generally 3 to 5 days watering once. During the rainy season, the number of watering should not be too much, so as not to cause root rot due to too wet substrate. In summer, it is hot and dry, depending on the degree of dryness and humidity of the substrate. Reduce watering and watering frequency in autumn and winter.
４． 2 Weeding
There are many weeds in spring, summer and autumn, so weeding should be weeded in time. Weeding is manually pulled, preferably on rainy days or in the evening. When pulling grass, try not to loosen the substrate near the root system of the seedlings, and if there is looseness, it should be compacted in time, and after pulling the grass, it is watered, and the substrate should be drenched.
４． 3 Fertilize
Fertilization is usually carried out after weeding. The growing season spray concentration can be 0. ３％～０． 5% aqueous solution of urea or compound fertilizer, generally fertilized once a month. After September, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer can be applied 1 to 2 times, and the fertilization can be stopped in winter.
5 Pest control
Prevention is the mainstay. Before seedlings are bred, most of the pests and diseases are removed by means of land preparation and disinfection of the substrate. During the seedling period, the occurrence of diseases and insect pests is reduced through scientific and reasonable management methods.
The seedling period of large fruit stone pen wood is 4-8 months, if it is not properly managed, it is prone to root rot and aphid pests. Root rot can be used with 30% methylellox 0. １％～０． Root irrigation at 125% concentration solution once a week. Aphids can be controlled with acetamiprid and imidacloprid, and 3% acetamidine emulsion is sprayed during the occurrence of aphids0. ０５％～０． 067% concentration of solution, or spray 5% imidacloprid emulsion 0. ０３３％～０． 05% concentration of the solution for control.