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Lion VS porcupine, starting from the African colonial era, piranhas and porcupines are also inseparable from the relationship between lion porcupines in the African colonial era behind the interactive piranha lions: the disaster of the porcupine in the arid area, the porcupine as an important prey of the lion was mostly slightly injured by the porcupine stab, occasionally fatal, and the young solitary male lion is more likely to be stabbed by the porcupine

The interaction between lions and porcupines has a long history, as early as 2600 years ago, Aesop dictated the interaction between lions and thorns in Aesop's Fables, and there were detailed records of lion porcupine interactions in Africa in the 17th century. On the surface, it is not as good as leopards, in fact, there are many, and even in some areas, porcupines are as high as 40.8% of lion feeding habits, of course, there are many areas that do not exceed 5%. Why is there such a big difference? What is the relationship between the man-eating lion and the porcupine, and why can't it be separated?

Lion VS porcupine, starting from the African colonial era, piranhas and porcupines are also inseparable from the relationship between lion porcupines in the African colonial era behind the interactive piranha lions: the disaster of the porcupine in the arid area, the porcupine as an important prey of the lion was mostly slightly injured by the porcupine stab, occasionally fatal, and the young solitary male lion is more likely to be stabbed by the porcupine

Lions interact with porcupine / Figure Philip Igris

<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > lion porcupine interaction in The African Colonial Era</h1>

The interaction between lions and porcupines has a long history, as early as 2600 years ago, Aesop dictated the interaction between lions and thorns in Aesop's Fables. In the 2nd century, Elianus devoted the interaction of lions and porcupines to the first time.

In the 17th century, between 1652 and 1662, Jan Van Ribeck, commander of the Cape Town of the Dutch East India Company, recorded for the first time in his personal diary the interaction of lions and porcupines in sub-Saharan Africa. On 16 June 1656, he recorded that an adult male lion killed in Cape Town contained porcupine spines and legs in its stomach. On July 28-29, 1656, a hungry old lion was shot for killing a cow and found many thorns in its skin. On August 19, 1656, Jan Van Ribeck wrote that "a lion was found dead on the beach, and a porcupine thorn up to 2 hands length was deeply inserted into the chest. After peeling, a serious stab wound was found, apparently killed by a porcupine. This is the third lion he wrote about to be killed by a porcupine.

Lion VS porcupine, starting from the African colonial era, piranhas and porcupines are also inseparable from the relationship between lion porcupines in the African colonial era behind the interactive piranha lions: the disaster of the porcupine in the arid area, the porcupine as an important prey of the lion was mostly slightly injured by the porcupine stab, occasionally fatal, and the young solitary male lion is more likely to be stabbed by the porcupine

Arrive at Jan Van Ribek in Cape Town

These three early oral accounts describe the lion's predation and recoil of the porcupine, indicating that the porcupine was the lion's prey, but also the most dangerous prey.

<h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > behind the man-eating lion: the curse of the porcupine</h1>

In the 19th century, the Chavo man-eating double lion, which killed 135 workers in a row, is not unfamiliar to many friends, and even mentions it is still creepy, and there are also 2 piranha lions in Kenya in 1965: Darajani piranha lion and FMNH 213656, although they are not well-known compared to the former, but the last 2 piranha lions have commonalities and are inseparable from porcupines.

The Darajani piranha lion was killed on 6 January 1965 after killing a local hunter, and an autopsy revealed a young adult lion with a sparse mane and a thin bone, about 4 years old. Notably, an extra-long porcupine spine was inserted into his left nostril, and the chest and shoulders were no exception, with several spines inserted.

Lion VS porcupine, starting from the African colonial era, piranhas and porcupines are also inseparable from the relationship between lion porcupines in the African colonial era behind the interactive piranha lions: the disaster of the porcupine in the arid area, the porcupine as an important prey of the lion was mostly slightly injured by the porcupine stab, occasionally fatal, and the young solitary male lion is more likely to be stabbed by the porcupine

Darajani man-eating lion is photographed being killed with an extra-long porcupine spine in the left nasal cavity

Lion VS porcupine, starting from the African colonial era, piranhas and porcupines are also inseparable from the relationship between lion porcupines in the African colonial era behind the interactive piranha lions: the disaster of the porcupine in the arid area, the porcupine as an important prey of the lion was mostly slightly injured by the porcupine stab, occasionally fatal, and the young solitary male lion is more likely to be stabbed by the porcupine

A porcupine spine that is broken into 2 sections, inserted into the left nasal cavity of the lion on the right side and exposed on the left

After measurement, the porcupine spine inserted into the left nasal cavity is 239mm long, of which 159mm is embedded, the tip is intact, and the remaining 80mm is exposed and curved, most likely due to repeated impacts, and it is possible to imagine unbearable pain by looking at the picture.

Another notorious man-eating lion FMNH 213656 in Kenya in 1965 was also inextricably linked to porcupine. The autopsy found a 29.6 mm long and 7.4 mm diameter porcupine spine firmly inserted into the pulp cavity of the left lower canine tooth, after which the porcupine spine ruptured under pressure, the injury enlarged, and the gum abscess was swollen. Apparently, the 2 man-eating lions were either injured by the porcupine or ate the porcupine.

Lion VS porcupine, starting from the African colonial era, piranhas and porcupines are also inseparable from the relationship between lion porcupines in the African colonial era behind the interactive piranha lions: the disaster of the porcupine in the arid area, the porcupine as an important prey of the lion was mostly slightly injured by the porcupine stab, occasionally fatal, and the young solitary male lion is more likely to be stabbed by the porcupine

The front of the lower jaw of the Kenyan piranha FMNH213656 is a crown section of a CT scan showing that the canine gums were injured by porcupines

There are data suggesting that lions stabbed by porcupines will change their hunting behavior, including Darajani and the man-eating lion FMNH 213656. Because they can't hunt fast prey, they may gradually turn to easier targets, such as domestic animals and people. After The Gary Forest Asiatic lions were stabbed by porcupines, some became domestic cattle killers.

< h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > arid area, where porcupine is an important prey for lions</h1>

In areas where prey is abundant, lions rarely prey porcupines, but in arid areas where prey is insufficient, the frequency of predation is greatly increased. A variety of variables affect the interaction between the two species, including precipitation, drought, artificial drilling, animal feed, and prey biomass.

In arid areas with an average annual precipitation of less than 350 mm, such as the Kalahari Oryx National Park, the Kagragti Crossing National Park and other areas, the average proportion of porcupine in lion feeding is 28.1%, sometimes up to 40.3%. In ecosystems with an average annual precipitation of more than 350 mm, such as national parks such as Etosha, Chobe and Serengeti, the proportion of porcupines is much lower, averaging only 3.8%.

Lion VS porcupine, starting from the African colonial era, piranhas and porcupines are also inseparable from the relationship between lion porcupines in the African colonial era behind the interactive piranha lions: the disaster of the porcupine in the arid area, the porcupine as an important prey of the lion was mostly slightly injured by the porcupine stab, occasionally fatal, and the young solitary male lion is more likely to be stabbed by the porcupine

The frequency of lion predation on porcupines is related to precipitation and prey biomass

Why is there such a big difference? High precipitation tends to coincide with high prey biomass, and areas with abundant precipitation have lush vegetation and a large number of herbivores that naturally feed on it. Typical of the arid Kalahari, porcupines are not only important prey for lions, but also leopards. There was once a male leopard who killed 4 porcupines in 12 days, all of which were killed out of the hole. Even scavenger brown hyena feces contain porcupine residue.

Lion VS porcupine, starting from the African colonial era, piranhas and porcupines are also inseparable from the relationship between lion porcupines in the African colonial era behind the interactive piranha lions: the disaster of the porcupine in the arid area, the porcupine as an important prey of the lion was mostly slightly injured by the porcupine stab, occasionally fatal, and the young solitary male lion is more likely to be stabbed by the porcupine

Even in the same area, lions occupy different geographical locations and hunt porcupines differently. For example, the Desert Lion Group of the Kalahari and the Nosobo River Lion Group, the former have no wildebeest distribution range, and the latter has. Desert lion herds of porcupines account for 25.6-40.8%, wildebeests less than 4%,while nosobo river lion herds of porcupines account for less than 2.2% and wildebeests 37%. In addition, the fact that lions in severely arid areas are more susceptible to purcupine stabbing also indicates that porcupines are more frequently preyed upon. The Kenyan piranha double lion in 1965 and the adult chamois zavo female lion who was rescued in early 2010 and early 2011 were both driest, further suggesting that the drought forced lions to prey on porcupines.

< h1 class = "pgc-h-arrow-right" > mostly minorly injured by porcupine stabs, occasionally fatal, and young solitary male lions are more likely to be stabbed by porcupines</h1>

There are no studies on the frequency of lions being stabbed by porcupines, but at least 21 reports of stabbings, at least 20 lions stabbed and 10 dead were reported in the more than half-century of interactive literature recorded from 1960 to May 2016. From May 1, 2008 to May 1, 2016, media networks reported 12 lion-porcupine interactions, and at least 20 lions were stabbed.

Lion VS porcupine, starting from the African colonial era, piranhas and porcupines are also inseparable from the relationship between lion porcupines in the African colonial era behind the interactive piranha lions: the disaster of the porcupine in the arid area, the porcupine as an important prey of the lion was mostly slightly injured by the porcupine stab, occasionally fatal, and the young solitary male lion is more likely to be stabbed by the porcupine

More than half a century of interactive literature of the lion porcupine from 1960 to May 2016

Lion VS porcupine, starting from the African colonial era, piranhas and porcupines are also inseparable from the relationship between lion porcupines in the African colonial era behind the interactive piranha lions: the disaster of the porcupine in the arid area, the porcupine as an important prey of the lion was mostly slightly injured by the porcupine stab, occasionally fatal, and the young solitary male lion is more likely to be stabbed by the porcupine

Lion Porcupin Interactive Media Network Record from May 1, 2008 to May 1, 2016

Lions that are stabbed by porcupines are mostly minorly injured and can generally pull out the spines on their noses or claws on their own. Lions in a lion colony are able to help each other pull thorns, but are unfriendly to lions living alone, including spreading wandering sub-adults who are more susceptible to porcupine spines. Young males are inherently adventurous, and many species are, and this is no exception among lions.

Lion VS porcupine, starting from the African colonial era, piranhas and porcupines are also inseparable from the relationship between lion porcupines in the African colonial era behind the interactive piranha lions: the disaster of the porcupine in the arid area, the porcupine as an important prey of the lion was mostly slightly injured by the porcupine stab, occasionally fatal, and the young solitary male lion is more likely to be stabbed by the porcupine

Companion helps to pluck the thorn / Tulippe Igris

Lions stabbed by porcupines are not systematically studied, only anecdotes. Stevenson Hamilton, who served as an ranger in Kruger National Park for 44 years, recounts several lions that were stabbed by porcupines and turned to attack humans or domestic horses. As far as he knew, there were very few old lions stabbed by porcupines, and more young, young and strong male lions. The former is experienced and rarely stabd; the latter is found almost incapacitated, skinny and bone-clad, and apparently unable to hunt or able to catch very few prey. Lionesses rarely encounter this embarrassment, probably because lionesses generally stay in the lion group and hunt collectively, unlike male lions who often hunt alone.

The lion that was seriously injured by the porcupine to death was not a sudden death, but more of a sepsis and starvation, a slow process, but also a painful process.

Lion VS porcupine, starting from the African colonial era, piranhas and porcupines are also inseparable from the relationship between lion porcupines in the African colonial era behind the interactive piranha lions: the disaster of the porcupine in the arid area, the porcupine as an important prey of the lion was mostly slightly injured by the porcupine stab, occasionally fatal, and the young solitary male lion is more likely to be stabbed by the porcupine

In short, the sadistic interaction between lions and porcupines is more in arid areas with less than 350mm of precipitation, and the drought caused by climate anomalies also forces lions to turn to prey on porcupines; in areas with abundant precipitation and many prey, intelligent and witty lions do not care to interact with them in depth, only those little lions who are not dry, obviously they are also difficult to eat good fruit. Lions stabbed by porcupines are mostly slightly injured, and a few are seriously injured and die, but the lions in the stabbing may turn to prey on livestock, humans, and become livestock killers and even man-eating lions.

The interaction between big cats and porcupines actually has many similarities, which can be combined with the cougar and the porcupine demon mountain lion written the other day: three years to hunt the great basin porcupine to almost extinction

Citations

LION-PORCUPINE INTERACTIONS IN AFRICA, INCLUDING IMPACTS ON LION PREDATORY BEHAVIOR

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