1. What are the main breeds of fine wool sheep in China?
(1) The main breeds of fine wool sheep cultivated in China are: Chinese Merino sheep, Xinjiang fine wool sheep, Xinji fine wool sheep, Northeast fine wool sheep, Gansu alpine fine wool sheep, Inner Mongolia fine wool sheep and Ao Han fine wool sheep. The introduced breeds include Australian Merino sheep, Polvas sheep, Combek sheep, Caucasian fine wool sheep, Staat sheep, Soviet Merino sheep, Altai sheep, German Merino sheep, New Zealand Merino sheep, South African Merino sheep and Komo sheep.
(2) The semi-fine wool sheep breeds cultivated in China are: Liangshan semi-fine wool sheep, Yunnan semi-fine wool sheep, Qinghai Plateau semi-fine wool sheep and Northeast semi-fine wool sheep. The introduced semi-fine wool sheep breeds include Romney sheep, Border Leicester sheep and Cigai sheep.
2. What is a fine wool sheep? What is an ultra-fine fine wool sheep?
(1) Fine wool sheep: The sheep breed of sheep with a fiber diameter of less than 25 microns or more than 60 hairs produced by the main parts of the body of the sheep is called fine wool sheep. According to the production direction, it is divided into gross type, meat type and combined use type.
Fine-haired sheep have a strong physique and a well-proportioned structure. Rams have spiral or hornless horns, 1 to 2 complete or incomplete folds or skirts on the neck, and ewes have hornless or small horns, and the neck has longitudinal wrinkles or skirt wrinkles. The head is of moderate size, the back and waist are straight, the chest is wide and deep, and the body is long. The terrier is well closed, and the hairs grow to the two eyes or slightly lower, the forelimbs to the wrist joint, and the hind limbs to the flying joints.
(2) Ultra-fine fine wool sheep: belongs to the wool type sheep, fiber diameter of less than 19 microns, the general body is slightly smaller, with good uniformity of the capillary, soft feel, good gloss, high net grossness characteristics. 3. What is cashmere?
Cashmere is the bottom fluff fiber obtained from the double-layered coat structure of the sheep, with an average diameter of 18 microns to 22 microns, and the strength is higher than that of cashmere, with obvious curvature. Under the microscope, the center of the cashmere is not empty, the scales are dense and regularly arranged, the edges of the scales are largely angled, and the feel is rough.
4. What are the characteristics and uses of fine wool?
Wool is an important raw material for the textile industry, with good elasticity, strong moisture absorption, good warmth, not easy to dye, soft luster and other advantages. These excellent characteristics make wool can be used to weave a variety of high-grade clothing fabrics and industrial woolen wool, felt, blankets, padding materials and so on. In addition, it can also be used to weave various decorations such as tapestries, carpets, etc.
5. What is the uniformity of the capillary?
The uniformity of the sheep by the capillary has two meanings: one is the uniformity of the coat fineness of the main part of the sheep, and the other is the uniformity of the fineness of the wool fibers in the wool bush of the sheep.
(1) The uniformity of the fine wool sheep directly affects the breeding value of fine wool sheep, and plays a key role in the selection or elimination of sheep.
(2) The uniformity of wool fibers in the coat bush of fine wool directly affects the average fineness of the wool fibers, which plays a key role in the quality of the wool sheep, that is to say, the size of the discrete coefficient of the fineness of the wool fibers directly affects the economic value of the wool sheep.
6. What is wool bending?
In its natural state, wool fibers have regular curls along its longitudinal axis, often referred to as wool bending. There are three types of bending: large, medium and small. Judging by the number of bends within each centimeter of the length of the wool, the large bend refers to 3 bends or less; the middle bend refers to 4 to 5 bends; and the small bend refers to more than 6 bends. The bend is written in Hanyu Pinyin, and the obviousness of the bend is expressed in 3, 2, and 1.
W3 – Normal bending (semicircular in radians). The top of the hairy bush to the root is curved significantly and the size is uniform.
W2 - Normal bending. The top of the hairy bush to the root is less curved and the size is uniform.
W1 - Inconspicuous or abnormal bending.
7. What is the habit and adaptability of fine wool sheep?
Fine wool sheep belong to the grass-fed livestock, good grazing performance, like to be gregarious, timid and docile, like dry and wet; generally eat during the day, lie quietly at night, and the mother animal has good lactation performance. Rams are aggressive but easy to adjust, and their actions and vigilance outshine the ewe.
Fine wool sheep are adapted to arid and semi-arid climatic conditions, as well as to dry and cold areas. Poor adaptability to hot and humid environments. The suitable temperature is 8 °C ~ 22 °C; the suitable humidity is 50% ~ 75%; Australian fine wool sheep are mainly distributed in the precipitation area of 250 mm ~ 700 mm, China's fine wool sheep are mainly distributed in the precipitation area of 150 mm ~ 700 mm, the grass type is grass short grass and associated legume forage, the bush should not be too much, the protein in the pasture is abundant, and the supply of forage is balanced throughout the year.
8. How old should the first sheep be? How is the mating time determined?
(1) The initial age of fine wool sheep: The sexual maturity period of fine wool sheep is generally 5 months to 10 months old, and the performance is slightly different due to the influence of genetic, climatic and nutritional factors of the breed. The initial mating age is mostly 12 months to 18 months old, and when the individual weight reaches 70% of the adult weight, the first mating is more appropriate.
(2) Breeding time of fine wool sheep: it should be determined according to local natural conditions and feeding management conditions. Fine wool sheep are lambed 145 to 155 days after breeding. Winter lamb production should be seeded at the end of July and early August; early spring lamb production should be carried out in early September; and late spring lamb production should be carried out in mid-October and ended at the end of November. Where the feeding conditions are good, the forage is sufficient, the production of winter lambs is advocated, and after summer grazing, the ewe is good, the estrus is obvious, the ovulation is more, and it is easy to be fertile. Where conditions are poor, where the reserves of forage are small, it is advisable to match the early spring lamb.
9. How to identify fine wool sheep estrus?
The external manifestations of fine wool sheep during estrus are less obvious, mainly manifested as excitement and activity; loss of appetite, significant reduction in rumination and feeding time; frequent urination, wagging tail from time to time, vulva redness and swelling; ewes crawling between each other and loving to approach the ram; and standing still when accepting ram climbing.
(1) Vaginal examination: insert the opener into the vagina of the ewe, observe the changes in the vaginal mucosa, secretions and cervical opening to judge. If the color of the ewe's vaginal mucosa is flushed and hyperemic, the secretion of mucus increases, the cervix is red and swollen, the vagina is lax and other symptoms, it can be determined that the ewe has estrus. If vaginal discharge decreases or turns yellow, the sheep's estrus period has passed.
(2) Ram trial: use the ram to test the ewe, according to the ewe's behavior response to the ram, the quiet estrus of the fine wool sheep is more, and the ram trial method is often taken to identify whether the ewe is in heat. If the ewe shows active proximity to the ram, the tail swings or closely follows the ram, and at the same time is close to the ram and accepts the ram's climbing span, it is a estrus ewe, generally using two trials in the morning and evening.
10. What are the factors that affect the estrus of fine wool sheep and ewes?
(1) Lighting: The change of the length of light time has a more obvious impact on the sexual activity of fine wool sheep. Generally speaking, in the process of changing from long sunshine to short sunshine, with the shortening of the light time, it can promote fine wool sheep estrus.
(2) Temperature and humidity: The influence of temperature and humidity on the estrus of fine wool sheep is relatively secondary compared with light, and generally delays the estrus of sheep under the condition of relatively high temperature and high humidity.
(3) Nutrition: Before entering the estrus season, strengthening the feeding management of fine wool sheep can promote the estrus of the ewe; good nutritional conditions are conducive to maintaining the normal level and function of reproductive hormones, so that the ewe enters the estrus season early.
(4) Reproductive hormones: The estrus performance and estrus cycle of ewes are controlled by endocrine reproductive hormones, of which the main role is the follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland.
11. How can I be sure that the ewe is pregnant?
After breeding, the ewe should be diagnosed with pregnancy as soon as possible, and the empty ewe is found, and supplementary measures are taken in time. The method of judgment is as follows.
(1) The ewe no longer has estrus for 2 to 3 weeks after breeding, and it is initially concluded that she is pregnant.
(2) When the ewe is 2 months to 3 months pregnant, touch the abdomen with her hands, and there is a hard lump in front of the breast. At this time, the ewe's appetite increases, the coat color is shiny, and the body gradually becomes obese. At 4 to 5 months of gestation, the fetus grows and develops rapidly in the abdomen, the ewe has a large abdomen, the gizzard is sunken, and the breast is enlarged. Deep grooves appear on the horns, and the movement is careful and slow, and the temperament is gentle. Nutrition should be strengthened at this stage to prevent miscarriage.
(3) B ultrasound diagnosis, 40 days to 45 days after breeding of ewes, with B ultrasound for examination.
12. What are the nutritional needs of fine wool sheep?
(1) Energy: Carbohydrates in the diet are the main form of energy conversion. Fine-haired sheep rely on the fermentation of rumen microorganisms to convert carbohydrates into volatile fatty acids to meet the sheep's energy needs.
(2) Protein: Protein is an important raw material for the growth and repair of sheep body tissue. At the same time, various enzymes, endocrine, pigments and antibodies in the sheep are mostly derivatives of amino acids. Without protein, life cannot be sustained.
(3) Minerals: In order to maintain normal metabolic activities, fine wool sheep need to consume certain minerals. A certain level of mineral content must be guaranteed in daily rearing. The minerals most susceptible to deficiencies in fine wool sheep are calcium, phosphorus and table salt. In addition, essential mineral trace elements should be supplemented.
(4) Vitamins: Fine wool sheep also consume certain vitamins when maintaining feeding, which must be supplemented by feed, especially vitamin A and vitamin D.
(5) Drinking water: providing sufficient and hygienic drinking water is an important condition for the normal production and survival of fine wool sheep.
13. What are the commonly used energy feeds for fine wool sheep? What are the commonly used protein feeds?
(1) The energy feed commonly used by fine wool sheep includes corn, sorghum, oats, etc.
Corn: good palatability, easy to digest, is an energy feed, contains more than 70% starch, but also contains a small amount of fat and carotene, is a good feed.
Sorghum: It is an energy feed with more starch, and other nutrients are worse than corn. Because of the tannic acid, the palatability is poor, if long-term feeding should be combined with other concentrates.
Oats: high nutritional value, more protein, with light texture, contain more crude fiber characteristics, easy to evacuate in the stomach, easy to digest.
(2) Protein feed: it is one of the indispensable feed components in fine wool sheep feed, especially the growth and development period of lambs and the nutritional needs of ewes before pregnancy are particularly important. Protein feed mainly includes soybean cake (meal), cotton cake, vegetable cake, sunflower cake and so on.
Soybean cake (meal): contains more than 40% crude protein, and the amount added to the diet of fine wool sheep should not exceed
20%。
Cotton cake (meal): Shelled pressed or dipped cotton cake contains about 10% crude fiber, crude protein 32% to 40%; shelled cotton cake contains crude fiber up to 15% to 20%, crude protein about 20%. Cotton cake contains toxins such as free gossypol, and long-term large-scale feeding (feeding more than 1 kg a day) can cause poisoning. The amount added to the lamb diet generally does not exceed 20%.
Vegetable cake (meal): contains about 36% crude protein, rich in minerals and vitamins than soybean cake, higher in phosphorus, and 6 times higher in selenium than in soybean cake. The vegetable cake contains mustard toxin, and it is best not to feed lambs and pregnant sheep.
Sunflower cake (meal): Hulled pressed or impregnated cake meal contains about 45% crude protein, and the energy is lower than that of other cake meals; shelled cake meal contains more than 30% crude protein and about 22% crude fiber, and the nutritional value of feeding sheep is similar to that of cotton cake.
14. What are the commonly used roughages for fine wool sheep? What are the nutritional properties?
Coarse feed commonly used by fine wool sheep are wheat bran, rice bran, rice bran and corn bran, etc., which are processing by-products of cereals, nutritional characteristics include: nitrogen-free extract is lower than grain fruit, accounting for 40% to 50%, similar to peas and broad beans; the quantity and quality of crude protein are between the legume fruit and the grass fruit; the crude fiber content is more than the fruit, accounting for about 10%; rice bran contains more fat, accounting for about 10%; minerals, phosphorus content is more (more than 1%), calcium content is very small, about 0.1%; vitamin B1, The content of niacin and the like is more abundant.
Coarse feed nitrogen extract is low, good palatability, fluffy texture, high nutritional value, wide range of use, especially the high content of crude protein, minerals and vitamins, is one of the good feed sources for sheep.
15. What are the commonly used juicy feeds for fine wool sheep? What are the residue feeds that can be used?
(1) Juicy feed commonly used by fine wool sheep: carrots, sweet potatoes, potatoes, beets, turnips, zucchini, pumpkin and silage, barley malt, etc. This kind of feed contains more moisture, crunchy and juicy, rich in vitamins and sugars, less crude fiber, good palatability, easy to digest, can promote lactation, improve health, is an indispensable feed during the wintering of fine wool sheep. When feeding, it should be washed first, cut into small pieces, or cut into slices, filaments, and when the block is large, it is easy to cause esophageal infarction. Sweet potatoes infected with black spot disease and sprouted potatoes cannot be fed to fine wool sheep, otherwise it is easy to cause black spot poisoning or dragon sunflower poisoning in fine wool sheep.
(2) Dregs feed: sugar residue, beet residue, lees, beer lees and tofu residue, sauce residue, powder residue, fine wool sheep can be used. The dry matter content in the sugar residue is 22% to 28%, which should be gradually increased when feeding, so that fine wool sheep can adapt. Beet residue is easy to cause diarrhea in sheep, and the amount of feeding should be controlled. When the lees first leave the factory, the water content is very high, 64% to 76%, and it is often dried or silaged for preservation. Among the by-products of tofu residue, sauce residue and powder residue, due to the high moisture content, it is not easy to store, and it is used as fresh as possible. Pulses contain antitrypsin and goiter-producing substances such as saponin and hemagglutinin, which are best treated with appropriate heat when used.
16. How do fine wool sheep use alfalfa? How is straw used?
Alfalfa is a perennial forage of the legume family, which is rich in nutrients and palatability, and is a good protein and vitamin supplement feed for fine wool sheep. It can be fed fresh, silage, hay, and processed with grass chunks, grass pellets and grass powder. The use of alfalfa grass powder instead of straw fattening lambs can increase daily weight gain by 75%. When feeding fine wool sheep with alfalfa grass, the amount of food intake should be controlled to prevent rumen bloating.
The straw feeds that can be used by fine wool sheep mainly include corn straw, straw, wheat straw, grain grass and bean straw. Its feeding method: the straw and pasture are crushed, mixed according to 2/3 of the straw powder, 1/3 of the leguminous grass powder, mixed with 35 °C ~ 40 °C warm water, piled up, covered with plastic film, fermented for 20 hours to 24 hours, when the temperature in the haystack reaches 43 °C ~ 45 °C, you can smell the koji flavor that is, the fermentation is successful. In the future, each production should leave some fermented grass powder as a primer, which can shorten the fermentation time, and some trace elements, salt, refined feed, and carrots can be added appropriately before feeding. Each time you make fermented grass powder, you should feed it within 1 to 2 days to avoid mold and deterioration.
17. How do fine wool sheep supplement calcium and phosphorus?
In the grazing season, fine wool sheep eat a large number of green feed, plant types, nutrients are relatively complete, calcium, phosphorus content can meet the needs of sheep growth and production, generally do not need to supplement. However, when the fine wool sheep are pregnant, nursing, breeding, or house feeding, semi-house feeding, calcium and phosphorus supplementation is required. For example, breeding rams are fed 5 grams to 10 grams of bone meal every day, and other sheep are 3 grams to 5 grams, mixed with refined feed and fed. Sheep that do not supplement with refined feed can be freely licked with licking bricks made of salt, minerals and trace elements.
18. How to rationally use cotton cakes and cotton shells for fine wool sheep?
Cotton cake contains 22% to 50% crude protein, but also contains toxic substances such as gossypol, and the cotton cake and cotton wool shell fed to sheep can not exceed 20% of the diet. When cotton cakes are fed to sheep, they must first be detoxified.
Detoxification method: each 100 kg of cotton cake with 0.2% ~ 0.4% ferrous sulfate solution 2 kg ~ 3 kg, in the process of oil pressing evenly sprayed in the cotton cake can be detoxified; with 0.5% ~ 1.0% ferrous sulfate solution, soaked cotton cake for 24 hours, with water together to feed the sheep, the detoxification rate is 50% ~ 90%; the cotton cake is steamed for 2 hours to 3 hours can be detoxified; the cotton cake is added to the 1.0% ferrous sulfate and 1.5% calcium hydroxide, and the effect can also be detoxified for 4 hours under 15 °C conditions.
19. How to design a sheep barn?
According to the biological learning of sheep that is resistant to cold, avoid dampness and heat, the design of the sheep coop should consider the principles of insulation, no thief wind and dry, transparent and ventilated in the house.
(1) Height of the sheep house: according to the climate and business habits of the feeding area. In warm areas with relatively small seasonal temperature differences, the height of the wall should be 2.8 meters to 3 meters, and the height of the wall in cold areas should be 2.4 meters to 2.6 meters.
(2) Roof: In addition to the winter house in warmer areas, the summer can be used as a pergola to be slightly simpler, and can be built with wood and mud; in cold areas, the roof can be capped with tiles and closed tighter.
(3) Doors and windows: sheep into the round good crowded, with double doors. The width of the door is 2.2 meters to 2.3 meters, and the height is 1.8 meters, which is convenient for the access of fecal removal vehicles. The number of gates is set according to the length of the sheep house and the number of sheep, and the general long sheep house is not less than 2 doors. The threshold should be at the same height as the ground inside the house, and the ground inside the house should be higher than the ground of the sports field outside the house to prevent the backflow of rainwater.
(4) Window area: According to the climatic conditions of various places, the ratio of the general window area to the area of the sheep house is 1:15, the height is 0.5 meters to 1 meter, and the width is 1 meter to 1.2 meters. Breeding rams and adult ewes should be appropriately larger, and the lambing room or breeding sheep should be smaller.
(5) Wall: According to the economic conditions to determine the material, all brick and wood structures or civil structures can be. Whatever the construction, be robust and durable. In humid and rainy areas, the base and corners of the wall can be built with stone and brick at a certain height, and the upper side is built with adobe or earthen walls, that is, buildings with boots and hats. In areas where wood is in short supply, brick vaulted sheep houses can also be used, which is both economical and practical.
(6) Ground: clay or sand surface, easy to remove feces or replace the soil, but requires flat and dry.
20. What are the precautions for building plastic film shacks?
(1) The plastic film itself has impermeability, when the temperature is low, the gas exhaled by the sheep only freezes into frost in the inside of the shed, the temperature increases during the day, and the frost begins to melt, one is to flow down the slope of the shed, and the other is to drip water into the shed, so waterproof facilities should be set up in the closed place at both ends of the shed. The ground should be frequently changed to pad the soil to avoid moisture in the house and prevent various diseases caused to the sheep due to high humidity.
(2) The plastic film shed should be equipped with ventilation holes, that is, a ventilation window that can be switched on and off on both sides of the original simple greenhouse 1.5 meters from the ground, and two switchable air windows of 1 meter square on the roof of the shed to eliminate the accumulated water vapor.
(3) Open the ventilation window before grazing, so that the internal and external temperature gradually reaches a balance and then leaves the house, so as to prevent the ambassador sheep from catching a cold due to the internal and external temperature difference.
(4) When grazing cattle every day, try to make the shelter ventilated and wet, and close the ventilation window when the weather becomes cold in the afternoon, so as to increase the temperature in the house and welcome the sheep into the house.
(5) According to regional differences, the orientation of the plastic film shed should be different, but it must be ensured that the sheep have sufficient light.
21. What are the characteristics of breeding management of fine wool sheep in the house?
(1) Apply premixes, concentrate supplements and full-price mixed diet formulas to replenish nitrogen, sulfur, protein and energy in a timely manner to ensure the normal performance of fine wool sheep production performance.
(2) Adopt the feeding method of timing and quantitative, less to the diligent addition, first coarse and then refined.
(3) The coarse material should be short but not made into grass flour for feeding, and the concentrate should not be fed whole grain, nor should it be crushed too finely.
22. How to raise and manage fine wool sheep breeding rams?
The number of breeding rams is small, but the breeding value is high, and the impact on offspring is large, so the requirements for breeding are relatively fine. It should maintain a strong physical condition all year round, good nutrition and not fat, so as to ensure strong sexual desire, excellent semen quality and improve the utilization rate of breeding rams during the breeding period.
(1) Breeding management in the non-breeding period: Breeding rams in the non-breeding period should be supplemented with enough protein, minerals and vitamins in addition to providing sufficient heat energy. Feed 0.5 kg of mixed concentrate, 0.5 kg of carrots, 10 g of salt, 5 g of bone meal every day, and meet the supply of high-quality green hay.
(2) Breeding management of the breeding period: Breeding rams in the breeding period, 1 month to 1.5 months before entering the breeding period, should strengthen the nutrition of breeding rams, on the basis of general feeding management, gradually increase the supply of refined feed, and increase the proportion of protein feed, the amount of feeding is 60% to 70% of the standard of the breeding period. During the breeding period, daily feeding of mixed concentrate 0.8 kg to 1.5 kg, carrots 1 kg, salt 15 g, bone meal 10 g, an appropriate amount of green hay. After the end of the breeding period, the main thing is to restore physical strength, increase fat and regain strength, and the diet standard and feeding system should be gradually transitioned, and cannot change too much.
23. How to raise and manage fine wool sheep ewes?
In the year, according to the physiological characteristics of ewes and the different production cycles, the feeding of ewes can be divided into five stages: breeding preparation, pre-pregnancy, late pregnancy, pre-lactation and late lactation.
(1) Breeding management of the breeding preparation period: The breeding preparation period of the ewe should strengthen the grasping of the fat, and adopt measures such as feeding high-quality pasture, feeding salt in a timely manner, and satisfying drinking water. 2 to 3 weeks before breeding, in addition to green hay, the daily feeding of mixed concentrate 0.2 kg ~ 0.4 kg has a significant aphrodisiac effect, making the ewe in heat neat.
(2) Feeding management in the first trimester of pregnancy: in the first 3 months of pregnancy, the fetal development is slower, the required nutrition does not increase significantly, and the management should avoid eating frost grass and moldy feed, do not drink ice water, and prevent the ewe from running violently, so as to avoid miscarriage.
(3) Feeding management in the third trimester of pregnancy: In the second 2 months of pregnancy, the fetal development rate is very fast, and 90% of the nascent weight is completed at this stage. In order to ensure the normal development of the fetus and to store nutrients for postpartum breastfeeding, the feeding management of ewes should be strengthened. For ewes that produce lambs in winter and spring, on the basis of grazing, they should be supplied with mixed concentrate 0.3 kg to 0.5 kg, carrots 0.5 kg, salt 10 g, bone meal 5 g to 10 g and an appropriate amount of high-quality hay every day, so that the ewe weight increased by 170 g to 190 g per day. For ewes producing autumn lambs, in addition to strengthening grazing, a small amount of mixed concentrate and salt, bone meal, etc. should be appropriately fed according to the physical condition.
(4) Feeding management of ewes in the pre-lactation period: In the 2 months before breastfeeding, breast milk is the main source of nutrition for lambs, and 75% of the growth changes of lambs are related to the amount of breast milk, and each kilogram of fresh milk can increase the weight of lambs by about 0.176 kg. In order to meet the needs of lamb growth and development, it is necessary to strengthen ewe feeding and increase ewe lactation. At this time, the ewe is fed daily mixed concentrate 0.5 kg to 0.7 kg, carrots 0.5 kg, salt 12 g, bone meal 8 g to 10 g and high-quality green hay. For double lamb ewes, the amount of supplementary feeding should also be appropriately increased, but within 3 days after delivery, the mixture should be fed less to prevent indigestion and mastitis. After 1 week, the transition to normal standards is gradually restored, and the physical condition and the milk lamb are restored, while drinking water is guaranteed. In terms of management, it is necessary to be diligent in washing, cleaning frequently, and keeping the sheep house dry and clean.
(5) Feeding management in the late stage of ewe lactation: In the 2 months of late breastfeeding, the amount of milk produced by ewes gradually decreases, at this time, the lamb has been able to feed on crushed feed and a large amount of grass, and the degree of dependence on breast milk is reduced. At this stage, breast milk can only meet 5% to 10% of the nutrition of the lamb itself, and begin to shift the feeding focus to the lamb, and gradually feed the ewe normally.
24. How are lambs raised and managed? How to raise and manage the breeding sheep?
(1) Lamb feeding management: Lamb refers to sheep from birth to weaning (generally 4 months). The rearing management of lambs should pay attention to the feeding of lactating ewes, the rearing and management of lambs.
(1) Pre-breastfeeding management of lambs: From birth to 2 months of age, it is the pre-lactation stage of lambs. After the lamb is born, the lamb is first allowed to eat the colostrum, the colostrum is the milk that the ewe first secretes after lambing, it is rich in nutrients and antibodies such as protein and fat, has anti-disease and laxative effects, and plays an important role in enhancing the constitution of lambs, resisting diseases and excreting meconium. If the lambing ewe dies unexpectedly, it should also try to let the lamb eat the colostrum of other ewes, the motherless lone lamb should find a good nanny for it as soon as possible, apply milk or artificial milk supplement feeding to the lack of milk lamb, pay attention to temperature, feeding amount, time and hygiene, and do not feed corn paste and millet porridge, otherwise the lamb will cause diarrhea due to the lack of enzymes to digest starch.
15 days after the lamb is born, the lamb is trained to feed to promote the development of the anterior stomach and increase the source of nutrients. The lambs are separated separately and fed into a crushed mixture of feeds, and green hay and salt bricks are always prepared for free feeding, while ensuring adequate drinking water.
(2) Feeding management in the late stage of lamb breastfeeding: When the lamb is born 2 months later, due to the gradual decline in the milk production of the ewe, the feeding focus can be transferred to the lamb feeding, and the daily supplementary mixed concentrate is 200 grams to 250 grams, and the green hay is freely ingested. It is required that the refined protein content in the feed is 13% to 15%. Do not feed lambs large amounts of bran, otherwise they will cause urethral stones.
(2) Breeding management of breeding sheep: Breeding sheep refers to rams from weaning to primary mating, that is, 5 months old to 18 months old. Sheep only grow and develop most vigorously in the first year of life, and the quality of breeding management during this period will affect the future of the flock.
During the wintering period, in principle, the rearing of sheep is mainly supplemented by supplementary feeding, supplemented by grazing. First of all, to ensure that there is enough green hay and silage to feed, in addition to grazing every day, should be fed 0.2 kg ~ 0.3 kg of concentrate, night supplement 1 kg of hay. Insist on grazing during the day, and the distance of daily grazing exercise is not less than 4 km to 5 km. Table salt is mixed with minerals and trace elements in refined feed to ensure the supply of drinking water, so that the sheep can eat and drink enough and rest well.
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