In the eighth year of Xiantong (867) of the Tang Dynasty, Mao Wenxi's "Tea Recipe": "Dongshan, Puxi, and Tangnian Counties in Ezhou all produce tea, and the big tea is black like leek leaves, extremely soft, and cures headaches."
To this day, the people of Yanglou Cave in Puji (Chibi) still store tea bricks made of local black tea for the habit of treating headaches.
In ancient times, food was not easy to come by, and in order to ensure that the use of food was extended, and at the same time, in order to facilitate transportation and moisture-proof, many methods were accumulated over time. For example, tea, at the latest in the Three Kingdoms period, there was a way to make tea into a pie block. In the Eastern Jin Dynasty, tea fruit was popular, and Zhao Guangyi, emperor Taizong of the Northern Song Dynasty, developed the Dragon and Phoenix Tuan Tea, until the Ming Taizu Zhu Yuanzhang changed these teas that were pressed into lumps into loose teas.
Song Huizong, who reached the peak of calligraphy and painting, was also a good tea person, and wrote the "Great View of Tea", which listed in detail the real estate, time of day, picking, autoclaving, manufacturing, róng identification, etc., indicating that the tea making method was very mature at that time.
Yangloudong brick tea is well-known and is the most popular and best-selling tea on the Wanli Tea Ceremony. There are different theories about when its brick tea was produced. Since the Three Kingdoms period, the ancients had tea into a cake block, then no later than the Tang Dynasty began to make tea in YanglouDong must also have a set of production and storage methods, although today, it is impossible to verify, but it must be closely following the needs and popularity of the historical era and changes, pressing to make similar cake blocks, or tea fruits, or clumps.
Shanxi is very close to Beijing, and from the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, a group of Shanxi people came to Hanmeng Border Pass to engage in reclamation and border trade, just to make a living and paste. The Kaizhong system at the beginning of the Ming Dynasty promoted Jin merchants from peddlers to salt merchants, and their wealth increased rapidly.
During the years of Longqing and Wanli, Zhang Siwei of Puzhou served as the secretary of the Libu Shangshu and the tu counselor of Dongge University, the wang Chonggu official Ju Xuanda viceroy and bingbu Shangshu, and Ma Ziqiang served as the Libu Shangshu, and the three families had a marriage relationship with each other. Wang Chonggu worked in Hedong salt, Zhang Siwei's father was a large salt merchant in Changlu, thanks to the Kaizhong system, formed a salt merchant gang, controlled the salt profits in Hedong and Changlu, accumulated wealth of hundreds of millions, and the Jin merchants who started as poor peddlers began to occupy an important position in the Chinese merchant gangs.
Truly let JinShang leap into the head of China's business gang, rich enough to rival the country's chances. It benefited from the Jin Shang King Chonggu, Zhang Siwei, as well as the Longqing Emperor, the First Auxiliary Gao Gong, the Cabinet Zhang Juzheng, the Datong Inspector Fang Fengshi and others who took advantage of the opportunity to reach a "Longqing Peace Agreement" with the Mongolian Li Answer, and feng Gong Li Answer. After forming a friendly family with Mongolia, the border market was opened. The shrewd Jin merchants who lived in the border pass, gained the advantages of the time and place, and the fate of the people, opened up a "Wanli Tea Ceremony" that ran across the north and south, from Fujian, the southernmost part of the Central Plains, to Jiangxi, Hunan, Hubei, Henan, Hebei, Shanxi, Mongolia, and then from Zhangku Avenue to Russia and even Europe.
The goods on this Wanli Tea Ceremony, from satin to garlic, are all-encompassing, and the most profitable of them is the tea that is most needed in Europe from Mongolia to Russia. The Jin merchants reached the level of wealth and enemy of the country from selling tea, so that the Jin merchants, who were mainly hawkers, were the leaders of the merchant gangs named after the regional merchant gangs in Chinese history, leading the Merchants of Hui, Fujian, Guangdong, Zhejiang, Qin, lu and other merchants, and dominated for hundreds of years.
Gossip less, straight to the point, almost all the topics of "Wanli Tea Ceremony" are focused on the period of time in the middle and late Qing Dynasty, how was the Wanli Tea Ceremony formed, and where is the source? Rarely mentioned, only Jin Shang from his own development history, dragonflies like water mentioned the "Kaizhong system" and "Longqing Peace Conference".
Since the "Longqing Peace Talks" are so important in the Wanli Tea Ceremony, what is the matter?
Since ancient times, because of the demand for materials, the wars between various nationalities have been continuous, as the Romance of the Three Kingdoms said: The general trend of the world will be united for a long time, and it will be divided for a long time.
The entry and exit of materials from Yangloudong, the source of the Wanli Tea Ceremony, mainly starts from the Xindian River in the neighboring town of Xindian, and the garnet mouth on the shore of Huanggai Lake, which is only a few kilometers before the water, is the place where the first person of the "Longqing Peace Conference" and the first person to promote it, The Wanli Bingbu Shangshu Fang, was born at the right time. Only about ten kilometers further forward, you can directly enter the Ancient Battlefield of Chibi, the place where the famous "Chibi War" occurred in the Three Kingdoms period of history, and reach the Yangtze River waterway. This route has been an important water transportation route since ancient times, and it is also a necessary route for the Wanli Tea Ceremony to transport Yangloudong tea. Huanggai Lake is still one of the tea suppliers of Yangloudong Tea, the first brand of Wanli Tea Road.
On February 8 of the fourth year of Longqing, Fang Feng was then the inspector of Datong, and on March 6, he received a spy report, and the Mongols prepared to unite with other tribes to attack him on the eleventh day of the same month. The mighty Li Da defeated almost all his opponents on the grassland, and did not hesitate to use fierce attacks to establish his might against every newly appointed Central Plains commander. In this way, the battle against the previously weak Central Plains army was repeatedly and easily won, and Li Da has always been very confident and regards this attack as a trick on the Central Plains.
When he met Fang Fengshi, he completely ended his dream, and when he was prepared for Li Da, Fang Fengshi expected that Li Da would definitely use Ma Xichuan's plan, so he arranged for the overseer Chen Qixue to let Ma Fang garrison troops in Weiyuan and Guo Hu's troops in Shanxi come to the aid, Chen Qixue cooperated, no longer using the previous soldiers, and led Li Qixue into the encirclement. This time, the combat style of the Central Plains army was completely different from before, with sudden advances and retreats, virtual reality, and haunting, which made Li Da, Huang Taiji, Zhao Quan, and others dazzled, overwhelmed, completely confused, and did not know how to deal with it; not only did they attack the Central Plains troops without gaps, but they encountered strict defenses everywhere, were held back everywhere, and finally they were secretly ambushed by the Central Plains troops, and they lost their troops and had to flee into the wilderness. In this battle, the combined team of Li Da and Zhao Quan was beheaded sixteen leaders, and about 1,500 horses were confiscated by the Central Plains. Such a fiasco was something that Li Da had never encountered before, and for him it could be said that it was a nightmare of panic, and Li Da later exchanged friendship with the Central Plains, and the number of horses traded every year was only five hundred, which fully demonstrated the glory of the results of this battle.
The victory of the battle did not make Fang slack at any time, and the Mongols had been dominating the steppes for decades and had never taken the Central Plains into account. He attacked the Central Plains many times, plundered materials, and in the twenty-ninth year of Jiajing, the army approached Beijing, drove straight in, burned and plundered along the way, and no one dared to resist, which is known in history as the "change of Gengji". Forcing the Ming Dynasty to open Xuanfu and Datong border markets for material trading, due to the trade deficit, the Ming Dynasty unilaterally closed the border markets, resulting in the two sides to start a war again, and Mongolia's demand for materials in the Central Plains forced the war to continue unavoidably.
On the border, the private trade of supplies between the Central Plains and Mongolia never stopped. Moreover, the activists on the border of the Central Plains at this time were mainly Shanxi people from the hometown of Wang Chonggu, the governor of Xuanda, and Mongolia mainly provided leather goods, and the central plains were rich in materials, most of which were needed by Mongolia, although it was sneaky, and the transaction volume was not small. Most of these Shanxi people usually cultivate or work as small vendors on the border, while the Wang Chonggu family transports grain and other materials for the army in exchange for salt subsidies approved by the government, and then obtains wealth by selling the most profitable salt at that time.
Soldiers from all over the country also mostly carry their hometown items, Fang Was born near Yangloudong, his clan seat "Fangjia Ancestral Hall" in Linxiang Nie Town, Yangloudong Tea Production Area, the relationship between the Fang family and Yangloudong tea can be said to be very close, and even many people in the Fang family are producing, making, and selling Yangloudong tea. Because Yangloudong tea can cure headaches, it is basically a must-have for local residents' families and travel.
Everyone has a headache and brain fever, and the Fang Fengshi family and the hometown soldiers who follow him are no exception, often carrying Yangloudong tea with them, taking it out when needed, knocking on some fragments and boiling water for use. Patrons eat mountains, rely on water to eat water, to the border, high-fat beef and mutton make people a little tired, these hometown soldiers also often drink tea to relieve greasy, Mongolian border people at that time to drink horse milk mainly, although there are Sichuan and Shaanxi official tea exclusively for Tibet, Qinghai border people, Mongolians for the benefits of tea did not personally experience. The Main Purpose of the Mongolian Tea Invitation to the Central Plains was to trade with the Tibetans who had been inseparable from the Central Plains tea since the Tang Dynasty. "Fan people love cheese and can't have tea, then they are trapped and sick", the so-called Fan people refer to the ethnic minorities in the west who are mainly Tibetans.
The Ming Dynasty worried that if Mongolia could easily obtain Central Plains tea, once it was used to restrain Tibet, the north might cause unrest. Northern Di (Mongolia) Ruode, in order to make Fan, Fan will be from Di, Yi Afflicted Bandits" (Ming Shi • Food Chronicle IV), originally the Ming Dynasty itself has always practiced tea and horse exchange with the "Fan people" (Tibetans), officials and merchants use Central Plains tea in exchange for Tibetan horses, but also use tea to unite Tibet and other northern ethnic groups. Therefore, the Ming Dynasty would rather give some tea to the Mongols for free than allow them to open a tea market. The Ming Dynasty and the Fanren (Tibet) Tea Horse Mutual Market, ostensibly there was a government-designated Sichuan-Shaanxi official tea legal trade. Due to the great demand of Tibet and other ethnic groups, official tea is far from being satisfied, and smuggled tea has appeared at the same time as official tea. In the twelfth year of Jiajing (1533), the then inspector of Shaanxi, Yushi Guoxi, proposed to the court: "Every time a tea household picks new tea, it is turned into a square, infiltrates the Fan trade, and causes the official city to be depressed, and it is advisable to visit and govern." (Records of Emperor Ming Dynasty, Jiajing 12 February Gengzi) refers to shoes, which are used here as verbs, meaning to step. Stepping on the tea with your feet into a square should be brick tea. There are two pieces of information that can be obtained from this passage, one is that there was already brick tea pressed into squares at that time, and the second is that this brick tea is very popular, which actually causes the official tea officially designated for trading to be unsalable.
"This may be the beginning of China's manufacturing of brick tea" (Lu Weixin's "Black Brick Tea Origin Examination").
Yangloudong tea belongs to lake tea, and the smuggling of lake tea in the Ming Dynasty was not a matter of one or two days, and the "Minghui Classic Tea Lesson" records: In the second year of Hongzhi (1490), "it is ordered that in the future, the monks who pay tribute should enjoy tea and are not allowed to buy private tea in Huguang and other places, and all offenders will enter the official position." The "Minghui Dian Tea Class" records that in the second year of Hongzhi (1490), "ordered the future tribute monks to enjoy tea and not allow them to buy private tea in Huguang and other places, and all offenders were admitted to the government."
In the third year of Jiajing in the Ming Dynasty, that is, in 1524 AD, the Ming Imperial Envoy Chen Shuoyun said: "Shang tea is low and false, and black tea is zheng ... The official and commercial are divided, the official tea is easy to ma, and the commercial tea is bought. According to the "Ming Shi Food And Goods Chronicle", "In the thirteenth year of the Shenzong Wanli Calendar, that is, in 1585 AD,-- the tea yima, but Hanzhong Boryeong, and hunan tea, its direct cheap, merchants led cross-border smuggling." It can be seen that at that time, Lake Tea has been entering the market in a semi-open and semi-smuggled manner.
Fang Feng, who is experienced in the official field, turned his eyes to the smuggling transactions on the border, closed his eyes and acquiesced, and saw that the border people on the border had a strong desire for each other's materials, and Fang Fengshi had quite sympathy. The Fang family not only helped the government in the waters of Huanggai Lake, but also had their own business. Due to the good management, by the time of Fang Heng's father Fang Heng's generation, most of the Jiayu County town already belonged to the Fang family. The Fang family is very strong in the waters, close to the town of Hongshan (Yujiaqiao, Chibi City) in Huanggai Lake, and the Song family cannot be underestimated on land, and they often fight with the Fang family. Once, in order to compete for the barmouth pole on land, the two families fought a big fight, and the casualties were heavy, and the saying has been passed down to this day. The struggle for the acquisition of materials is not surprising to Fang Fengshi, as long as it is not satisfied, the struggle will never stop, for the war between Mongolia and the Central Plains, Fang Fengshi knows that the only way to stop it is peaceful coexistence, but the court in the past was resolutely not allowed. When the Longqing Emperor succeeded to the throne, his policy on commercial trade was completely different, and Tu Zemin, the governor of Fujian, took advantage of Longqing's reform of the Yuan's political deployment to open the sea ban at Zhangzhou Yuegang and allow Chinese merchants to trade at sea. This proposal was actually approved by the Longqing Emperor, which is the famous "Longqing Switch" in history. Yuegang and even Zhangzhou, where it is located, have also become new areas for the pilot reform of the Ming Dynasty. The opening of Yuegang enabled overseas countries to have a great exchange of culture and materials with the Central Plains, and at the same time brought a large amount of revenue to the national treasury, which greatly alleviated the financial crisis caused by the Ming Dynasty in the past due to poor financial management and other reasons. As an important official of the imperial court, Fang Fengshi was well aware of the benefits of opening up, but the enmity between Mongolia and the Central Plains from the beginning of the Ming Dynasty to the present was inextricably resolved, although the people on both sides knew the benefits of mutual friendly exchanges. However, most of the court officials in the high position did not understand the actual situation at the local level, and had always regarded the Mongols as enemies and did not have any concept of turning enemies into friends, and those who dared to propose might be in danger of being beheaded.
On September 30, 1944, Li Da's grandson suddenly surrendered Han Naji to Fang Fengshi, and Fang Fengshi did not feel surprised or surprised, and Zhao Quan, Li Da's most important confidant, also submitted a letter to ask for surrender. Zhao Quanben was a Han Chinese, and his knowledge of the Central Plains enabled him to help Li Da successfully invade the Central Plains many times, and for the court, Zhao Quan was the threat to the Central Plains. Fang calculated at the same time that Zhao Quan would stimulate Li Du to attack himself, sit on the mountain and watch the tiger fight, and then choose to defect to the powerful side. Therefore, for Zhao Quan's letter of surrender, Fang judged the situation at the right time and did not give a reply.
However, for the surrender of Han Naji, although the governor Wang Chonggu was not around to prevent Qiu Qiu from entering the Wei Mausoleum, Fang Feng boldly decided to use this opportunity to ease tensions on the border, "the first plot to accept the acceptance of heaven and relieve the disaster on the border". At the same time, he said to Wang Chonggu: "This strange cargo must not be lost." Wang Chonggu naturally understood that an opportunity for peace between Han and Mongolia was successfully seized by the two men, and was recognized by the court by virtue of the ban on the opening of the moon port and the sea. Fang Fengshi and Wang Chonggu simultaneously played to the court: "The urgent use of food and clothing among the shufu, Si Keyong will never be a thief, and the profits of the merchants will come from the source, and the prevention of the evils of both strict and easy to destroy can be reformed, and the transaction is extensive, and the harassment of unevenness can be avoided." Pointing out that the war between Mongolia and the Central Plains was due to the demand for materials, he put forward the three strategies for resolving the improvement of Mongolian-Han relations, and the top strategy was: "If you do not forget your answers, and come to ask for them, then you will clearly tell them, allow them to survive, and give them a blessing in disguise, so that the rebel thief Leader Zhao Quan and others will be captured, the plundered population will be released, and the south will be returned, and then the reward will be given preferentially and returned with gifts." One is to steal its old calves in the shadows, and the other is to steal its fierce and stubborn qi. Although he was ignorant, he would rather not be gracious, and he was also a tyrant in the past, but he was also righteous and superior. "The Mongolian-Han friendship cooperation strategy. Such a bold move against the heavens, proposed by the two town guards guarding the border pass, made the court immediately boil over and divide into two factions. According to Yao Jike, Xuan Da Inspector could issue difficult objections and impeach the principal Fang At the right time. Fortunately, gao gong, the first assistant of the cabinet, clearly refuted Yao Jike's views in "Covering the Great Tour according to Yao Jike's Discussion on The Inspector Fang Fengshi and Other Neglects", and the cabinet member Zhang Siwei promptly lobbied the Longqing Emperor, and its role was extremely crucial. Huang Jing of the Qing Dynasty commented: "I replied to Gongcheng, relying on the auxiliary ministers on the inside, and using the governor's palace outside, but I came up with a Piece of Puzhou Siwei New Zheng (Gao Gong) and Jiangling (Zhang Juzheng) Huan." And Yu Wang Chonggu's nephew also sent a message to and fro, and completed this feat... Providence?"
With the efforts of Gao Gong, cabinet Zhang Juzheng, Zhang Siwei, Bingbu Shangshu Yang Bo and other lords and factions, the enlightened Longqing Emperor decided: "Grant the command of Han Naji, And Brother Ali is a thousand households, each gives a raid, and the town and city are resettled." The economic benefits brought about by the opening of the moon port and the sea ban made the court indeed intend to open up the land border market, and Fang risked the risk of being killed at the right time, just like his military strategy, strategizing and cleverly calculating.
Unaware of this, Li Da led tens of thousands of troops to rescue Han Naji, and Fang Was confident at the right time, and sent the flag officer Bao Chongde and the deputy general Tian Shiwei to answer to Li: "Ru brought Han Muyi down, not because of my temptation, Ru is born and dies for my system, Ru will survive and survive, and he Dao makes The Taishi have a resignation as Ru to invite Yu Dynasty, protect the leader, and return to Ke'er." If the support of the army is strong, it is a quick death, the Tangtang Heavenly Dynasty elite soldiers more than 400,000, Su Zhi for ten years, stubbornly want to cut Ru and then eat, Ru how can Ru be robbed? ", not only shows that the court is not afraid of war, and will be victorious again. At the same time, let Yu Da know that Han Naji has been enfeoffed by the court, and the court intends to reconcile, and agrees to open the border market. In particular, it was proposed to exchange the traitor Zhao Quan and others who helped the Mongols attack the Central Plains for Hanaji.
At first, Li Answer was very reluctant to replace Zhao Quan and the other ten leaders with Han Naji, until Fang Fengshi handed Zhao Quan's surrender letter to Li Answer, and Li Answer woke up like a dream, and the other party said at the right time: "I am not chaotic, chaos is caused by Quan Waiting." Mongol Yuta was very surprised by the reconciliation and opening of the market of the Ming Dynasty, until the ming dynasty, and his successors were friendly to the Ming Dynasty. According to the Wanli 41 February "Fellow Township Jingguan Zhang Tao Qiu Qiu Gong Jie" pointed out that "the first is the conspirator Fang Gongye, and the person who remembers the Jialong affair returns to the prince Chonggu, and the Shi clan is also untrue." ”
Fang Fengshi was an important figure in the northwest frontier of the middle and late Ming Dynasty, and was relied on by the world as the "Great Wall". The court believed that Fang's work at the right time was unpredictable, and the other party sealed a product for four generations of officials at the time, and praised Fang as "not a big name will not be able to".
The Longqing Peace Conference not only changed the relationship between Mongolia and Han, but in fact it took a decisive step in the later changes and development of China's economy and political and economic development, and its far-reaching influence extended to today. Because of the exchange of materials, not only from the hinterland of the Central Plains, the inland lakes and lakes have produced a thousand miles of trade routes connecting Mongolia or even farther, and along this trade route there are unintentional willows lined with willows, and countless industrial, agricultural, and commercial industries have automatically appeared. At the same time, because of the need, many cities are automatically formed along the way. Today, these cities have grown more sprawling and prosperous, playing an important central role in people's lives.
Fang Then served as the governor of Xuanda, and he had many contacts with lida, and he gave him the book of the answer, advising him to be kind, and often exchanged materials with each other. Although Fang Fengshi drank tea, the tea brought by his hometown was only occasionally used when he had a headache and ate greasy food, and it was originally used as a medicinal product. Those hometown soldiers in Longqing peace after the discussion, the Hanmeng family, and the Mongolian brothers often drink together, occasionally use Yangloudong tea, for a long time in the endless grassland, unobstructed in the wind and rain living in the wind and rain and eating cattle and sheep and other high-fat greasy food for the Mongolian brothers, headache brain fever and greasy food happen to be common diseases, the efficacy of Yangloudong tea coincides with the needs of Mongolian brothers. Its popularity and spread were as fast as the wind, blowing gently over the prairie. The sensitivity of the active Jin merchants on the border to this business opportunity is not lagging behind, and the demand for this black tea in Mongolia and border cities is beginning to appear. When black tea is inadvertently thrown into milk tea by good people to cook, the magical story begins, tea and milk evolve into seductive milk tea, this special drink is addictive, can no longer put down, has become a must for mongolian and other ethnic groups, has not changed to this day.
"Five years of the Wanli Calendar, I replied to the plug, please open a tea market."
In March of the fifth year of the Wanli Calendar (1577), I replied to open the tea horse market, and asked the governor of the capital to seal the gold seal, which was not allowed. In September, I replied that I would write to the Tibetan Buddha again to ask for a tea market. Bingbu believed that the monks and monasteries must use tea to show their grace to dozens of grates. Divine Sect replied: The amount of grace given to dozens of grates can be, and the tea market cannot be opened.
In the eighth year of the Wanli Calendar, I replied that "there are many monks in the West, and often eat tea", and asked the Ming Court to open a tea market, hoping to "sell one or two thousand per year", and at the same time, I replied that there were daughters married, hoping that Zheng Luo, the governor of Xuanda, would give some gifts that "did not produce land", including "five hundred bags of good tea". Zheng Luo tried to meet these needs as much as possible (Zheng Luo's "Fuyi Jiluo"), and the Ming court still promised to give only a small amount of tea for the use of monks, and not to open a tea market.
Although the tea market was not approved on the surface, the smuggling of tea never stopped, and the Ming Shi Food Chronicle records: "In the thirteenth year of the Wanli Calendar (1585), the Chinese tea Yima ... Hunan tea merchants lead cross-border smugglers." In the Ming Dynasty, Hunan and Hubei both belonged to Huguang, and Yangloudong tea was Hunan tea.
After the Longqing Peace Conference, the Mongolian people who personally felt the charm of tea demand for tea became more and more intense, tea was liked and accepted by more and more people, and the tea market slowly opened up more with the expansion of demand. In the twenty-fifth year of the Wanli Calendar, the official recognition of Lake Tea entered the border market as an official tea. Because of the advantages of taste and price, Lake Tea defeated the Sichuan-Shaanxi official tea designated by the government and completely occupied the market of this tea ceremony.
In the eleventh year of Chongzhen (1638), the Tsar's emissaries were ordered by the Tsar to present sable skins to the Mongol Khan Li da, and the gifts returned by the Mongolian Khan Li Da included tea leaves. The Tsar immediately fell in love with this drink from China. Subsequently, the habit of drinking tea began to become popular and popularized as a luxury in Russian high society, and finally directly developed into a necessity that the whole people could not abandon.
The tea of "the beginning of Chinese tea into Russia" was given to Russia by the later Mongolian LiTa, and yangloudong tea was given to Russia by virtue of the Wanli Bingbu Shangshu Fang, and it was most likely to be the first to embark on the Wanli Tea Ceremony. It has medicinal properties and headache-curing effects, which is not only loved by the Mongolian brothers, but also a medicinal drink for the Russian people soaked in vodka.
According to the "Chronicle of Puxi County" of the Qing Dynasty Daoguangnian, during the wanli period when Yanglou Cave was first built, the Ming and Qing dynasties were very lively. Founded in the 25th year of the Wanli Calendar, located in Yezhuqiao Village, on the southern border of Xindian Town, Chibi City, there is the starting point of wanli tea ceremony shipping, which is an important channel for the export of tea in Yangloudong, and has been identified as a key cultural relics protection unit in Hubei Province.
These information links together to prove that Yangloudong had an important period of development and growth in the Ming Dynasty, and it benefited from the "Longqing Peace Conference" promoted by the Wanli Bingbu ShangshuFang near his hometown. However, whether yangloudong tea was accepted by the Mongolian brothers and promoted to Russia is due to his credit, can only be speculated.