Guangzhou, located at the mouth of the Pearl River, has been an important trading post since the Tang Dynasty.
After the Yellow Nest Rebellion at the end of the Tang Dynasty, a regime was established here and lasted for fifty-four years, until the army sent by Zhao Kuangyin approached the city.
How did this regime end? What does it leave behind? What impact has it had on the city of Guangzhou and the people of Guangzhou?
Guangzhou Chen Clan Ancestral Hall
The regime established in Guangzhou was the Southern Han Dynasty, and the lord of the subjugation was Liu Zheng [chǎng].
Liu Xun (942–980), born in Panyu, Guangzhou, was an incompetent and absurd emperor.
The New Book of Tang and the Zizhi Tongjian record that his ancestors moved from Xincai, Henan, to Fujian, then to Guangdong, and finally established themselves as kings in the chaos of the five dynasties at the end of the Tang Dynasty.
There are also two opinions, one is that Liu Xun's family is an indigenous lingnanian, and the other is that his family is from Persia.
Arab woman
Liu Xun had a special love for Persian beauties, and one of the most favored in the harem was dark-skinned and plump, called "Beautiful Pig".
Having fun in the harem all day, Liu Xun did not think about the government and handed over power to the eunuchs.
Eunuchs came to power, killing capable officials and military generals, and demoting them, so that less than half a year later, the Southern Han Dynasty was destroyed by the Song.
Yuexiu Park
The Southern Han Dynasty is far away from the Central Plains, and there is Hunan Hubei as a buffer in the middle, so it has been peaceful for many years.
But they did not notice a change in the situation in the Central Plains. At that time, the Song army had already divided the forces of Jingnan, Hunan and Later Shu, but the Southern Han Was unprepared, and even harassed Hunan from time to time.
Huangyao Ancient Town, Hezhou, Guangxi, the first battle of the Song army to attack the Southern Han Dynasty
In the third year of Kaibao (970), in late September, when Pan Mei's army invaded Guangxi from Hunan, the Southern Han Dynasty was defeated and retreated. Leading the army against the Song was the eunuch Gong Chengshu, who fled back to Guangzhou after being besieged in Hezhou.
Gong Chengshu was succeeded by Wu Yanrou, who had no military talent, was defeated by the Song army at Hezhou, and was beheaded.
Guilin, Guangxi
In October, Guilin was broken.
In November, the Song army entered Guangdong and conquered Lianzhou.
In December, the Song army attacked Shaoguan. Li Chengwo, the commander of the Southern Han Dynasty, deployed an array of elephants, each carrying dozens of soldiers. The Song army shot the elephant with an arrow that lit fire, and the elephant burst through. (A bit like the scene from the movie The Lord of the Rings)
War elephants in Thai murals
In the fourth year of Kaibao (971), in the first month, the Song army conquered Nanxiong, Yingde, and drove directly to Guangzhou, and Tunbing Shuangnu Mountain (now part of Nanhai City, Guangdong Province). Liu Xun was asked to surrender.
In early February, Liu Xun repented, presumably instigated by eunuchs or harems, and the Southern Han defenders fought several battles with Pan Mei's army.
Guangzhou Baomo Garden
Liu Xun had ordered the construction of wooden fences outside Guangzhou to resist the Song army. Pan Mei attacked again with fire and burned the fence.
Seeing that the general situation was gone, Liu Xun transported the treasures of the treasury and the palace to the sea ship, and he wanted to float the sea with the treasures and concubines.
But these giant ships were stolen by the eunuchs, and with his harem beauties, even the sail shadow could not be seen.
He could only dress in white clothes and bow his head and beg.
"Nanhai No. 1" is a retro ship of the same proportion, and Liu Xun's ship may be larger than it
This slightly fat, white and pure, eloquent king of the fallen country arrived in Bieliang and became a courtier by the side of Zhao Kuangyin, the grandfather of the Song Dynasty.
The Southern Han Dynasty was the last official state-building force in southern China, and after its fall, Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan never broke away from the rule of the central government.
During the Song and Yuan dynasties, Guangzhou has always been an important trading port. However, except for Guangzhou, the entire Pearl River Delta is relatively backward and the people's livelihood is difficult,—— so officials like Su Dongpo who commit crimes will be relegated to Lingnan.
Three hundred litchi in a day, not to quit being a Lingnanian - Su Shi
In the Ming Dynasty, with the improvement of technological strength, the Pearl River Delta began to occupy an important position in China's agricultural production, and it still does.
At the same time, Guangzhou, as a natural port, has written an important mark in the history of China's foreign trade in modern times.
Guangzhou Huangpu NewPort Terminal
After Zheng He went to the West (1405-1433), the Ming and Qing dynasties severed official maritime exchanges.
Beginning in the twenty-second year of Qianlong (1757), the Qing Dynasty implemented the policy of "one mouth for trade".
As an officially authorized treaty port, Guangzhou has a prominent position.
The so-called "official lines" authorized by the government appeared in Guangzhou, and they became the main force of foreign trade, which is the famous "Thirteen Lines of Guangzhou".
Guangzhou thirteen lines to do telescopic fan, Guangzhou Museum collection
After the defeat of the Sino-Japanese War, the great powers began to divide China, the League was established, and in April 1911, Huang Xing organized an armed uprising in Huanghuagang in Guangzhou.
Although the uprising failed, it was "of great significance and hastened the arrival of the national revolutionary upsurge." --Quoted from toutiao Encyclopedia
Huanghuagang Seventy-Two Martyrs Cemetery
Six months later, in October 1911, the Wuchang Uprising fired the first shot of the Xinhai Revolution, overthrowing the Qing Dynasty.
On Changzhou Island in Huangpu District, Guangzhou City, the famous Whampoa Military Academy was established, from which Lin Biao, Chen Yi, Xu Xiangqian, Nie Rongzhen, Ye Jianying, Chen Geng, Luo Ruiqing, and other founding fathers of New China, as well as anti-Japanese generals such as Zhang Lingfu, Du Yuming, Xie Jinyuan, Tang Enbo, and Chen Mingren were brought out.
The site of the Whampoa Military Academy, built in 1924
Between 1922 and 1925, the Chinese Communist Party led three major workers' movements in Guangzhou: the Hong Kong Seamen's Strike, the Shamian Strike, and the Provincial-Hong Kong Strike.
After the founding of New China, Guangzhou has always served as a window for China's opening up to the outside world, standing at the head of the tide.
The China Import and Export Fair, referred to as the "Canton Fair", has been held in Guangzhou since the 1950s, and is the first exhibition in China.
Fair
Since then, Guangzhou has been at the forefront of the country in the fields of industry, economy, sports and culture.
Outstanding enterprises such as NetEase, Baiyun Mountain, Jiaduobao, WeChat and Evergrande have emerged;
Trained xie xingfang, Liu Shiwen, Chen Aisen, Yang Jinghui and Fan Zhendong and other sports world champions;
He has filmed a number of nationally renowned film and television works such as "Love Full of Pearl River", "Miss Public Relations", "Sun Yat-sen" and so on.
The poster of the TV series "Love Full of Pearl River", starring Zuo Ling, Wei Zi, Wang Lin and so on
Guangzhou musicians represented by Chen Ming, Gan Ping, Yang Yuying, Mao Ning, Chen Rujia, Zhang Mi, Laozai and Li Haiying were once leading figures in the Chinese music scene.
Even if the Guangzhou music scene is no longer as glorious as it used to be, Yu Haoming, Zhong Chuxi, Li Ai, Wu Yifan, Chang Shilei, Yan Haoxiang and Song Wenfei, who are born in Guangzhou, are still active.
Of course, there are even peerless soldiers such as Academician Zhong Nanshan who are admired by the Chinese people.
Academician Zhong Nanshan: Responsibility, mission, responsibility
In 2019, Guangzhou's GDP exceeded one trillion yuan.
In the first half of 2020, Guangzhou ranked 5th in the country with a GDP of 1,096.829 billion yuan. —— Quoted from toutia encyclopedia
Today, Guangzhou is actively participating in the construction of the Greater Bay Area and striving for a better tomorrow.
Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge
Guangzhou, the wind and fire from ancient times to modern times. Because of its geographical location, economic advantages and Cantonese culture, Guangzhou is known as the Pearl of the Pearl River.
Looking back at the history of this pearl, we can ask one question:
What did the Southern Han Dynasty, a dynasty that lasted fifty-four years and experienced four emperors, leave behind for the city of Guangzhou and the people of Guangzhou?
Three imperial tombs were left behind: Zhaoling, Kangling and Deling! - The last emperor of the Southern Han Dynasty died in Kaifeng.
Guangzhou Southern Han Erling Museum
Located on Xiaoguwei Island in Panyu District, Guangzhou (Guangzhou University Town), the Second Tomb of the Southern Han Dynasty is the Deling Tomb of Liu Yin of Emperor Liezong and the Kang Mausoleum of Gaozu Liu Yan, and the two mausoleums are about 800 meters apart.
From 2003 to 2004, the Guangzhou Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology conducted rescue archaeological excavations on the Second Tomb of the Southern Han Dynasty.
On May 17, 2019, the Southern Han Erling Museum in Guangzhou University Town was completed and opened, with a current collection of 1,000 pieces/sets, including mourning texts, glassware, and celadon ware.
Cultural relics of the Erling Tombs Museum of the Southern Han Dynasty
Judging from the cultural relics in the collection, the speculation that the Liu Xun family is not a Central Plains person is not entirely unfounded.
So, in addition to the mausoleums and cultural relics, what influence did the Southern Han Dynasty, which was in a remote corner of the country more than 1,200 years ago, have on the people of Guangzhou and on the culture of Guangfu?
Grocery stores outside the history of literature can not give answers, and more professionals are needed to examine and analyze.
However, in any case, the Southern Han regime existed on the land of Guangzhou, and its history deserves our attention and understanding.
Southern Han Erling Museum, glass bottle excavated from Kangling
Visitors visit the Erling Museum of the Southern Han Dynasty
Southern Han Erling Museum Pottery Zodiac Figurines
The Pottery Maid Figurines of the Southern Han Erling Museum
Southern Han Erling Museum ghost face tile
#Historical Truth Officer # #添翼计划 #