The principle of quantum water circulation culture is: fill the breeding pond with underground or surface water without any pollution, and put the shrimp fry or fry released according to the standard. When the water flows out of the pool, the water source in a straight line is sterilized by multi-level filtration facilities and quantum machine sterilization and disinfection by multi-level filtration facilities and quantum machines, and then turned back into the pool from the place of outflow, and the pool water cycles repeatedly to maintain the circulating water breeding mode. Through the air pump to the breeding pond to continuously replenish oxygen, so that the pool water oxygen remains unchanged, not only the quality of the aquaculture product does not contain any drug residue, but also can reduce the consumption of underground water sources, improve water utilization, to avoid the direct discharge of floating suspended solids into the river caused by the reproduction of river water organisms, affecting the quality of aquatic products and human health.
Some time ago, the author investigated the development status and existing problems of flow-through fishery, and found that the existing flow-through aquaculture methods no longer meet the requirements of social development and urgently need to be improved, and boldly improved the traditional breeding methods and proposed scientific breeding models in a targeted and bold manner. It is now summarized and sorted out for the reference of fishery managers and farmers.
Quantum water circulation aquaculture
To improve product quality and reduce wastewater discharge, existing facilities must be upgraded, which is the only way to promote the transformation of traditional fishery farming to modern and economical fisheries. At present, we should focus on two aspects: on the one hand, improve the management mechanism, innovate the way of resource utilization, improve laws and regulations, standardize and rationalize property rights relations, protect the rights and interests of various resource property rights, rationally utilize and use resources, and reduce the use of resources with maximum efficiency. On the other hand, it changes the status quo of "high consumption, high input, high emissions, non-circulation, uncoordinated, and low efficiency". For fishery production industries with high material consumption and high energy consumption, such as flowing water fisheries, implement large waves and sand panning, build a resource-saving aquaculture industry centered on energy conservation and material saving as soon as possible, and completely solve the problems of large water consumption, large discharge of suspended solids, and substandard water quality and environmental protection.
1. Circulating aquaculture materials
In Liujiatian Village, Chengguan Street, a simple shed was established using the idle space in front of the house, and the shed was welded with metal square pipes and solid plastic sheets and other materials, glued to the long× × height = 2 meters×2 meters× 1.2 meters, and 2 shrimp ponds were used for circulating shrimp farming experiments using facilities such as coarse and fine filters and quantum water technology.
2. Shrimp fry introduction time
The shrimp fry is a South American white shrimp, which is airlifted from Xiamen Nursery to Qingdao. The outer foam incubator contains a nylon bag containing 50,000 shrimp fry, 2/3 water and oxygen, and some crushed ice in the shrimp fry bag to reduce the water temperature, reduce shrimp fry activity and molting.
3. Shrimp grow-out technology
Within one month, the construction of sheds, ponds, and the installation of quantum circulation systems were completed, and shrimp fry were introduced in mid-September last year. At that time, the water temperature in the south was above 30 °C, and the shrimp fry were very active and molted quickly. During transport, some crushed ice and ice bottles are placed in the incubator to reduce the water temperature in the incubator bag and prevent the shrimp fry from molting. Molted shrimp fry are tender in skin, and shrimp fry that have not molted and molted during transportation are very easy to create and stab each other, affecting the survival rate of transportation.
Water transfer for shrimp fry is key. 2-3 days before the release of shrimp fry, first control the salinity of the shrimp water body, because the South American white shrimp belongs to the seawater breeding and gradually desalinates the growth, before releasing the seedlings, we must grasp the salinity of the shrimp seedling pond, and adjust it with sea salt to the salinity suitable for shrimp nursery farming. The water of shrimp pond is adjusted to 30 cm by applying biological agents to adjust the transparency of the water body to 30 cm, and the biological flora is added through the fertilizer water, which accelerates the decomposition of organic matter, improves the efficiency of fertilizer water, and maintains the fertility of the water body for a long time. The use of microbial agents can adjust the color and transparency of the water, the purpose of which is to maintain the ecological balance of the water body.
In the process of breeding, the residual bait, shrimp excrement, carcasses and shells under the shed, etc., some float on the surface of the water, some through the bottom of the pool drainage thick, fine filter blocked outside the pool, all filtered water sources are sterilized by the quantum machine, into small molecule water, and then returned to the shrimp pond and then through the aerator oxygenation, so that the water body returns to high dissolved oxygen. Leave single-celled algae to reproduce and grow, inhibiting the growth of pathogenic microorganisms. Single-celled algae photosynthesis through greenhouse light transmittance, increase the amount of dissolved oxygen in the water body, and finally cycle back and forth so that the bacterial phase and algal phase of the shrimp pond achieve a good ecological cycle balance, stabilize the water color and transparency, and create a good water environment.
The waste filtered by the coarse filter is cleaned up every 3-6 days, basically using a pool of water to raise a stubble shrimp. This shrimp farming mode not only maintains the ecological balance of the water body, but also maintains the stability of the water environment, the ecological balance of the shrimp pond and the effect of ecological disease prevention.
Shrimp fry just transported to the edge of the shrimp pond, test the water temperature outside the bag containing shrimp fry by hand or thermometer, because the shrimp fry is 3-5 mm long, sensitive to the water temperature difference, the temperature difference ≤ 0.5 °C, the smaller the temperature difference, the less the shrimp fry are damaged. Before the shrimp fry are put in the pond, first prepare a 1 cubic meter (long × wide× height = 1 meter ×1 meter ×1 meter) small shrimp seedling pond, put the water seedling bag into the small pool for a period of time, wait until the water temperature in the bag and the water temperature in the pool are basically the same, and then untie the shrimp bag mouth, after the shrimp fry slowly swim into the shrimp pond, do not rush to feed the feed, first let the shrimp fry move in the pool for 2 hours to adapt to the environment, observe whether the shrimp fry are normal in the pool, if the activity is normal, you can feed special shrimp feed. Shrimp feeding method: Initial feeding time: 6:00, 10:00, 15:00, 18:00. The amount of feeding is 6.6 g/time. The amount of feeding from one week to half a month is 13.2 g/time. After half a month to a month, the amount of feeding is 19.8 g/time, feeding time: 6:00, 8:00, 10:00, 14:00, 16:00, 18:00. After a month, gradually switch to three to four times a day, and the daily feeding amount increases by 3%-5% according to body weight. Before feeding feed, first find out whether there is a change in the dissolved oxygen, pH value, nitrite, salinity, water temperature and other items of the water body, if there is a change, first find out the cause, and then feed the feed, and check whether the feed is not put. Due to the use of quantum water circulation shrimp farming (Penaeus vannamei) is used, the optimal water temperature for shrimp is 26-32 °C, and the optimal water temperature is 30 °C. The adaptability to salinity is strong, with a salinity adaptation range of 5-45 and a maximum salinity of 10-25. The lower the salinity, the faster it grows. The salinity in the shrimp pond gradually fades until it reaches 0-2. Shrimp fry grow to 2 cm in about half a month, at this time, the small shrimp pond begins to be crowded, the density increases, and it begins to transfer to the large shrimp pond.
After moving into the prawn pond, with the increasing intake and excretion of shrimp, the circulating water in the shrimp pond is very easy to cause changes such as O2, P, ammonia nitrogen, and NO2-. Daily morning, middle and late nitrite must be controlled below 0.2 mg/L, and measures must be taken once changes in water hydration are found. In particular, nitrite has a great impact on juvenile shrimp, the pond water can not store excess nitrite, which is an intermediate product in the process of converting ammonia into nitrate, once the nitrification process is blocked, nitrite will accumulate in the water body exceeds the standard, and the ferrous hemoglobin in the shrimp blood is oxidized into methemoglobin, thereby inhibiting the oxygen carrying capacity and explosive diseases of the blood. Nitrite ≥ 0.5 mg / L, shrimp metabolic organ dysfunction, physical decline and disease death.
Move into the big pond to raise must pay attention to the shrimp to fight each other, large shrimp eat small shrimp or peeled shrimp, do two points. One is to use a ceiling PVC plastic plate, sawn into 20 cm long, 70 cm for a string, the middle string of a wire, 200 strings is appropriate, the upper side is hung on the beam on the upper side of the pool, and the perforated side is spaced 15 cm apart from the non-porous side, as a shrimp nest. Second, the drainage outlet at the bottom of the pond should be blocked with a sand net to prevent the shrimp from escaping.
4. Benefit analysis
Raise a stubble shrimp with quantum water circulation and reach the market specifications after 60 days. It takes 2 months to grow 10-12 cm, the initial pond produces 300 kg of shrimp, the yield is 150 kg / cubic meter, the income of 4 cubic meters of shrimp pond is 24,000 yuan, the first stubble of the first pool is 0.72 million yuan, the first stubble can be raised 5-6 stubble a year, and the annual net income is 36,000-43,200 yuan. The product is a true pollution-free product and can be smoothly put into the market. Another pond of water serves as a backup source for shrimp farming and is used to regulate water quality. This farming method does not feed any drugs, feeding feed is reduced by nearly half; the water consumption for two months is about 4 cubic meters, the water consumption is less, the straight discharge is less, and the water is discharged every two months, which can be watered with flowers and vegetables, and shrimp manure can be made into fertilizer.
Discussion summary
The first experiment on quantum water circulation shrimp farming has achieved satisfactory results. However, water quality changes (water temperature, pH, ammonia nitrogen, nitrite, dissolved oxygen, etc.) lack of automation equipment, and must be displayed to the screen by automatic sensors. In the next step, we should continue to do a good job in shrimp or fish testing, master modern technical means, compile a technical manual, summarize and popularize to the masses the quantum water cycle shrimp farming and fish farming methods that are easy to learn, easy to understand, and easy to deal with, so that the people can introduce more new varieties of shrimp and fish, and while doing a good job in the experimental technology of quantum water circulation fish farming, we will strive to improve the yield and efficiency of unit area, and increase income to achieve poverty alleviation.
Source: Scientific Fish Farming Author: Xu Dong, Agricultural and Rural Technology Extension Center, Linqu County, Shandong Province