Chen Julai's "Anzhi Jingshe Seal Words" has a saying: "Those who can perfect the realm of the Indians, when the Push Anji Wu Changshuo, and the former master Yin County Zhao Shuru Shi Tong, mr. Shi Tong, can be described as a moment of Yu and Liang. However, the old man who reveres Chang does not like the stability of mr. uncle and uncle; those who respect mr. uncle and uncle are broken by the old man who is sick and old. The dispute between Wu and Zhao has not yet been resolved. ”
Zhao Shuru (1874-1945), known as ShiQi (時榈), the first character xianchen, after the age of thirty, Yi Zi Shuru, the late second crossbow old man, Zhejiang Yin County (now Ningbo City), in character line. The Zhao clan was from the Siming Wang clan, and Zhao Shuru's father, Zhao Youchen, was a Shu Jishi of the Xianfeng Hanlin Yuan, who was once a Tongzhi Mengshi and an official to the Taichang Temple, known as the Duke of Yanwei. Jiafu collection, Zhao Shuru from childhood, quite interested in Jinshi calligraphy and painting, but also for the Fujian collector Lin Shoutu Museum nephew, proficient in Jinshi calligraphy and painting, since the age of 25 as an official Fujian. After the Xinhai Revolution, he took his family to Live in Shanghai to appreciate calligraphy and paintings and carved gold and stone seals.
Uncle Zhao draws horses
As one of the five major schools of seal engraving in the Republic of China (the other four major schools are represented by Wu Changshuo, Huang Shiling, Qi Baishi and Wang Fu'an), the Zhao Shuru seal style must have had its special significance and value at that time, the most obvious of which is that in the zhao shuru seal works, there is a kind of canonical and elegant style, which is different from the other four seal engraving schools. This is closely related to the artistic concept of Zhao Shuru, through the zhao shuru books, paintings, and prints, roughly reflecting the characteristics of a "show", calligraphy takes the second Zhao (Zhao Mengshun, Zhao Zhiqian), painting with Song and Yuan as the sect, mountain stone to Yun Shouping, painting Ma to lang Shining, rewriting reality, seal carving with Zhao Zhichen, Zhao Zhiqian, Wang Guan as the law, directly chasing after the Qin and Han Dynasties.
Zhang Daqianyun: "Although his (Uncle Zhao's) zhiyin is the source of his family's uncle, next to his uncle and his pastor, he is particularly interested in the Han seal. The heart chases by hand, gets its divine reason, alludes to strangeness in peace and integrity, sends super ease in mellow ancient, and the appearance of the unworldly is expected by the crazy and dangerous. "Then, in terms of artistic achievements, Zhao Shuru's seal engraving is more creative than calligraphy. His seal engraving works can be vivid and elegant in plain reality, and they are really leaders in the peaceful and tidy printing style.
Looking at the seals made by Zhao Shuru, his solemn and peaceful seal carving style mainly includes three types of expressions: yuanzhu style, ancient seal style and Han seal style.
<h1 class="pgc-h-center-line" > round Juwen style</h1>
Zhao Shuru's Yuanzhu Wen can be roughly divided into two categories: one is the Shao Ji Song and Yuan Zhu Wenyin, which refers to the methods of Wang Guan and Ba Weizu, and enters the seal with its gentle and flowing small seal, and the knot is even, making the artistic language of the Yuan Zhu Wen more pure and worklike, thus forming a new realm of Yuan Zhu Wen. Zhao's kind of yuan Zhu wen traces back to the Song and Yuan Dynasties Zhao Mengfu, Wu Qiuyan and others, beside the Ming and Qing dynasties, the sword technique is very beautiful and clean, the strokes are evenly dropped, the lines are round and healthy, weakening their flexing strokes, strengthening the sense of uniformity and tranquility of the strokes, pursuing dignified and serene in the layout, showing a gentle and elegant aesthetic taste without losing the ancient.
The other type is zhao uncles and children of the Zhao clan who are admiring Deng Shiru and Zhao Zhiqian, believing that "since Xian Tong, the seal carving is wonderful, when pushing my family to pick up uncle". Zhao Shuru has a large number of seals that imitate Zhao Zhiqian, and this aesthetic purpose is repeatedly stated in the side sections. On the basis of them, Zhao Shuru weakened techniques such as lifting and pressing, making the strokes more pure, and retaining their stylized seal methods, thus forming an elegant and quiet, fresh and bright style, in a sense, which also broadened the expression of Yuan Zhuwen.
From the various seals, it can be seen that Zhao Shuru not only teaches his method, but also teaches his law, so his works can be branded with his own brand, so that they do not violate tradition, and their faces are new, which is the reason why his seal carving can enter the yuanya and harmony.
Mr. Sha Menghai commented on Zhao Shuru's Yuanzhu Wen in his "History of Printing Studies": His Yuan Zhu Wen, strict and generous, basically uses the fine Zhu grammar since the Yuan Ming Dynasty, and occasionally participates in deng Shiru and Zhao Zhiqian's new commentaries, with a neat and firm pen, exquisite works, often surpassing the predecessors.
<h1 class="pgc-h-center-line" > the Qin-Han style</h1>
Mr. Zhou Jianguo Youyun: "Mr. Shuru is good at learning, turning to many teachers, and the essence of the ancient sages must be collected." The inheritance of the jade seal, the casting seal, the Zhu Wen seal, and the sealing clay of the Han Dynasty, and the creation of the Ming Dynasty after the Wang Guan, have been carried forward and then displayed to a high degree. Indeed, chasing the ancient seal and entering and leaving the Qin and Han Dynasties was the center of Zhao Shuru's thought on printing. Since the origin of the seal of the Zhou Dynasty, the seal has been varied. In the Qin and Han Dynasties, it was even more comprehensively developed, becoming a peak in the history of Chinese seals. This is also the central idea of the vast majority of seal engravers, and will not be repeated here.
Zhao Shuru took the French and Han seals, and there were a large number of imitations of han official private seals, Han Zhu Wen seals, Han Manchu white seals, Han copper seals, Han jade seals, Han cast seals, and Han chisel seals.
The first lies in the imitation of the three generations and the Qin and Han seals. The most obvious approach is to replace a certain word in the Chinese seal and form a new creative content. For example, the white text print "Qin Gan private seal", the side paragraph day: "Han has a seal of 'Qin Sheng private seal', and now yi a word, in order to respond to the Qing Dynasty to talk about the genus." Uncles and uncles. Zhao Shuru once ordered his disciple Chen Julai to use this method to imitate the "Shu Deyi Seal" in the "Double Yu Ju Zhai Seal" to engrave the "Shu Yi Deyi" seal side, which was greatly praised by Wu Hufan. The author carefully read Zhao Shuru's "Seal Of the Second Crossbow Jingshe", and his antique works occupy a considerable proportion, such as "The Silver Seal of the Third Generation of the Division", "Taking the Law Zhou Qin Seal", "Taking the Fa Liangjing Jijin Character", "Imitating The Han Seal", "Imitating the Qin", "Imitating the Han Cast", "Imitating the Han Official Seal", "Imitating the Han Private Seal", and so on, and so on, and so on.
Therefore, Zhang Daqian commented on Zhao Shuru: "Although his ruling seal originates from his family's regent uncle, next to his stubborn uncle and herdsman, he is particularly in the Han seal. The heart chases by hand, gets its divine reason, alludes to strangeness in peace and integrity, sends super ease in mellow ancient, and the appearance of the unworldly is expected by the crazy and dangerous. ”
<h1 class="pgc-h-center-line" > the ancient seal style</h1>
Zhao Shuru was intelligent from an early age, and when he became an adult, he was photographed by Lin Shoutu, a giant rich man in the collection of Minzhong, and recruited as a son-in-law, and successively signed Fuzhou Pingtan Tongzhi, Xinghua Province Grain Hunting Tongzhi, Fuzhou Quanzhou Second Prefecture Huayang Tongzhi, plus the same title. Lin Shoutu "Rich Tibetan Yi, three generations of Jijin script, Song and Yuan drama traces, not prepared". Uncle Zhao slept in the Lin Family Hall for three years, listening to the sunset and not quitting the cold and heat. You painstakingly studied the Qin Seal and han seal, carefully wrote it, and became a family. ”
The ancient seal carved by Zhao Shuru is one of the skills of the housekeeper, especially Xiao Xi. This is because of his proficiency in appreciation, the collector Zhou bronze ware is quite a lot, and the study of the golden stone text is not the reach of other famous artists. Zhao Shuru's seal was printed with the ancient seals of the Qin Dynasty or the Jijin script, and integrated his own unique calligraphy, and finally formed his unique ancient seal printing style. The ancient seal carved by Zhao Shuru, from the perspective of the knife, is precise and stable, and the knife is extremely rounded and strong, not exciting, and there is no trace of carving. The arrangement of the rules and the work of the knot are inseparable from its profound learning and profound calligraphy skills, which is very human.
Just like Sha Menghai's "Seal of Sha Estate" Yun: "Yu Zhiyin's first master uncle is Yuan Zhuwen, the seal of the nations, the chestnut is strong, and there is no second hand in ancient and modern times." ”
Sha Menghai once said: "In the past, when people talked about ancient words, don't be four elephants." Holding is the seal of the world, and if anji Wu clan is majestic, then the sun is also. The solemnity of the Zhao clan (Shi Tong) in my hometown is too yin. What makes people think is that behind Wu and Zhao Ershi, the two suffered completely different treatment. Wu Changshuo's reputation was greatly enhanced, and he was regarded as a generation of masters, and his works were widely circulated, and relevant literature, monographs and academic papers could be seen everywhere. And Zhao Shuru seemed less lucky. As an important artist who was able to compete with Wu at that time, Zhao seemed to have faded from people's vision since his death. In addition to a few articles by Zhao Men's disciples who remember Naishi, there are several countable anecdotes and treatises on his art, which are so rare compared to Wu's. The situation that was with Wu Changshuo and called a moment of Yu Liang was no longer there, but experienced a transformation process from "Wu Zhao confrontation" to "Wu Sheng Zhao Qian".
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