#谷丰计划 #
<h1>preface </h1>
Pear trees in China has a long history of cultivation, because of its tall body, in the past generally choose to evacuate the stratified shape and other large crown rare tree shape, pay attention to winter pruning, despise summer pruning, but this method has not adapted to the needs of high-quality intensive production of pear trees today. This requires a renewal of the concept and the abandonment of some old tree shapes that only pursue high yields and are not conducive to improving the quality of fruit. According to the growth result characteristics of pear trees with high germination rate, low branching force, and easy formation of flower buds, combined with the characteristics of the climate in various places, try to make them premature and high-quality, and now choose spindle-shaped, Y-shaped, trellis-shaped, hedge-shaped, happy-shaped and other tree shapes, and there are also scientific research unit experts and fruit farmers who have begun to innovate the application of inverted shapes, 3+1 tree shapes, trunk shapes and other new tree shapes. In order to let everyone understand the characteristics of these tree shapes and have selective applications, they have been introduced for your reference. Y shape has been introduced, the title "if you want the pear tree to bear good fruit, tree shape selection is the key, today's introduction of Y shape let you choose and use well", welcome to the headline number: fruit tree master Xu Mingju, browse.
The Y-shaped trellis-shaped twig reshaping technique introduced in the previous issue
Today I will introduce the spindle shape of the pear tree.
Pear spindle-shaped whole branches since the 1970s, in China's pear tree dense planting cultivation has been widely used, it has a small crown, fast forming, easy to yield, high fruit quality, simple technology is easy to master the characteristics. Suitable for plant spacing of 4 meters× 2 meters or 4 meters × 1.5 meters of orchards, especially suitable for application in dense pear orchards, pear spindle tree shape with early fruit, abundant yield, high quality, disease and insect resistance, less investment, easy to manage and many other advantages, is the current pear production areas worth vigorously promoting the tree shape. Of course, the name is different everywhere, trunk shape, spindle shape, high spindle shape, free spindle shape, cylindrical shape, etc., sometimes we technicians are dizzy, in addition to the cultivation of fruit branches on the trunk is also different, the era of people and clouds, look at the spindle shape we have introduced.
<h1>1. Spindle-shaped tree structure </h1>
Dry height is generally 60-80cm. The central trunk is upright and robust, with 15-20 main branches distributed on it, extending around the single axis, the spacing of the main branches is about 20 cm, the opening angle of the main branches is 80-90 degrees, the length of the main branches is 1.5-2.0 m, and the resulting branches of the main branches are directly affected by the small and medium-sized uniaxial extensions. The tree is 2.5-3.5 m tall. Applicable density 80-110 plants / 667m2. Early maturing varieties are more suitable for this tree shape. Of course, in coastal areas, in order to cope with typhoons, trellises can be applied.
Fruit tree master Xu Mingju conducted a guiding exchange in Tan Shubao's pear garden
After the winter leaves fall, training is carried out to guide the scene of spindle-shaped whole branches
<h1>2. Cultivate the operation process of key technologies</h1>
2.1 Dry and carve buds
It is recommended to choose 2-year-old tall seedlings, after the finished seedlings are colonized, the stout seedlings with a seedling height of more than 1.5 meters, the fixed dry height is more than 1.2 meters, the high fixed dry, and the weak seedlings are cut off at the seedling height of 70-80 cm. The seedlings are set up and dried when they are cut in winter. After drying, leave the top buds, the lower 2-3 buds are erased, and the remaining 60 cm or more are carved, with an interval of 15-20 cm, which promotes branching, which is conducive to building a good tree skeleton and preventing the phenomenon of too strong dryness causing the upper and lower weaknesses.
It is recommended to choose large seedlings and strong seedlings to build the garden
The engraving of buds is carried out in the spring, of course, with the application of mycophyllin 6-BA effect is good
2.2 Toothpick opening and pulling branches
The spindle-shaped tree body is not layered, so every spring, the middle of the long branch in the center of the shear should be selected for the appropriate position to carve the buds, so as to promote the use of new shoots as the main branch. The key is to open the branch angle after carving the bud, the opening angle, ventilation and light transmission is an important part of the cultivation spindle, and a good way to open the main branch angle is to open the toothpick.
Pear tree toothpick opening, small technology big role
When the shoots or new shoots naturally grow to 20 cm, pay attention to the timing of opening the corners, to the branches within 30 cm, a little woody, and soft timing is better, otherwise the effect is not good, at this time the branches are just semi-woody, and it is easy to open the branches with a toothpick.
Toothpick opening operation essentials, in the branch to be opened, first compare the toothpick with the main branch and the new branch in what position can open the new shoot branch into 80-90, it is recommended to open more than 90 degrees, do not hold too strong, to inhibit the growth of the branches. After determining the general position, insert the toothpick into the main branch, and pay attention to the toothpick must be inserted into the bark, so that the wind is not easy to blow off. The operation process controls the strength, use good skills, insert a toothpick in one hand, hold the connecting part of the branch with the tree in the other hand, slowly carry out, find that the tree body has signs of cracking, should immediately stop the force, and recover the branch slightly, until the corner is open to the right position.
This is also a technology for labor-saving cultivation applications
The toothpick opens firmly
In addition to applying toothpick opening, 1-year branches should be pulled in time to open the corners of the branches in august and September, and the branches can be pulled with ropes or special pullers.
Pull branches in a timely manner
2.3 Annual tree winter shears
When the new shoots are less than 80 cm, they can be gently pruned; the length of the branches is above lm, and they can be slowly placed without shearing. The central stem can be cut and dried again according to the situation, and then cultivate the main branch after the next year to grow vigorous new shoots, repeating the previous year's carved buds, toothpicks, and pulling branches. If the central dry length exceeds 1.5m, it can be slowly placed without shearing, and in the spring of the next year, it will be cut at 50cm to control the upper and lower. 2.4 Winter pruning after two years of birth The basic shearing method is the same year, lightly pruning the branches with space, long and intersecting branches to reach a distance, until the tree shape is fully completed, of course, one thing to pay attention to is that the main branch is pulled apart on the side branches, summer to timely plucking, control growth, promote other buds to form short fruit branches, the formation of flower buds fruit. Spindle-shaped pruning that enters the fruiting period is mainly sparse and shrunken, and as few as possible to shorten the branches of the year. It is mainly light pruning, long placement, and multi-pulling branches, making full use of space to arrange branches.
The side branches emitted from the main branch are plucked in time
<h1>Xu Mingju Profile:</h1>
Fruit tree master, graduated from Huazhong Agricultural University in 1996, majoring in fruit trees, is good at promoting advanced fruit tree technology on the Internet, and founded a representative column: Lao Xu takes you to visit the orchard. Welcome to today's headlines: Fruit Tree Master Xu Mingju