On December 30, 1930, a little girl was born in Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, a water town in Jiangnan.
When her father named her "Tu Youyou", he never thought that these three names would be her life's mission.
Yo yo, it's the sound of deer chirping.
In the Book of Poetry, Xiaoya Luming, it is said:
Yo yo deer singing, eating wild apples. I have guests, drummers blowing...
Yo yo deer singing, eating wild artemisia. I have a guest, Deyin Kong Zhao...
Yo yo deer singing, eating wild mustard. I have guests, drums and drums...
Among them, "Apple" is mugwort, "Artemisia annua" is Artemisia annua, and "Qian" is also an artemisia plant.
In this way, the name "Tu Youyou" is destined to have an indissoluble relationship with "Artemisia".
And the name, before winning the 2015 Nobel Prize in Medicine, was almost never heard by the general public.
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Tu is a rare surname, according to the "Yongshang Tu Family Tree", the ancestors of the Tu family moved to Ningbo from Wuxi County, the capital of Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, in the first year of the Southern Song Dynasty (1259).
During the Reign of Ming Hongzhi, the Prince Taibao and the official Shangshu Tu Yi, the Ming Dynasty literary scholar and opera composer Tu Long, and the Ming Wanli period naturalist Tu Benyi and others were all celebrities within their clan.
Tu Youyou's father, Tu Liangui, worked for the Shanghai Pacific Steamship Company (a doctor). Perhaps it is precisely for this reason that the young Tu Youyou has been living with her mother at her grandmother's house, No. 26, Kaiming Street, Ningbo.
This two-story mansion is the property of Tu Youyou's uncle, the famous economist Yao Qingsan.
80 years later, along with Tu Youyou's name became widely known, it has also become a famous punch card holy place.
Tu Youyou's mother, the Yao family, is also a well-known local family.
According to the "Genealogy of the Yao Clan of Yin County", Tu Youyou's grandfather Yao Chuanju brothers were all Beiyang government officials.
Among them, Yao Chuanju has successively served as a minister of the Ministry of Finance, the director of the Quan Coin Department, the secretary of the Ministry of Finance, the director of the Currency Bureau, and the president of the Bank of China in the three eastern provinces.
Tu Youyou's uncle Yao Qingsan returned from studying in France, first as a researcher at the Institute of National Economic Research, and later as the manager of the general management branch of Shanghai Jincheng Bank, and the president of the Hong Kong Yonggang Friendship Association.
In the early years, Tu Youyou often lived, read and studied here.
I also read many ancient medical books such as the Yellow Emperor's Inner Classic, and gradually established an ideal of saving lives and helping the injured.
In 1946, at the age of 16, Tu Youyou was forced to suspend her studies from school due to tuberculosis.
Two years later, he still entered ningbo private xiaoshi middle school with the same academic strength.
It can be seen that xueba is not practiced in a day.
Suspension does not mean suspension.
In 1951, Tu Youyou was admitted to the Department of Pharmacy of Peking University School of Medicine, majoring in pharmacognosy.
During his four years at university, Tu You developed a great interest in phytochemistry, Materia Medica, and plant taxonomy.
Perhaps, it was this period that gave her a deep understanding of the meaning of her name.
Yo yo deer singing, eating wild apples.
I have guests, drummers and trumpeters.
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In the 1950s and 1960s, malaria was rampant in many parts of the world, especially in Africa and South-East Asia.
China is also one of the countries that suffers from "malaria".
At the beginning of the founding of New China, there were more than 30 million malaria patients in the country, and on average, 6 out of every 100 people were infected.
During the Vietnam War to Resist the United States, soldiers suffered greatly, and the leader Ho Chi Minh made a special trip to China to ask for help.
Chairman Mao said: To solve your problems is also to solve our problems.
As a result, a malaria control drug research project code-named "523" was officially established.
In 1969, the China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine accepted the 523 research task, and the 39-year-old Tu Youyou served as the leader of the scientific and technological team.
At that time, Tu Youyou had been working for more than ten years and was already a little famous.
In 1956, the country set off a climax in the prevention and treatment of schistosomiasis, and her pharmacognosical research on the effective drugs Hemilian and Yinchaihu was successively included in the "Journal of Chinese Medicine".
After entering the "523" research group, Tu Youyou devoted herself to the development of antimalarial drugs, and even experimented with life.
This period of history has a panoramic display in the TV series "Meritorious Service".
Tu Youyou (Zhou Xun) at work is very personal, does not like to talk to people, does not know how to save face for leaders, and does not even look at people when walking.
Her mind was full of names of various herbs, and she didn't ask anything about the outside world.
In the research institute, if she suddenly opened her mouth to say hello one day, she could scare others.
She often forgot to bring the key when she returned home, and it was her husband Li Tingzhao who took the initiative to open the door for her.
She went to the post and telecommunications office to call, and not only forgot to give money, but even her own daughter.
Since January 1969, Tu Youyou led the research group to compile the "Antimalarial Single Test Formula Collection" based on collecting more than 2,000 prescription drugs, and carried out experimental research on more than 200 kinds of traditional Chinese medicines.
In the hope of finding an effective ingredient in the fight against malaria.
However, they have been failing, going through more than 380 times.
First, they found pepper and aspirin extracts, which had a high inhibition rate against rat malaria.
Then went to Hainan Island, a high-incidence area for malaria, to do clinical trials, but unfortunately the results were not ideal.
Watching malaria rage and continue to take people's lives, Tu Youyou's heart is full of confusion and helplessness.
What's more, with the escalation of the movement, the "523" research group also had to suspend its research work.
Tu Youyou had to obey the overall situation and do other things that had nothing to do with scientific research.
However, Tu Youyou did not give up the search.
She heard that There was a secret recipe for malaria in Sichuan, and she secretly went to learn the scriptures by taking advantage of her work.
In 1971, the "523" project was revived, and Tu Youyou continued to serve as the head of the section.
According to ancient medical records, they did experiments on artemisia annua extraction through modern technology, but the results were not ideal.
Therefore, Tu Youyou proposed to completely follow the ancient recipe and directly extract the ingredients from fresh artemisia annua.
In that era when authority could not be questioned, Tu Youyou also boldly overturned the established theory, adhered to a scientific and rigorous attitude, and made many attempts that made others seem impossible.
The kung fu paid off, and they finally discovered artemisinin.
Then came the long and urgent clinical phase.
In order to pass the toxicity test of artemisinin as soon as possible, Tu Youyou took the lead in taking the first medicine, and it was also double the dose.
Before that, her body had many problems, coupled with ether poisoning during the extraction process, all indicators were extremely poor.
But she said she doubled the dose so that the second batch of people who tried the drug would no longer be doubled.
In order to suppress her body's adverse reactions, she had to rely on eating popsicles to reduce the fire.
Yo yo deer singing, eating wild artemisia.
I have a guest, Tokuyin Kong Zhao.
Tu Youyou, who personally ate "Artemisia" to try the medicine, Deyin is such a Kong Zhao.
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Before the advent of artemisinin, about 400 million people worldwide were infected with malaria each year, and at least one million people lost their lives as a result.
The advent of artemisinin-based drugs has become a life-saving miracle drug for people to fight malaria.
However, outside the industry, the name "Tu Youyou" is almost unknown to anyone.
In 2011, Tu youyou won the Lasker Prize, the most prestigious biomedical award in the United States.
This "female medicine god" who has no academician title and no doctorate is widely known to the outside world for the first time.
In 2015, Tu Youyou won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.
This is the first time that a Chinese scientist has won the Nobel Prize in Science for scientific research conducted in China, and the highest award won by the Chinese medical community so far.
In 2016, Tu Youyou was awarded the "Moving China" 2015 Person of the Year.
In 2017, Tu Youyou won the country's highest science and technology award.
In 2019, Tu Youyou was awarded the "Order of the Republic", the highest honor of the country.
After winning the Nobel Prize, Tu Youyou delivered a keynote speech at the Karolinska Institutet in Sweden, and the host half-knelt down to hold the microphone for her.
She said:
Artemisinin is a gift from Traditional Chinese medicine to the world.
She also said: This is not only a personal honor awarded to me, but also a reward and encouragement to all the Chinese scientists.
Yo yo deer singing, eating wild mustard.
I have guests, drums and drums.
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