10. Xuancheng Zhixue College
Xing Shaoshan
In ancient times, Xuancheng was "the state of etiquette in Jiangnan literature", "scholars and doctors revered courtesy, dun practiced, and used the breeze and high festivals to improve the last customs, while the scholars read books as articles, refused to follow the same tricks, in order to become the good of the times and customs"; not only the humanities flourished, but also had a good style of study. Luo Rufang, the prefect of Xuancheng in the Ming Dynasty, played a role in "orthodox learning" and wanted to show his ambitions here. Shuixi Academy in Xuanchengjing County was once the place where Wang Shouren's disciples Qian Dehong and Wang Qi taught, and Wang Qi and Wang Gen were equally famous. Soon after Luo Rufang took office, he rebuilt Shuixi Academy, "When the age is over, the lecture hall is always full. He also borrowed the vacant house of Xuancheng Kaiyuan Temple to establish the "Zhixue Academy" from The Imperial Household of The Imperial Household, and Ming Li Chunfang recorded this in the Records of the Zhixue Academy, "But please ask the Superintendent Yushi Gengjun to abolish the temple site camp." The former is the five trees in the lobby, with the first master Confucius wood lord in the middle; the back hall five trees, set up the Yangming prince wood lord. There are four districts on the left and right, and five districts on each side. Zhou Yuan is built, and the bamboo buds are loose. It is called 'Zhixue Academy'. "Also" more than 200 acres of land, the prefectural rent in front of the house 14 two have a strange, for the worship fee and membership funds. (Ming Shen Shouchang's "The Beginning of the Academy") He not only gave lectures in person, but also invited Xuancheng Daru Gong Anguo, Shen Yu, Mei Shoude and other co-chaired speakers, so that Benyi "could not be a scholar in poverty, and probably recited according to it", and hundreds of people from all over the world came to study. Even the prisoners of the crime let them listen to the lectures, and truly achieved "teaching without class".
"Xuancheng Zhixue Academy" is the earliest and largest academy in Xuancheng, "Xuancheng Xinxue" originated from this, and later NingguoFu was full of talents and elegant style. Luo Rufang's disciple Chen Luxiang also came to the academy to give a lecture. The earliest academy "sutra" began in the middle of Jiajing Jiazi (1564) and the next year (1565) Meng Chun Gong zhen. Luo Jun was the mastermind, and Xiecheng pushed Li Weiguanye. (Ming Li Chunfang's "Records of Zhixue Academy") In the first year of the Wanli Calendar (1573), Luo Rufang's period of observance expired, and he was reinstated as the prefect of Dongchang (東昌, in modern Liaocheng, Shandong). Soon, he was changed to the deputy envoy of the Inspector of Yunnan Province and was divided into Yongchang. In the fifth year of the Wanli Calendar (1577), Luo Rufang official Bai right to participate in politics. Soon, because he entered Beijing on official business, he was invited to give a lecture at Guanghui Temple outside the city, and people from the DPRK and China went to listen to the lecture one after another, which aroused the dissatisfaction of Zhang Juzheng, the first assistant of the cabinet and a university scholar, and he impeached Luo Rufang. "Gangneung Xianggong Zhang Juzheng (1525-1582), an official of Xiangguo and with great power, always opposed the free teaching of the academy. He believed that the scholars "shook the imperial court, messed up the name, hid the filth, and fled for profit." He believed that as long as efforts were made to straighten out the official studies at all levels, "the sages are trained by scripture, and the state is a person with scripture." If you can understand the scriptures, you are learning. Why don't you mark the portal again, gather the party and empty. Therefore, he demanded that "in the future, all the officials who are appointed to study and supervise the instructors to be Confucians should be sure to make sure that the scriptures they have studied in their daily lives are righteous, that they really pay attention to them, and that they practice in order to use them for his daily use." It is forbidden to create other academies, gather disciples in groups, and call on others to travel to eat and eat, and talk about waste, so they open the door of competition and open the road of entrustment. "By the seventh year of the Wanli Calendar, Zhang Juzheng banned all 64 academies in the world on the pretext that the governor of Changzhou, Shi Guanminke, had amassed the people's wealth and privately created a college." After Jiangling Xianggong Zhang Juzheng had a desire to win the favor, the speakers gave more lectures, and Gangneung Street passed on the abolition of the academy and the prohibition of lectures. In 1579, Wan Li Ji Di (1579) moved the academy to the Office of TheOry and Punishment, and the trade field was worth the north gate dam fee, and the ground rent was still returned to the government. (Ming Shen Shouchang's "The Beginning of the Academy") Shen Shouchang in this text is talking about the situation at that time. In order to preserve the survival of the academy, it had to be "moved to the academy as a criminal office, and the trade field was worth the north gate dam fee, and the ground rent was still returned to the government." (Ming Shen Shouchang's "The Beginning of the Academy", the same below) After that, "the former site of the Academy was either a private house or a eunuch garden." Woohoo! It is no different from the past. ”
The rise and fall of Xuancheng Zhixue Academy has been a lot of wind and rain, not only human disasters, but also natural disasters. By the tenth year of the Wanli Calendar (1582), the waves were turbulent, Xuancheng was flooded, the houses, fields, and crops were washed away, the academy had closed, and the people were not happy. At that time, the treasury was empty, and there was no way to distribute relief grain, and the prefects at that time, Chen Gongxiang, Taifu Liao Gong, Yi Shou Yin Gong, Bei Qigao Gong, and Si Li Lü Gong, they were all sad and wept. The only task at this time is disaster relief. In terms of disaster relief, they took two measures, one was to write to the hospital department, and strive to request that Xuancheng's land endowment be discounted and the levy be delayed, so that the people could reduce their burdens; The first is to raise funds for disaster relief. Liao Gong first took the lead in donating his own hundreds of dollars, and as an advocate of this behavior, other people also donated varying amounts of money. For other people, they divided the grades according to the different situations of the local people's poor and rich, and sent people to the villages to collect donations according to the place of household registration, and most of the citizens responded, and finally donated a total of more than 5,000 gold. With this relief, in addition to distributing grain from warehouses, they distributed relief money to the people, and also used a part of these funds to build the broken polder, so that the displaced victims went back to cultivate their land again. In the end, ten hundred gold remained. What about the remaining money, they used the remaining money to purchase a few acres of fertile land with the consent of the superior court. These fields were rented and planted, and the grain collected was disposed of according to the method of tribute, and stored for later disaster relief. In the end, there were still a hundred gold left, so what to do, the prefect Chen Gongxiang, Taifu Liao Gong and others decided to build a college. However, it cost a lot of money to build the academy, and the cost was not enough for Chen Hou to take the lead and donate money, and finally on the original site, the academy "began in April of the eleventh year of the Wanli calendar (1583), and the more June it was completed, only fifty years later." (Ming Ma Rong,"Records of the New College to Be Studied," the same below) "The courtyard is the hall of the three trees, the front is the door, said to be a brick wall, the urn is made of boulders, the grand and firm, the feet hang forever." "After the academy was built, what name was given to it, there were no students at that time, it was called "to be learned". "Waiting", what does it mean, "Husband and wife, Qi ye, Yu Ye." In such a famine year, why should we build a college, they believe that "for the people to count for charity, for the people to count farming, but also for the people who are cultivating, but also for the sake of the people who cultivate, but to know the so-called "waiting" of the day before, the special temporary relief, and the Hou "waiting" is far away..... Those who are particularly concerned about the people, and Hou Liu who is worried about teaching, after the relief, outside the maintenance, or far away." That is to say, disaster relief is a temporary, and improving the people's literacy is the foundation for saving and supporting the people.
In 1589, when The Zhangpu man Chen Gongxiang Yihou came to Xuancheng, he lamented the incident and resolved to rebuild a brand new academy. On the east side of the mansion, he found a piece of land, a pheasant belt, around the creek ring, on the left and right sides of the Pavilion Floating Map, before and after the Xuan Palace, Fan Yu staggered in between, the terrain is high and dry, the terrain is very good. Chen Gongxiang was ugly (1589) and built three floors of the academy, three rooms on each floor, with the words "To be studied" on it. In it, a sacrifice was added to Mr. Mei Shoudezhu of Kinkei and the ancestor Shen Gulingong. Later, when Ren Yin (1602) was old, Zhang Jiayan, a Hutan man who was in charge of the affairs of the official office, proposed the construction of the Tianzhu Tower and moved the academy next to it. The academy moved for less than ten years, pointing directly at Luo Gong, a Wukang man, and proposed to destroy the Tianzhu Building, and people had to store the huge material in the building in the academy, but when it was demolished, the main hall was shaken, and there was not much time, the beams were broken, the walls collapsed, the tiles were broken, and the rafters did not exist. belch! After a few years, Chen Jinghua, a guangwen Yixing person, sent people to the schools in various counties to be trained, specializing in sacred studies, Yu Shouchang whispered with Chen Jinghua about wanting to do it in the academy, and when the two arrived at the academy, they were relatively stunned, seeing this ruined scene, the two discussed rebuilding the academy, but felt that the cost was difficult to raise, so they asked Mr. Zhan Chongnan, the deputy of the Xian Dynasty, to pay tribute to Mr. Zhan Chongnan, but they did not expect that Mr. Zhan Chongnan would spend twenty gold to reward and help repair. Later, people studied with Mr. Zhan Chongnan and donated money one after another. Guangwen Gong was also not cold felt, and then donated his own Ten Gold. Yu Shouchang's female brother-in-law Zhang Wuquan, Congdi Shousong and others also donated enthusiastically and cooperated with ribs to make up for the lack of funds, which also became a grand event at that time. Since then, many brothers and friends have also donated varying amounts of money according to their own economic situation, continuously, and they have tried to raise funds in many ways, especially from Brother Shouyue. Hearing this news above, Xu Dayi, a taizun Xi person, Fan Zhiquan, a criminal Yucheng person, and Chen Gongtailai, a Zhongzun Xinchang person, met for a while, and there was no one who did not do his best to help, and the formerly abandoned academy was restored again. Later, the eaves of the courtyard was added to the Chuan Hall, and three platforms were erected to sit on the ancestral Confucian gods. The three trees in the back hall were changed to warm houses, and the slope in front of the house was inappropriate, because the slope was leveled, the trap was made up, and the tide was stuffed; the wall was steeped to increase the two compartments, and the residents and visitors all had a perch. The back base is eight feet high and the front base is about eight feet high, bypassed by grades, and the barrier stone is ascended and descended, and the twists and turns follow its degree. Zuo Zeng's kitchen fell three times, two churches before and after. (Ming Shen Shouchang's "The Beginning of the Academy") There was also an unexpected discovery during the construction.
The foundation here is all strong valley, and the craftsmen chiseled a pool under the right eaves behind the hall to prepare for water storage, but when it was chiseled to more than two feet, a clear spring oozed out of the strong valley, and people were surprised, and even some people said: This is the manifestation of the ancestors of Wencheng to help the prosperity of the academy, so it is named "Holy Spring". The environment of the college has been renovated, a large number of flowers and trees have been planted, and a garden-style school has been built to provide students with a first-class learning environment. And personally wrote the inscription "Zhengxue Academy Tree Planting" The academy is actually a human resources library, "The rule of the holy spring world, with the wisdom of the Tao and the action, and the right customs, to get the talents, Gai Mo is not due to learning." In the 48th year (1709) Tong Fuwei was appointed as the prefect of Ningguo. At the beginning of the shouxuan, that is, in the event of a catastrophe and a major epidemic, Tong Fuwei drove deep into the countryside, on the one hand, to provide disaster relief and on the other hand, to try to restore production. After he learned of the great effect of the Tongkeng Dam on Xingnong and the "disease of accumulating profits", in the autumn of that year, Tong Fuwei led people to "measure the water and put it on the rafters, plan dredging, comprehensive treatment, and always carry the three-stream river water in one dam." Due to the huge cost of the project, tong gong dam was repaired twice in the ninth year of Qingrenzong Jiaqing (1804) and the twenty-eighth year of Dezong Guangxu (1902). Tong Fuwei spent ten years in Xuancheng, persuading the people and priests to promote the advantages and eliminate the disadvantages. He "listened to the government and collected the wind, but also thought of repairing the ruins": rebuilt the East Min Xi Bridge in Yidong, repaired the embankment of the Qingyi River, built the South Tower of Aofeng, built the Ku She, restored the Wenchang Pavilion and the Seven Sages Ancestral Hall, and revived the Zhengxue Academy founded by the Ming dynasty scholar Luo Rufang. Tong Fuwei said in the "First Monument of the Re-correction of the Academy": "Yu Lai guarded the Wanling Tomb, and from the beginning to the beginning, he gathered many scholars in the Xue palace and examined the ceremony, because he asked about the customs. There is a Zhengxue Academy in the south of Zhicheng, but unfortunately it has been abandoned for a long time, and there are only survivors in the hall number house, and it is said: 'It is the responsibility of the guardian of the land'. "It is the responsibility of the guardian of the land", which shows Tong Fuwei's extremely high understanding of the Revision Academy. With this realization, he consulted with his colleagues and doctors, and everyone donated money to rebuild it. The collapsed part is raised by one floor and merged into a triple, facing the north building, called the "South Building", so that it is condescending. Outside, two archways were built, connecting the passages from the outside, and together the inscriptions are still called "Zhengxue Academy". The restoration of the academy "began on the first day of February in the 51st year of the Kangxi Dynasty and was completed on the seventh day of the first month of the 52nd leap month." (Tong Fuwei in "The First Monument of the Re-correction Academy", the same below) They also bought fields to support scholars, hired famous people as teachers, and taught students. Tong Fuwei also spent his spare time here with the gentlemen. Since then, the style of study has gradually become stronger, "and the reason for his thinking and learning is exactly what Fu Yao Shun's way has been passed down repeatedly." Confucius was given the meaning of the subtle words, and the four sons and five sutras were also in it. Zhu Zi clustered Confucianism, and his learning covered it. Ercheng Zi Lord respects poor reason, plain and kind, people know his Qin Siyan's diligence, but do not know his calm and nurturing secrets, know his different Jinxi biased to quiet, and do not know that his different Hunan is biased toward movement, this special acceptance of scholars' doubts and distortions. In order to encourage students to read and read through, tong Fu also planted bamboo willow flowers and grasses in the academy after restoring zhengxue college and Wenchang Pavilion to decorate the environment. To this end, Tong Fuwei also wrote the inscription of "Tree Planting in Zhengxue Academy" to encourage students to read, he said, learning and planting trees is the same, I hope you "with the heart of planting trees and the study of colonization, with the heart of colonization and planting trees, is it not sincere and fortunate?" (Qing Tong Fuwei,"The Record of Planting Trees in Zhengxue Academy")
Tong Fuwei also summoned "Junyi Zhixiu" to compile the "Interpretation of the Sacred Sayings" to belong to the county, "referring to the advantages and disadvantages of Chen, and alerting the conscience"; he also wrote a million-word masterpiece "Second Floor Narrative", which described the history, humanities, mountains, rivers, and customs of Xuancheng from ancient times to that time, which can be called Xuancheng's "encyclopedia"; it can be described as a remarkable political achievement. As Mei Wending, a great scientist of Xuancheng in the Qing Dynasty, said: "(Tong) is a public one, and the people of the county are more alive." In the forty-eighth year of the Kangxi Dynasty, the prefect Tong Fuwei restored the Zhengxue Academy, constructed Wenchangtai, built the South Building, and built the Pupu, all under the supervision of the eleventh grandson Sun Yanhui. Sun Yanhui's second son, You'en, was generous and courageous, and Yongzheng Jiachen, the prefect Huang Yaopu, restored the Temple of Literature, that is, supervised by You'en and Liu Pu. The price of rice in Yongzheng Bing's noon year soared, and Sun You'en took out the rice stored in his own family to reduce the value of the rice. In the third year of Daoguang (1823), Xuancheng flooded again, Yangxian was broken, and the fifteenth Sun Guixun hired boats to save countless people, and also poured money into grain to help the People, and set up a porridge factory in fucheng to give coffins to the people. In the twenty-seventh year of Daoguang (1847), he funded the reconstruction of the Xuancheng County Confucian Temple, and in the twenty-ninth year, he raised more than 21,000 silver in Ningzhi Liuyi to fund the anointing of Jingting Academy with interest. In the early Qing Dynasty, the grandfather of the great poet Shi Yanzhang, Shi Hongyou, and the Xuancheng scholar Wang Weiqing were trained by Chen Luxiang and were known as "Chen Men Zengyan". They advocated the "Liuyi Tongren Association", which made the "Xuancheng Heart Study" flourish for a while and became a major source of the famous "Xuancheng Poetry School" theory in the early Qing Dynasty.
History often repeats, records and mocks some people who joke with history, and due to the continuous military incident, Xuancheng's scenic spots and monuments have gradually been damaged. In the winter of 1937, the Japanese bombed many times, and a number of scenic spots, such as the Xuancheng Zhixue Academy, which towered behind the Chibi of Aofeng Peak, were devastated and became rubble. After liberation, the people of Xuancheng rebuilt Aofeng Park and stepped up its opening to the outside world. At the same time, Xuancheng Middle School, which continues the Ningguofu Academy, has become the highest and best school for ordinary middle schools in Xuancheng, and has cultivated a large number of construction talents for the country.