Key technology for high-quality and high-yield farming of crucian carp
Tang Libiao [Jishan Huayao self-media network debut] crucian carp is a tender and tender species with high nutritional value, and it is also one of the farmed fish favored by consumers. In order to achieve high productivity and efficiency in crucian carp farming, it is necessary to provide scientific and technological support. In this paper, starting from the rational selection of breeding ponds, the high-quality and high-yield culture technology of crucian carp is analyzed.
First, rational selection of aquaculture ponds
The pond environment is extremely important for crucian carp growth. In order to increase crucian carp production and quality, farmers must choose a well-sized pond as a breeding base. In general, the area of fish ponds should be between 5-10 acres, and the water depth in the pond should not exceed 2.5m; of course, it should not be shallower than 1.5m. In order to facilitate farming, the bottom and sides of the pond should be trimmed to ensure that the shape of the pond is neat before water injection. The bottom should be laid with sand and the embankment widened and raised to ensure its stability and safety of use. At the same time, the trimmed ponds should have the characteristics of not seeping water and not flooding in case of flooding, so as to facilitate the development of fishing work. Before releasing fry, the fish pond should be thoroughly cleaned and disinfected with drugs to remove harmful substances and pathogens from the fish pond to provide conditions for the growth of crucian carp fry. When clearing the pond, it is best to drain the water, if the pond is inconvenient to drain, you can also bring water to clear the pond, but it must be cleared after one week before the fry can be put in.
Second, realize the stocking and domestication of fish species
The stocking and domestication of fish species must follow scientific laws and need to be carried out by breeders under accurate calculation and reasonable planning. When stocking fingerlings, farmers can choose to combine crucian carp and silver carp with culture. For example, crucian carp fingerlings and silver carp fingerlings should be placed in an 8:2 ratio. This is the most suitable high-yield culture model. Moreover, farmers should adjust the stocking density of crucian carp according to its size. If the size of crucian carp is around 50g, the density can be adjusted to 1500-1800 fish/mu; if the body length of crucian carp is between 3-4 cm, then the stocking density can be adjusted to 1000-1200 fish/mu. The size of silver carp reared in ponds is about 20-60 g, so its stocking density can be set to 150-170 fish/acre. In addition, in order to improve the survival rate of fingerlings, the fingerlings must be soaked in 3% salt water for about 15 minutes before entering the water, and the disinfection can be completed by soaking in potassium permanganate solution with a concentration of 15mg/L for 25 minutes.
Fingerling domestication is also an important part of crucian carp farming. Crucian carp generally lives in the middle and lower layers of the water body, so it is necessary to learn to float and grab food through domestication, thereby reducing feed costs and improving the efficiency of aquaculture. Domestication at the fingerling stage is relatively simple. In practice, an appropriate amount of food attractants can be added to the fish food, which can shorten the time of domestication and improve the effectiveness of domestication, so that the crucian carp in the pond can automatically float up and grab food within the specified time. The denser the stocking density of crucian carp, the easier it is to be domesticated. Of course, there are many ponds where the crucian carp density cannot be changed, so another way is needed. For example, crucian carp density can be artificially increased by pumping water and lowering the water level in ponds. This is not only very beneficial to domestication, but also allows the water temperature in the pond to rise, further promoting the growth of fish. It should be noted that farmers should ensure that the pond water quality is clear during the domestication of the fingerlings, and should place the carp in the pond after the domestication is completed.
Third, the implementation of scientific feeding methods
Scientific feeding is an important way to improve the effectiveness of crucian carp farming. Farmers should rationally allocate feed according to the growth rate of crucian carp, the breeding density and the type of crucian carp, and carry out feeding work regularly and quantitatively. Crucian carp feeding intensity will change with the change of water temperature, when the crucian carp finished eating its weight may lose weight, will maintain a metabolic state. Therefore, farmers must measure the amount of feed fed, so as to avoid over-feeding, resulting in crucian carp being sick or dead due to oversatisity. For this reason, farmers should calculate the amount of feeding required per day in a scientific way. When fish are at different stages of development, their daily intake is also different. For example, if the crucian carp is in the juvenile stage, the feeding amount should be one-tenth of its body weight, and if the crucian carp is in the adult stage, the feeding amount should be about 3% of its body weight. Also, the amount fed should not match the amount of crucian carp feeding, just 80% of its population. Of course, farmers can also use the dissolved oxygen content of water quality to calculate the daily feeding amount. For example, 5 mg/L is the standard for dissolved oxygen content in the pond, and the amount of crucian carp feeding in this case is the standard feeding amount. If the dissolved oxygen content in the pond is 3.5 mg/L, the amount of crucian carp feeding at this time should be reduced by 15% compared with the standard feeding amount; if the dissolved oxygen content in the pond is reduced to 2.5 mg/L, the feed feeding amount should be reduced by 40% compared with the standard amount; if the dissolved oxygen content in the pond cannot reach 2 mg/L, the farmer should not continue feeding. In addition, when feeding, farmers should choose the particle size of the feed according to the specifications of crucian carp, and should carefully follow the principle of "from small to large" to prepare feed. Whether it is manual feeding or mechanical equipment feeding, it is necessary to control the number and time of feeding. The single feeding time should be maintained within 15-30 minutes; 3-5 feedings per day in the juvenile stage and 2-3 feedings per day in the adult stage.
Fourth, deepen daily management
The quality of day-to-day management of fish ponds is also closely related to the quality of crucian carp farming. Farmers need to insist on patrolling the pond and monitoring the situation of the fish pond. At least 2 times a day to patrol the pond, if you find that the water quality in the pond has become unexplained or the crucian carp floating head must be treated immediately to avoid serious adverse effects. Moreover, farmers also need to pay attention to the water level changes of fish ponds at all times, and reasonably regulate the water level according to local seasonal changes and the growth of fry, so as to provide a superior growth environment for fish. In order to promote fish growth, farmers can regularly inject new water into the fish pond. For example, you can change the water of the fish pond on a regular basis, and the amount of water can be changed in a single time to reach 30% of the total water volume of the fish pond. Fish ponds should be kept clean by changing water and cleaning so that fry can grow in safe, clean and large operating conditions. In addition, farmers should also monitor and measure the water quality of the fish pond, understand the real situation of the fish pond in real time and make reasonable adjustments. Fish ponds can also be equipped with pumps, aerators and other equipment, in order to reduce the incidence of fish diseases and achieve high quality and high yields.
5. Conclusion
In short, in order to achieve high quality and high yield of crucian carp through aquaculture, it is necessary to improve the scientific nature of all aspects of work. Starting from the construction of crucian carp breeding fish ponds, every step of crucian carp breeding work must follow the growth needs of crucian carp, and scientific methods, reasonable technology and effective management should be used to improve the quality of crucian carp breeding and achieve high yield and income.
