Indian Maoists: Modi's confidants are in trouble
Author: Li Pink
1. Twitter
"My heart is with the families of the martyrs who fought the Maoists in Chhattisgarh." On April 3, a tweet by Prime Minister Narendra Modi shook the Indian government and opposition.
Modi's tweet (Source: Cow Playing)
Over the weekend, Indian security forces under Modi suffered heavy casualties under an ambush by Maoist guerrillas. Twenty-two were killed, more than 10 were unknown, and 31 were wounded, a significant portion of whom were from India's most elite special forces. Less than halfway through 2021, Modi has already lost to the Maoists for the third time.
Previously, on March 5, the Indian Maoists killed 4 elites in a guerrilla war against the Indian government; on March 23, the vehicles of the Indian security forces were attacked by the Indian Maoists, killing 5 and wounding 5. The Indian Maoists did not have international equipment and material support, but the size of the army grew from a hundred to 10,000 people, and weapons evolved from dependence on capture to self-production by the military industry.
The Indian Maoists are getting stronger and stronger
Modi's predecessor, former Prime Minister Manmohan Singh, once called for "Indian Maoists to be the greatest security threat in India". Under the joint strangulation of successive prime ministers, the Indian Maoists became stronger and stronger. In the past, the Indian Maoists fought with knives, guns and sticks, but now rocket launchers, mines, remotely controlled bombs and other weapons of mass destruction are frequently unveiled.
"Redistributing land", "overthrowing the exploiting classes", "equality for all", "against oppression". These slogans are so familiar and common to Chinese, but in India, in a country where caste systems and exploitation are rampant, these four slogans have inspired generations of poor and high-caste idealists to throw their heads and blood.
The Indian Maoists vowed to overthrow the government, the caste system and the system of exploitation
Charu Mazonda is one of them.
Second, ideal
"Mao Zedong of India", the founder of the Indian Maoist faction... These are the praises and titles that the Indians have given to Mazonda. In 1918, Majongda was born in Darjeeling County, West Bengal, India. Mazonda was born with a golden key, and his father was a large local landowner with a small family. With a strong physique, abundant energy and intelligent brain, Mazonda's parents were satisfied with him with a thousand or ten thousand, providing food and clothing, extending the invitation to a good teacher, hoping that the young Mazonda could stand out and become a professional politician, contributing to the family's leap.
Mazonda: Founder of the Maoist faction in India
At the age of 18, Majongda traveled to Pabna and was admitted to edward college in present-day Bangladesh for higher education.
Coming out of the greenhouse, Mazonda saw the vast and dark world outside. Mazonda's family seems to be a high-end cotton core, with a fair appearance and soft skin, and there is no trace of scars on his body.
The people outside were mostly low-caste dalits of poor origin, their spines like knots; they were hungry and cold, their collarbones were exposed high, like the collars of a pet dog's neck; scars were all over the body, from the chest to the hips, some were whip marks given by the high castes, and some were marks of time.
Most of these Untouchable Indians, who have been starving all their lives, do not have their own land. Mazonda gradually learned that 80% of India's population lives in rural areas, and 15% of high-caste landlords sit on 85% of the land, exploiting the people for generations through three land systems.
The tax package system originated in 1793 and was widely introduced on 40% of India's arable land. The high-caste landowners who cooperated with the British East India Company at the time could be granted hereditary land by the British lord as long as they paid regular taxes. The high-caste landlords never worked, but instead subcontracted the land out, and for two hundred years, the Indian landlord's ability to subcontract was jaw-dropping to Mazonda.
Mazonda's family's land was only subcontracted 10 times, but the land near the school was subcontracted more than 50 times. Under layers of exploitation, the lowest farming families need to use 90% of their hard work as rent.
The peasant tenant system and the tax system appeared in the same period, there was no middleman, the peasants directly farmed for the British masters, and 30% to 50% of the output was directly handed over to the colonial government. Whenever there is a natural or man-made disaster, the peasants have to mortgage their land to large landowners in exchange for usurious loans with interest rates of up to 300%, and finally fall into the net of usury. On 51% of India's arable land, the peasant tenant system is practiced, which is passed down from generation to generation along with the genes of the lower castes.
The united village lease system arose in 1822, and the land was allocated to peasants on the basis of villages. Ninety percent of Indian farmers suffer, and more than half of the year's harvest goes to the village bosses.
Like Leo Tolstoy, Mazonda increasingly felt that life before college was a "game of the old master." The seeds of ideals were planted inches in every inch, and Mazonda vowed to eliminate exploitation in India.
3. Obscure rural Party members
In 1938, Mazonda betrayed his class and joined the Communist Party of India. At this time, the CPI was lined with mountains, some supported Mao Zedong's ideas, and the countryside surrounded the cities; some supported the leadership of the Soviet Union and launched urban strikes; and some were big landlords and high-caste children who did not approve of the CPI program in their hearts and infiltrated the CPI, just to earn political capital to join the parliament.
Soon the Soviet Union was drawn into World War II, and in order to deal with Hitler, the Soviet Union accepted anabolic material assistance from Britain and the United States, and as a condition, the Soviet Union forced the pro-Soviet faction of the CPI to abandon the struggle against the British colonizers.
After the end of World War II, the contradictions within the CPI could not be bridged, and it split into the CPI and the CPI (MCC). Portraits of Chairman Mao were hung on the cpusnaise of the Communist Party of India (MCA) to emulate the Chinese route. After reading a large number of documents on the Chinese revolution, Ma Zongda chose to join the Communist Party of India (MA), and he firmly believed that only the Chinese line was the right way in the world.
In 1946, Mazonda came to Bengal and led the local peasant movement, demanding that landlords reduce the rent to one-third of the original rent, so it was called the Trinity Rent Reduction Movement by local farmers. Mazonda was weak and was soon suppressed, and he himself was imprisoned.
In 1952, after his release, Ma zongda did not change his original intention, returned to his hometown of Siliguri to propagate Maoism, and opened training classes for farmers and workers, arousing the sense of heroism of the poor people.
In 1955, nazarbari's workers were owed wages by the black-hearted bosses, and their wives and children were cut off from cooking, and they were about to starve to death. "Indian law will not really solve your suffering, but should immediately harvest the grain of the landlords, raise the red flag, and protect yourself with arms like Chinese!" At Mazonda's call, more than 10,000 tea workers carried sickles and spears, disarmed the local police force, and filled their stomachs with grain from the landlord's family.
Encouraging the victory, in 1966, Mazonda led a general strike of tea workers, forcing local tea merchants to improve workers' treatment. In November of the same year, farmers in Nassarbari systematically began to harvest grain and seize police guns.
For 60 years, Indian Maoist guerrillas have repeatedly eliminated the Indian police
Fourth, beacon fire
On 3 March 1967, three desperate sharecroppers in Nassarbari found Mazonda's men.
"The emperor of the mines and the railways, on the altar of the gods, is incomparably ugly. What did they do other than loot other people's labor? In the safe of these gangs, the fruits of the laborers are placed. From the exploiters, the laborers simply recover blood debts. ”
Mazonda's 150 cadres, with three sharecroppers, draped in bows and arrows and scythes, sang the international anthem to the landlord's land and routinely harvested 300 litres of grain. Unexpectedly, the landlord dared to retaliate against them, And Mazonda could not bear it, and the Nassar Rebellion officially broke out.
In just one month, Mazonda organized all the local villages, 90% of the Nassar population gathered under the red flag, and the members of the Kisang Union (Indian Farmers' Association) were guaranteed from 5,000 to 40,000.
The Poor Nasars under the red flag seized land by force, seized arms, and tried the landlords. On June 10, 150 bold peasants attacked the landlord's farm, and the spoils included grain and grass, double-barreled guns, and luxury goods, and gave the landlord a shuttle. On the same day, they wiped out the police station and took all the bullets and shotguns with them.
In a short period of time, more than 200 such battles took place.
In Gandhi, then head of the Indian government, mobilized all domestic and foreign resources in fear to suppress the Nassar uprising, offering a large reward for Mazonda's first rank.
Fifth, drink hate
Mazonda's uprising not only failed to gain the support of the Communist Party of India (MCC), but was betrayed by the party's top brass. It turned out that the leadership of the Communist Party of India (Ma) gradually softened his bones after joining the Indian parliament, indulging in the lights and red wine, the cars and horses. Lured by Thein Gandhi, the infamous Madurai Resolution was introduced at the top, slandering the Nassar uprising as superfluous and wrong.
The Madurai Resolution was widely opposed by grassroots cadres, and tens of thousands of party members resigned from the party to join Madonda.com.
The Madurai Resolution was widely opposed by grassroots cadres, and tens of thousands of party members resigned from the party
Mazonda's ranks grew stronger, and the landlords and policemen began to hear about it. In 1969, they attacked a landlord in Debra, and the landlords and police within a hundred miles fled, and the Nazar guerrillas eliminated all of Debra's opponents, and 200 intact guns were collected.
Its rise is also bold, and its death is also sudden. Mazonda did not expect to drink and hate in the traitor's night.
In 1972, Mazonda's followers were arrested, tortured, coerced, and then betrayed him. Kanu, Suren, Taijiswa, and Nagushan were once Mazonda's right-hand men, but in prison, they bent their knees against Kou and wrote an open letter for Gandhi condemning Mazonda and smearing the Nassar uprising. In return, they were released from prison and ran in India's seventh general election in 1982.
Mazonda was born into a wealthy family and spent decades laying the root of his illness for the people. On July 16, 1972, the ill Mazonda was leaked by traitors and Indian police stormed their hideout in Calcutta and took Mazonda away. 12 days later, Mazonda died tragically in prison, and the cause of death was a myocardial infarction.
After Mazonda's death, his subordinates lost their leadership and fell apart. Since Ma Zongda's idol is China's Lin Biao, after Lin Biao's plane crash, many Indians disagreed over Lin Biao's merit assessment. Mazonda's men split into pro-Lin biao factions and anti-Lin Biao factions.
The divided Nassar insurgents, known as the Indian Maoists, returned to the mountains to fight guerrillas.
Since 2009, Indian Maoists have moved toward a renaissance, growing from India's southernmost state of Kerala to the northern Border with Nepal, forming a "Red Corridor" that controls a quarter of India's land and a third of its population.
Sphere of influence of the Indian Maoists in 2009 (the details of the Sino-Indian border in this chart are erroneous, just to illustrate the development of the Indian Maoists in India)
This year, they newly formed 25 platoons and 12 companies of elites, able to produce their own arms, rocket launchers, mines, remote-controlled bombs, heavy weapons, together with the Kashmiri separatist organization, the northeast part of India's separatist organization, by the Indian prime minister and called India's three major internal troubles.
India's three major internal problems