Marie Antoinette had an amazing appearance, and 6-year-old Mozart once begged the Empress to let him kiss Marie Antoin as a reward, and proposed to her solemnly: "I will marry you in the future." ”
After she became queen of Louis XVI of France, her life was profligate, leaving the treasury empty. It was rumored that when someone told her that her people had no bread to eat, she replied, "Then let them eat cake!" ”
She was described by the people of Paris as a murderous and evil witch, a shameless adulteress, but such a woman who knew only pleasure, when the French nobles fled from Paris, she used amazing willpower to firmly wait by her husband Louis XVI and defend his royal power. The French politician Mirabeau once said: "She was the only man in Versailles at that time." ”
Charles VI, Archduke of Austria and Holy Roman Emperor, who had no sons, feared that his royal power would fall away after his death, so he enacted a new law of succession, the Edict of the Nation, which in turn gave many benefits to European countries, in case after his death, his daughter's succession to the throne would be opposed by them. Then when Charles VI's daughter Maria Theresa succeeded to the throne, the European nations formed an anti-Austrian alliance that refused to recognize the legitimacy of Maria Theresa's throne. The battle took place in the Austrian province of Silesia and is known as the "War of the Austrian Throne".
After the war, Austria signed the Aachen Pact with the belligerents, and although Maria Teresa's succession was granted, Austria's Silesia was ceded to Prussia, while most of Italy's territory was ceded to Spain and the Kingdom of Sardinia.
In order to compete with Prussia for Silesia, Austria waged a war against Britain and Prussia in the Seven Years' War between France and Russia. The war can actually be considered the real "World War I" because it spread throughout Europe, North America, India, and the seas.
But Austria did not profit from this, and it suffered heavy losses at the Battle of Prague and the subsequent Prussian Raid. The defeats in this war were a devastating blow to Austria.
In the 18th century, France and Britain also had great conflicts over overseas colonies. France wanted to fight for British maritime supremacy through the Seven Years' War. But the results often backfire. France relinquished control of India, Canada, and the east bank of the Mississippi River after the war. The war caused Louis XV to lose the trust of the French people. The Treaty of Paris, signed after the war, was one of the most humiliating events of the French monarchy.
After the war, in order to consolidate the alliance between France and Austria, Louis XV proposed a marriage to Austria.
In April 1770, Marie Antoinette, who had just turned 14, left Vienna. Maria Theresa married her youngest daughter, Marie Antoinette, to Louis XV's grandson Louis Augustus, the only future King of France to be guillotineed.
As soon as she entered France, Marie Antoinette was asked to change into the costumes of the French court.
The housekeeper, Count De Noières, took her pet dog with her as soon as she saw Marie Antoinette, which made her realize that at this moment she was no longer the little princess of Maria Teresa, Grand Duke of Austria, but the Princess of France.
Marie Antoinette sat in a carriage bound for the Royal Palace. She looked at a picture of her future husband. His eyes were so charming.
The women of the French court were waiting to see what the princess would look like, while the young aristocratic men in the court wanted to see how amazing The most beautiful little princess in Austria was.
Louis XV had been expecting Marie Antoinette to give birth to their son with her grandson Louis Auguste. This is particularly important for both Austria and France. This means that the alliance between France and Austria will be more solid.
Not long after Marie Antoinette arrived in France, she and Louis Auguste had a lavish wedding. This, in the eyes of France and Austria, expressed the joy of the two countries for the alliance and marriage, and of course, it was indispensable for the two countries to show off their respective financial resources.
Despite Marie Antoinette's stunning looks, she still failed to evoke the X desires of her husband, Louis Auguste. Louis August seems to have been obsessed only with hunting and riding horses. He has a dull personality and is reticent.
A life of shared beds and dreams could not have made Marie Antoinette pregnant with a child who cemented the Relationship between France and Austria. This made Louis XV and Marie Antoinette's mother, Maria Teresa, anxious. Preemptively conceiving royal blood before other female relatives in the court could establish Marie Antoinette's position in the French royal family.
In addition, Marie Antoinette could not accept talking to Madame Dubré, the mistress of King Louis XV, and was reminded by repeated letters from her mother. Marie Antoinette's contempt for Madame Dubré was a denial of the joy of life of King Louis XV. Without royal children, Marie Antoinette would not be able to fulfill the political tasks entrusted to her by her mother, Maria Theresa.
She made overtures to her husband again and again at night, but to no avail.
In order not to make King Louis XV angry, she and Madame Dubari said the only thing: "There are many people who have come to Versailles today!" Afterwards, she vowed that she would never again pay attention to this unknown J-woman.
At the same time of the day he was awakened by the steward Count De Noyllis and his servants, praying and eating with her husband without a word. The dull court life and the pressure of the French and Austrian royal families made her slowly immerse herself in the hedonistic life of clothing, jewelry, food, and opera.
Years later, Louis Auguste also slowly showed a fondness for his wife, Marie Antoinette. He promised that he would slowly improve his physical condition through dietary therapy. In fact, it is possible that Louis XVI did not have the X dysfunction mentioned in the rumors, but only because he was still young at the time.
The ladies of the court were talking about the fact that Marie Antoinette would not be able to give birth to Louis Auguste's children, and that she must have been a spy sent by Austria to France.
Mother Maria Teresa wrote repeatedly to express her accusations of Marie Antoinette's inaction in France. The sisters used their political marriages to cement diplomatic relations between Austria and other countries. Marie Antoinette's sister-in-law also gave birth to royal blood before her. Her position was extremely unstable unless she gave birth to the son of Louis Auguste.
The unsatisfactory life made her even more intoxicated with the luxurious life of a drunken fan. At a masquerade ball, she met her lifelong love, Earl Filson.
Louis XV died in 1774 and louis XVI succeeded to the throne, and Marie Antoinette became Queen of France.
However, as a queen, she did not assume the sense of responsibility and mission that a queen should have, but instead lived a luxurious and unscrupulous life. She turned away from those who were helpful to her and to the young nobles who indulged in pleasure.
Marie Antoinette finally bore Louis XVI a daughter, Marie Tris. But the child was taken away by the housekeeper Count Denoellis as soon as she was born.
In order to win the Seven Years' War between Britain and France, Britain competed for French colonies overseas and transferred huge war expenses to the North American colonies. This made the local population determined to rise up and resist. So after the Seven Years' War, the American independence movement broke out. In order to show the world the country's financial resources, and also to weaken the British power in the American independence movement and profit from it, France continued to increase its financial support for the American independence movement even after the Seven Years' War, when its national strength was empty.
At this time, Marie Antoinette's extravagant court life overwhelmed France, which was already in financial crisis. The French people are starving, while their queen is squandering endlessly. Louis XVI spent seventy-six thousand francs to build her terriya farm. Coupled with the "Necklace Incident", although it was later proved that Marie Antoinette was innocent, it still made her position in the hearts of the French people plummet.
A jeweler received a ruby necklace from a supplier, which was set with more than three thousand rubies. But it's ugly and expensive. Jewelers did not sell it to many of the nobles in Spain, and Marie Antoinette certainly did not buy the necklace.
Jeanne de Valoror was a former British princess who became a commoner because of her ancestors' defeats in the royal power struggle. Jeanne de Valoror has always claimed to be a close friend of Queen Marie Antoinette. Although this was a lie, it convinced Cardinal Rohan of Paris, France at the time.
Rohan served as French ambassador to Austria, but offended Maria Teresa, Grand Duke of Austria, and was sent home. Maria Teresa wrote to her daughter Marie Antoinette, asking her to use her status as queen to persuade Louis XVI not to reuse Rohan. In order to get the forgiveness of Queen Marie Antoinette, Cardinal Rohan approached Jeanne de Valor.
Jeanne de Valoror told Rohan that the queen could not buy the jeweler's ruby necklace because of the country's financial crisis, and if Rohan could fulfill the queen's wishes, then as the queen's close friend, she would mediate the relationship between him and the queen. In fact, the necklace was stolen by Jeanne de Valoror and sold to the jewelry market. To ease relations with the queen, Rohan purchased the ruby necklace in installments. But it didn't take long for him to absorb the hefty debt. Within a few months the jewelers were in front of Marie Antoinette at the Palace of Versailles in Paris.
When the matter was revealed, Marie Antoinette was furious. She strongly demanded a public trial of Cardinal Rohan and the death penalty. In the end, Rohan was acquitted but exiled. Jeanne de Valor was flogged and imprisoned for life, but she later escaped to England and wrote her memoirs. In the book, she satirizes Mary Antoinette. This exacerbated the misconception of the people of Paris about the queen.
Under financial pressure, Louis XVI had to reconvene the Tertiary Council to increase taxes on the Tertiary. (France is divided into three classes, the first being Catholic monks and clergy, the second being the feudal aristocracy, and the third being the bourgeoisie, urban commoners, workers, and peasants.) ）
Marie Antoinette soon gave birth to a son for Louis XVI.
Class contradictions in France grew, and when the French people learned that Louis XVI would continue to increase their taxes, they launched an uprising against the Bastille prison. For hundreds of years, French officials could throw people who opposed the king, the nobility, and the despotism directly into the Bastille prison without trial. The capture of the Bastille prison was a struggle against the feudal despotism of France at that time.
All the officials suggested that Louis XVI and the queen should evacuate Paris and take refuge abroad, but Louis XVI insisted on staying at the palace. Marie Antoinette showed a will that many men did not have. She remained firmly with her husband, Louis XVI, defending his royal position.
Popular revolts grew, and on 20 June 1791, Louis XVI fled Paris with the queen and her children, but was unsuccessful.
The French Revolution and the encounter with King Louis XVI threatened the feudal monarchs of European countries. In 1792, Austria and Prussia formed an anti-French alliance and launched the Battle of Valmi.
After returning to Paris, Louis XVI tried in vain to contact the fleeing nobles to achieve restoration through the countries of Europe. Queen Marie Antoinette also turned to another of her brothers, Leopold II, who had sent strategic information to Austria about France and wanted to use feudal forces abroad to suppress the French revolutionary army.
When the revolutionary army discovered that the king and queen were collaborating with the enemy and betraying the country, they resolutely sent Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette to the guillotine. Throughout the process, the queen retained the grace of the court until, at the trial, they slandered Mary Antoinette for abusing her son X, leaving Marie Antoinette no longer able to remain silent. The revolutionaries were circulating pamphlets such as "The Queen Steals Q" and "JY's Children". The boy who was forced to accuse his mother of his mother was eventually tortured to death in prison.