China after the Millennium
It's at a speed that amazes the world
Rapid development
At this stage
Countless skyscrapers have also mushroomed
Breaking ground in major cities
Some of them are masculine and majestic
But some features are missing
Some have extreme personalities
However, it is difficult to be accepted by the general public
▲ Manhattan, Guangzhou, photographer @ Liu Chengyu
Of course, there are some exceptions
Take today's protagonists
She is a skyscraper
But there is no lack of vulgarity
Her styling history is unique
It is also very popular
She is - Guangzhou TV Observation Tower
He once held the title of "the world's tallest tower"
Guangzhou is extremely proud
It is now integrated with the skyline of Guangzhou
Become a new landmark of the city
▲ Haizhu Lake and Canton Tower, photographer @ Yao Chaohui
Her story begins in 2004
At this time, Guangzhou has just won
The right to host the 2010 Asian Games
It also faces the major challenge of transforming the entire city
The most dazzling building in the renovation project
It's Canton Tower
Renovation works must be completed before the opening of the 2010 Asian Games
The construction of canton towers cannot be delayed
▲ Photographer @uncle will
But
I want to be in the most beautiful posture
Become the tallest tower in the world/China
Canton Tower still needs to overcome three problems
Conundrum 1: Foundations
Canton Tower is located
The central axis of the new city meets the landscape of the Pearl River
Whenever the weather is clear or the lights are shining
Her graceful figure was reflected in the water
It is like a lady standing on the banks of the Pearl River
▲ The slender waist on the banks of the Pearl River
However, it is this wonderful location
Brings the first challenge:
Being too close to the Pearl River doesn't just mean the foundation is soft
It is also required that the base of the tower bear a lot of water pressure
So the engineers decided
Build the tower base in several phases
▲ Aerial photo of Canton Tower, very close to the Pearl River. Photographer @ Du Hualin
First of all
A huge base that will be a concrete core tube
Built directly on bedrock
Bedrock is a hard rock formation in the surface layer of land
It is generally covered by soil layers
The burial depth varies from a few meters to tens of meters
It is more suitable for foundations used for large-scale construction projects
▲ Cartography @ Lan Zeyu / Planet Research Institute
secondly
Lay the foundation for the external columns
Workers dug a ring of shafts around the core tube
Each shaft is 20 to 40 meters deep
4 m to 5 m thick
In the process of digging a well
Fixed with a circular concrete beam
To prevent wet soil from entering the shaft
After digging into the bedrock
The shaft is then poured with concrete
At last
A ring of concrete beams is erected at the top of the shaft
This connects the shaft with the huge columns
This is equivalent to every pillar of the tower
All have their own pillars
Go down deep into the bedrock
▲ Came to the ground to paint the style mutation, cartography @ Lan Zeyu / Planet Research Institute
It went through a whole year
The base of the tower, which is about 30 meters deep on average, was completed
Canton Tower has a solid foundation
Work on the ground is about to begin
A second conundrum follows
Conundrum 2: Posture
If you encounter the last problem is the pot of site selection
Then this problem is "self-inflicted"
(I'm really not cursing the little barbarian here)
In order to change the traditional TV tower kind
"A circular observation deck with a long needle stuck in it"
The universal image
▲ The general appearance of the TV tower
Designer on the shape of canton tower
Innovations were made:
The two circles are connected by a row of steel columns
Rotate both ends in reverse
Form a slim waist
This design concept looks both simple and elegant
But the engineer listened and wanted to hit someone!
She first tightened and widened her posture
Not only is there no precedent in the world
And it looks very illogical
How to shape the perfect waistline at the same time
Take into account the quality and functionality of the tower
It became the biggest challenge for engineers
▲ The appearance of the tower after it is built, cartography @ Lan Zeyu / Planet Research Institute
But that didn't bother the resourceful engineers
They found a way to make it happen
In order to better understand the engineer's ideas with the structure of the tower
We need to take the little barbarian waist apart and look at it:
At the center of the tower is a concrete hollow cylinder
Used to accommodate elevators and stairs
We call it the core tube
▲ The core barrel rises from the ground, cartography @ Lan Zeyu / Planet Research Institute
Add 5 spaces to the core barrel
Serves as a landscape corridor and equipment floor
For a more robust structure
And shape the ideal waistline
Engineers wrapped the core area with 24 steel columns
But the slender waist has a drawback
Tall towers may be deformed here
To avoid deformation
Engineers added steel ring beams to the inside of the column
Form a robust grille structure
▲ Designer @ Lan Zeyu
This is not enough
Human bones inspired engineers
The same is the broad shape on both sides and narrow in the middle
The bone in the middle part of the bone is particularly thick
Thus more robust
Engineers also tightened the ring beams in the slimiest places
This increases the intensity
At the same time, the bottom and top should be relaxed spacing
Remove more material
Makes the tower lighter
So
Canton Tower not only has a slender waist
And it's incredibly strong
Look at it holistically
Its shape is unique
Detached from the traditional impression of the TV tower
It's really eye-opening
Solves a series of structural and styling problems
It's time to build
But the tower is not built like in the previous animation
It's as simple as described
Canton Tower consists of more than 4,000 components
Take the column, for example
Each column consists of dozens of small sections of construction
Each build is huge
Need to be installed one by one
▲ Small brute waist structure close-up, pay attention to the comparison with scaffolding,
It can be seen that each component is very large
The specific method of construction is
Use a crane to hoist the steel components up
Then fix the position
The workers then welded the individual components together
Form a seamless steel skeleton
▲The oversized crane lifts the oversized components
As with many tall towers
Most of the prefabricated work of the parts is done in the factory
Only the final assembly will be carried out on site
Greatly improve the efficiency of tower construction
As the tower gets higher and higher
Rival Three is coming soon
Contravention 3: Wild Winds
As everyone knows:
The higher the altitude, the less friction there is and the greater the wind speed
Therefore, high-rise buildings are particularly afraid of the wind
Canton Tower is no exception
In this case, the altitude of 610 meters seems to be "dragging its feet"
In addition, there are frequent typhoons in the Guangzhou area
Engineers are having new problems again
▲ Before the typhoon came, photographer @ Autumn Song
But at this stage
Once "criticized", the slender waist and complex external network structure
It played a huge role
When strong winds blow through ordinary skyscrapers
A spiraling wind will form
Causes the skyscraper to shake sharply from side to side
Even in danger of collapsing
But when the strong wind blows through the small waist
The tower's overall mesh-like air leakage hole "disturbs" the whirlpool wind
The twisted figure reduces the bulkiness of the tower
Greatly weaken the swing brought about by the fierce wind
▲The wind will pass through the outer net hole
Not only that
There is also a damping device in the tower
Inside the central core tube of the TV tower near the top floor
There are two iron tanks with a capacity of 500 tons
Rails are mounted under the tank
so that the tank slides
When the tower shakes
The water tank can slide in the opposite direction through the sensor
This is used to reduce the shaking amplitude of the tower
This reduces the shaking displacement by 40%
▲ The damper of the small waist is not publicly pictured, the picture above shows the damper of the Taipei 101 Building, a large steel ball suspended on the roof by a steel cable, weighing 660 tons, the principle is the same.
Another benefit of using a water tank is
In the event of a fire
The damping tank releases water and transforms into a large fire extinguisher
It can be said that killing two birds with one stone
Besides
The tower body adopts a special level of seismic design
Withstands earthquakes of magnitude 7.8 and typhoons of magnitude 12 (149+km/h)
Designed to last more than 100 years
▲ Towering Canton Tower, photographer @ Liu Wenyu
Home and dry
August 2009
Canton Tower was finally completed
This giant tower rises from the ground on the edge of the Pearl River
Guangzhou has a proud world first
Although the safety of the aircraft is taken into account later
Down to 600 meters
But that doesn't stop her from topping the list
It is also loved by the public
The people of the whole country affectionately called her
Small brute waist
▲ The small waist contrasts with the surrounding buildings, photographer @ Liu Wenyu
In order to create a "girly look back" like a beautiful figure
The builders have broken through one construction problem after another
The result was more than 50,000 tons of steel
Construct a shape full of artistic beauty
▲ Looking from the past between the two floors, the curve of the small wild waist is more prominent, photographer @ Du Hualin
To maximize the functionality of the tower
Ladders, restaurants, and Ferris wheels were built in the tower
As well as various viewing platforms
Citizens and tourists have one more place to play
▲ Photographer @ Rogue Rabbit Vision
Tokyo Skytree, which came after 2013
Take the throne of the "world's tallest tower"
But today
It is still the second tallest tower in the world
The fifth skyscraper in the world
and the tallest tower in China
▲ God's Light and Canton Tower, photographer @ Rain
Maybe every city needs a totem
And Canton Tower
It is the new totem of Guangzhou
Also Guangzhou
Or even China
In this rapid development
A beautiful new business card to the world
▲ The "small barbarian waist" in the small barbarian waist, photographer @ North North
This article is sourced from the architectural structure, pretending to be a designer, the original title of "Building Structure 丨 Deep Pickpocket! It turns out that China's first and the world's second tallest tower- Guangzhou's small barbarian waist came from this way! 》