Two days ago, the dog buried a pit in the Rose War, described how the battle was fought, and insulted the Law by the way, please search for "Boring and Boring English Village Fight Drama, How the Rose War Was Fought". Today, continue to fill in the pit, and briefly tell you about the entire history of the Rose War.
As mentioned earlier, the Plantagenet Dynasty was divided into two branches, the Lancastrian family sitting on the throne, the protagonists being the mentally handicapped king Henry VI and his able queen Margaret, and the other being Richard, Duke of York. The Duke of York had intended to seize power through Henry VI's psychotic episode, but he was sober after a year. Feeling hopeless, Richard gave up his position as regent and planned to return to his domain and find a way to do so.
However, Margaret certainly would not let him go like this, and the woman knew that the Duke of York would definitely do something when he returned, so she took the first step to gather the centaurs and take Henry VI as the mascot. As a result, the troops on The York side saw that the king had personally come to arrest the thief, so did he run away or surrender? Of course, the Duke of York was defeated, but escaped and left England, a land of right and wrong.
Margaret's failure to capture the Duke of York this time was simply tragic. Three years later, in 1460, York and his ally Warwick (known as the King's Maker) led an army that captured London directly, and Henry VI withdrew to Northampton. The Battle of Northampton ensued, which resulted in a major defeat at Lancaster and Henry being captured. (This is the oil painting from When Warwick captures Henry.)
Richard returned to London with his captured scrap king and put him under house arrest, while coercing Parliament into passing the Mediation Act, which was roughly about keeping Henry VI on the throne but transferring the inheritance to his son Edward to the Duke of York. Margaret, who escaped from the Battle of Northampton, became Richard's problem.
A woman is particularly terrible, especially a scheming woman like Margaret. In order to cut the grass and remove the roots as soon as possible, York took 6,000 people directly north to capture Margaret, thinking of destroying the queen, I have it in the world, but Margaret has already gathered twice the army to wait for him in Yorkshire. York thought that the difference in strength was a bit mysterious, and the field battle was a loss of iron, so he squatted at Sandor Castle and took a defensive position.
On December 30, 1460, Richard, who had been besieged for several days, stayed in the castle and was irritable, and then heard that the grain and grass supply team had been hijacked by Lancastrian's army. The ghostly Duke of York, regardless of the three seven twenty-one people killed out of the city to rescue, the result was an ambush, after being captured, Margaret happily beheaded him, and hung her head on the Yorkshire gates. Lancaster's side managed to win back a set, but the situation was still not optimistic.
Although the Duke of York was beheaded, his son Edward IV (not to be confused with the mentally handicapped son Prince Edward) succeeded Tok and was granted the right to the throne. Southern England and London were still under the control of the York family, and Margaret had to completely beat the York family down if she wanted to regain her son's inheritance, so she ran to Scotland to borrow troops, and Scotland's condition was to marry a Scottish princess when Prince Edward became an adult.
The soldiers were borrowed, but because the Lancastrians lost the Hundred Years' War between England and France during their reign, and Henry VI was too weak at that time, the hearts of the people were all in favor of Edward IV of the House of York. On 29 March 1461, the House of Lancaster and the House of York broke out near Yorkshire at the Battle of Tautton, the largest of the Wars of the Roses, and Lancaster was defeated. Edward IV then returned to London to ascend the throne and deposed Henry VI. Henry and Margaret fled to Scotland for the time being.
In the years that followed, England ushered in a brief period of peace. Here we must also talk about the individual, that is, the ally who helped Richard, Duke of York, into London, Warwick. Warwick had been a mentor to Richard's son Edward IV, who helped Edward win the Lancastrian family and helped him ascend the throne, and then Warwick reached the pinnacle of power. At that time, he was in charge of many state affairs, and even Edward IV's marriage candidate was made by him, and it can be said that he was the most powerful person in England at that time.
(Edward IV marries Elizabeth)
He advocated that Edward IV marry a French princess, which would ease the hostile relations between Britain and France since the Hundred Years' War, reduce defense spending, strengthen trade with France, and even to some extent contain the Lancastrian family. However, Edward IV would have secretly married Elizabeth, who had been born to a fallen nobleman and was already married, which caused Edward IV and Warwick to plummet. Diplomatically, Vorrill was negotiating reforms with France, while Edward IV was allied with France's feud, the Burgundy. In short, the master-apprentice relationship was getting deeper and deeper, and Of course Vuril knew that Edward IV was suppressing him, so he turned to work with Edward's brother, George, and married his own daughter to him.
In 1469 the alliance of Warril and George crushed Edward IV and put him under house arrest. But another brother, Charles, who was loyal to Edward IV, heard of the turmoil and rushed back from the north to save the king. Voril and they fled France and found Margaret (Margaret was originally of French royal blood). In other words, Although Warril and Margaret had not been able to deal with each other before, after all, he was a member of the Duke of York. But now hoping to overthrow Edward IV brought them together, so Warril and Margaret allied to return to England, Edward IV fled to Burgundy, and the useless Henry VI was reinstated.
But not long after, Edward IV borrowed troops from Burgundy to kill England, and defeated the Lancastrian family in a round at the Battle of Butterne, this time he was no longer merciful, and directly executed all the men who had the right to inherit, including Henry VI and the Lancastrian family, and in 1471, the York family laughed to the end in the War of the Roses. But the whole Rose Wars story isn't over.
(Battle of Barnett)
After Edward IV of the York family defeated the House of Lancaster, England ushered in 12 years of stability. In 1483, Edward IV died of illness at the age of 41, and his brother Richard III was appointed regent in his will, assisting the 12-year-old Edward V to be crowned. But in the face of the temptation of power, this human heart is very unreliable. Richard III put Edward V under house arrest as soon as he ascended to the position of regent, and declared that Edward IV's marriage to Elizabeth was illegal (because Edward IV had been engaged to another woman before, and the person was still alive when he married Elizabeth), and since the marriage was illegal, their children were only illegitimate children and had no right to inherit the throne, and the purest bloodline was himself at the moment. At the same time, Richard also began to clean up the opposing nobles in Parliament, and even beheaded Lord Hastings without trial, which was a despicable act of trampling on the law for England at that time, but at that time, he was the only legitimate heir of the Plantagenet Dynasty, and although the nobles were dissatisfied with him, they could not do anything about it. However, at this time, Richard III killed the unthinkable person, Henry Tudor.
Henry Tudor's way is very wild, and his grandmother (not cursed) is Catherine, the queen of Henry V, but didn't Henry V die early? Catherine had some super-friendship affair with a housekeeper named Owen Tudor during her lonely and empty widowhood, and then gave birth to Edmund Tudor, who married Margaret Beaufort of the Lancastrian family (the women named Margaret were fierce), and the two gave birth to a son henry Tudor, whose Lancastrian blood gave him some right to the throne.
Margaret Beaufort was left with Henry at the age of 13, and the dead ghost husband died in the Wars of the Roses before the birth of the child, so a man pulled Henry up with a handful of and a handful of urine, remarried many times during the reign of Edward IV, married to the court governor Thomas Stanley, but these details we will not say more, going around and around.
Back after Charles III had swept away dissident coronations, Margaret Boforth received secret patronage from the disgruntled nobles against Charles, and in 1485 Henry Tudor assembled an army of 5,000 men to fight Charles III with 15,000 men in the Bosworth Wilderness, the last battle between Lancaster and the Yorkers. Although Henry Tudor had a small army, at a critical moment, several of Henry III's major nobles withdrew from the battlefield, especially Thomas Stanley (the last court director Margaret married) directly killed Henry III, and henry Tudor ended Charles III's rule. A new Tudor dynasty was established, and in order to resolve the conflict between the Lancastrian and York families, Henry Tudor married Elizabeth of York, the daughter of Edward IV, and fused the two families. The tudor coat of arms also fused the red and white roses of Lancaster and York, and the thirty-year War of Roses came to an end
It is estimated that these names with a great repetition rate make everyone very headache, in fact, I also had a headache when I wrote, and finally lost a family tree and helped everyone to cover the relationship in the Rose War, the red line in the following figure is the king line.
Lancaster's side: Henry VI took the throne after Henry V's death, but both Henry VI and his son Edward were killed by Edward IV after the Battle of Barnett, and this line was extinguished.
On the York side: Richard was succeeded by his son Edward IV after his death, and edward was proclaimed to the throne by Edward V after his death, but was placed under house arrest by the regent Richard III, and finally disappeared, followed by Richard III.
Henry V's wife Catherine and the housekeeper Owen Tudor gave birth to Edmund, and Edmund and Margaret Beaufort of the Lancastrian family gave birth to Henry Tudor, who ended Richard III and married Edward IV and Elizabeth's daughter, Elizabeth of York, and started the Tudor dynasty.