The southeast corner of the Xidan intersection
Hutong is the blood of Beijing, and its name also contains rich humanistic information. Starting from the name of an alley, we can often find traces of old life in it, or customs and monuments, or vicissitudes of old things, or old life forms.
Understanding Beijing, especially the hutong names in Beijing, we can know the history, inherit the culture, and the place names become the key to open the door of history.
Some of the hutongs written this year (base map: the latest Peiping map (liberation version))
Today is a special year. At the beginning of the year, due to the epidemic, the plan to write hutongs has not been able to come to fruition, starting from March 16, when Mr. Liu Jiying submitted the chayuan hutong, this year's "Famous Beijing" series was officially launched.
Since the beginning of the year, as of today, 21 hutongs have been written, and if you add the content of the special planning, there are already 60 of them, which cover from the Courtyard Hutong in Fuxingmen to Fuyou Street and Liubukou, from Xuannei Oil Mill, Xirong Line, Gali Hutong to The Big and Small Sauce Fang Hutong in Chuanwa City, from Fengsheng Hutong to Shuishuihe Hutong, from White Paper Mill to Birch Peel Factory in Xizhimen, from Malian Road to Guang'anmen to Zhushikou...
This year Wrote 60 hutongs in Xicheng, see if there is your home? (Top)
Today, we continue yesterday's content to talk about the next 20 alleys, you may wish to continue to follow our footsteps together to stroll around ~ ~ ~
05
<h1 class="pgc-h-center-line" > there were workshops in these alleys</h1>
Youfang Hutong, Big and Small Sauce Fang Hutong, West Single Handkerchief Hutong, Xirong Line Hutong, Damucang Hutong, Tangzi Hutong, Front and Back Beef Bay, Tan'er Hutong
Most of the hutong names in Beijing are very grounded, and daily necessities such as oil, salt, sauce and vinegar, needles and threads are included in the names of the hutongs.
For example, the Oil Mill Hutong south of Xidan used to have oil extraction workshops, and the hutong is more famous than the former Beijing Lacquer Carving Factory. In the 1950s and 1960s, this was one of the best-paid companies in Beijing.
Especially in the early 1980s, when the Beijing Lacquer Carving Factory was at its most prosperous, there were many export orders, and the factory had more than 2,000 workers and could get more than 1,000 yuan of wages per month. Many people want to arrange their children to enter the factory, after all, entering the factory is equivalent to holding the "golden rice bowl".
Youfang Hutong not only hides oil, salt, sauce and vinegar, but also witnesses the rise and fall of Beijing's carving and lacquer line
For example, the big and small sauce fang hutongs in the north of Xidan were once the concentration of pickle workshops, and according to the old neighbors, the workshop of Tianyuan Sauce Garden was in the courtyard not far from the south entrance of the small sauce fang hutong.
Interestingly, although there is a size in the name, the scale of these two alleys is that of the small sauce fang alley.
Is the small sauce fang hutong bigger than the big sauce fang hutong?
Because the land is close to the roots of the imperial city, these two hutongs are gathered near two royal palaces, a Baylor mansion and a zhenguo gong mansion, which can be described as a "feng shui treasure land". After arriving in the Republic of China and the founding of New China, it is rumored that Fu Zuoyi also lived in the hutong. Wu Bo, the former minister of finance, also lived at No. 20 Dazaofang Hutong.
On the edge of the imperial city, the big and small sauce fang alleys are hidden in the courtyard of the deep mansion of the royal palace
In the past, there were many handkerchief hutongs in Beijing, and there was one in the southwest corner of the Xidan road junction, which was formed in the Ming Dynasty. Due to the proximity of the place to Xidan, when the place name was reorganized in 1965, it was named Xidan Handkerchief Hutong.
Because it is the first east-west alley on the south side of Fuxingmennei Avenue, it is speculated that it was the southern moat of the capital city in the Yuan Dynasty.
In the 1970s and 1980s, the east entrance of the hutong was next to the Xidan Archway, which was a place where merchants had to compete, with one of the "Eight Great Springs" of Chang'an Avenue, such as Tongchun Garden, Youyishun, Yuan Changhou, Chinese Bookstore and other famous stores, and the neighborhood's favorite cold noodle old shop - Yanji Restaurant, which was first opened in the west entrance of the hutong.
In addition to the superior commercial location, the cultural atmosphere of the hutong is also quite strong: Gong Zizhen's former residence is located here, Chengshe I founded the "World Evening News" here, took the first step of running an independent newspaper, Zhang Hexhui was here to give him an assistant editor, Liang Qichao's son, the famous rocket designer Liang Sili once lived here with his mother, and one of the most cattle primary schools in Beijing, Beijing Experimental Second Primary School, where he worked for 94 years...
Xidan Handkerchief Hutong The fate of Gong Zizhen and Liang Qichao intersects
Disappear into the handkerchief alley of Xidan
The "velvet thread" in the West Velvet Hutong, in addition to the meaning of thread made of cotton, silk and wool, was also called a grocery store in the Beijing population.
Although the name is so grounded, but because it is located opposite Zhongnanhai and next to the Thousand Steps Corridor, it can be said that it is the real "foot of Tianzi", although there are many grocery stores, oil and salt shops, tailor shops, shoe repair shops and other small shops that meet the needs of daily life in the hutong, but there are also legendary places such as Sichuan Hotel and Chongde Middle School.
Among them, the Sichuan Hotel we talked in detail when introducing Xianxiaoli before, now this is the former site of the Gongfu, from the outside it looks like a courtyard, red walls and black tiles, antique, so grand.
Chongde Middle School, now Beijing No. 31 Middle School, is not only the earliest ordinary middle school established in Beijing, but also has trained masters such as Yang Zhenning, Deng Jiaxian, Liang Sicheng, etc., which is awe-inspiring.
Xirong Line Hutong, the real "Tianzi foot" comfortable "Beijing flavor" life
Speaking of Damucang Hutong, in fact, there is no wooden warehouse, nor a wooden factory, but it was once called a grinding factory, named after many craftsmen who polished stone tools and iron tools.
The most famous thing in the hutong is the royal palace of Prince Zheng, one of the "Eight Iron Hat Kings" in the early Qing Dynasty, and there was once a garden in the mansion, "leading the pond and stacking stones, Rao has a quiet", which is recognized as the "best" garden in the royal palace of the capital.
The frontage door of King Cheng's Mansion was built by the Chinese University in 1933, and the iron pillar door lamp in front of the door was built by the colleagues of Chinese university graduates.
After the Republic of China, the study style in this area gradually became stronger. During the Republic of China period, the main buildings of Wangfu Middle Road and East Road were changed to Chinese universities founded by Sun Yat-sen, Huang Xing, Song Jiaoren, Ma Linyi and others, and the anti-Japanese generals Li Zhaolin and Bai Yihua, as well as Han Zidong, the prototype of The novel "Red Rock" Zhonghua Ziliang, were all students of Chinese universities. Today it is the Ministry of Education.
The garden of the royal palace was changed to Hongda College, which was later Erlong Road Middle School, and Wang Xiaobo had studied here.
Opposite Erlong Road Middle School is the Beijing Normal University Experiment, which is also the number one middle school in Xicheng and even in Beijing.
The big wooden warehouse in the middle of Xidan and Erlongkeng Wangyefu became the Ministry of Education
The Tangzi in Tangzi Hutong, originally referred to as a brothel, is said to come from the Suhu dialect; after the Manchu Qing Dynasty entered the customs, it had a new meaning, that is, a kind of shamanistic royal festival, but the original site was located in the east of Yuhe Bridge, not here; after the Huiban entered Beijing during the Qianlong period, it also had the meaning of "private fang", that is, the place where the performing skills were taught and the Kunqu opera was inherited (which can be recognized as "Xiaokeban"), and also had the side of receiving visitors and drinking wine to make a profit (that is, "playing tea wai").
The Tangzi Hutong in Xidan North was formed in the Ming Dynasty, which should be the first meaning, and the Fanzi Hutong, the Yingzi Hutong before and after, and the large and small courtyard hutongs between Xidan North and Xisi should have been the concentration of GouYuan.
In the west fourth area, there are all kinds of fences and quban music households. Basemap: The latest Large Map of Peiping (Liberation Edition)
By the 1930s, with the establishment of six shopping malls such as Houde Mall and Fude Mall, the popularity of Tangzi Hutong on the south side of the temporary shopping mall gradually flourished.
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, after the public-private partnership of shopping malls, next to Tangzi Hutong was Xidan Food Mall, which had a big explosion in 1968 that shocked the entire city of Beijing. Behind the mall is the red light cinema, which is also the first choice for watching movies in the neighborhood.
Red light cinema
And in the south of Tangzi Hutong is the former great national world, which has now receded, once here was Miande Beizi Province, Wu Ezi House, Right Wing Sect Study, "Crescent Moon Salon", National Mongolian and Tibetan College, Wu Yingxiong, Cao Xueqin, Xu Zhimo, Li Dazhao and others have left footprints here.
How did Xidan Tangzi Hutong change from Flower Street Liu Lane to downtown in the city?
Former and later Beef Bay Hutong, known as Beef Hutong in the Ming Dynasty, renamed Beef Bay in the Qing Dynasty due to the curving of the hutong, was analyzed into Former and Post Beef Bay Hutong in 1911. Like Cow Street, Beef Bay was originally a Muslim settlement and once had a mosque, but it has now been demolished.
Hutong next to the Xidan intersection, near the Hutong there are Qingfeng Bun Shop, Chang'an Grand Theater, Tianyuan Sauce Garden, Sichuan Hotel and other long-established brands, the hutong is mostly green brick and gray tile small doors, in addition to the worship temple, there are Zhengxintang plaster shop, Chinese medicine orthopedic clinic, dental clinic, Jiuhengtai soy sauce factory, drawing instrument factory, lifting and moving society and Deshun coal factory.
Disappear into the beef bay of Xidan
Unlike the above hutongs, which are located near Xidan, Tan'er Hutong is another old commercial center in Beijing, Dashilar Outside the Qianmen Gate.
Tan'er Hutong is located in the east of Liulichang, which was once the place where liuli kiln factory burned charcoal and stored charcoal, and the east of the hutong is the take-lamp hutong, langfang erjo, which is the jewelry and jade market of pearl and jade splendid embroidery, and there are also many antique jade shops and workshops specializing in making jade in Tan'er Hutong.
Count nine first day Talk about the charcoal alley outside the front door
Tan'er Hutong hides the secret of the Liuli Factory burning charcoal and storing charcoal
The Tan'er Hutong Primary School in the hutong was once the residence of Cao Kun, the "bribery of the president" during the Republic of China. When Cao Kun was placed under house arrest by Feng Yuxiang in YanqingLou, Zhongnanhai, his subordinate Geng Chaozhen lived here and began to run an antique business. And from a layman, he gradually became a well-known expert in Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai and other places, and Li Rukuan, a Chinese-American antique dealer, called him "the best eye in the antique industry".
06
These hutongs once had temples and Taoist temples
Hongmiao Hutong (Hongmiao Street), Baimiao Hutong, Guanyin Temple Street
Beijing city has "five steps a temple ten steps a temple" said, named after the temple of the hutongs are also many, xidan near there is a red temple street (now Hongmiao hutong) and a white temple hutong, these two temples are actually Guandi temple.
The Jisheng of the Imperial Age records: "Guanmiao is all over the world, and Jingshi is particularly victorious." According to the 1928 Beiping Special City Temple Registration Data Record, there are 1631 registered temples in the whole city of Beijing, of which 267 are Guandi Temples.
There are many names for Guandi Temple, such as Laoye Temple, Voldemort Temple, White Horse Guandi Temple, Shuangn Guandi Temple, Guandi Gao Temple, Red Temple, White Temple, Inverted Guandi Temple, Iron Old Stork Temple, etc., of which the Red Temple and White Temple are based on the color of the temple walls.
In The Hongmiao Hutong and Baimiao Hutong in Xidan, what temple does the "temple" refer to?
Among them, there was "Beijing Hongmiao Primary School" in Hongmiao Hutong, which was originally a Qing Dynasty Yishu, and later changed to a blue flag official school, which now has a history of one hundred years, Mr. Lao She and his wife Hu Xiaoqing, and Wei Tianlin, pioneer of modern Chinese oil painting, have taught at the school.
Baimiao Hutong has been demolished, and the original site is now the Building of the Bank of China Headquarters. In the 1940s, Xun Huisheng moved here from Tsubaki Tree Sanjo.
In October this year, Dashilan West Street launched an application for rent withdrawal, in fact, the name of the hutong marked on the archway at the east entrance of the hutong is "Guanyin Temple Street", and the old neighborhood still likes to call it so.
At the eastern end of the hutong, there is a Huguo Guanyin Temple, and the literature records that the west side of the Diagonal Street outside the Zhengyang Gate is "the land of dragon vein traffic cars and horses", and the temple built at the intersection is to "lead the town of the gods of the gods".
Guanyin Temple Street The commercial street on the other side of the Dashilar "Dragon Vein"
Guanyin Temple was once full of incense, the scale of the temple fair is not small, and the hutong is located west of Dashilan Street, which is a place of commercial spokes. At the end of the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China, there were many shops here, and many long-established brands such as Zhang Yiyuan, Daoxiangcun, Guixiangcun, Guixiangchun, Hendry, Xianshi Company, Qingyun Pavilion, Fuxingju, Jinghua Inn and other long-established brands originated from here and became famous all over the world.
Guanyin Temple Street is full of long-established brands What is the story behind them?
Guanyin Temple Street applied for rent refund, where will this old commercial street of Dashilar go?
07
<h1 class="pgc-h-center-line" > these alleys are named after their shapes</h1>
East Slope Street, One Foot Street
East Slope Street, corresponding to West Slope Street, there is a Ganshi Bridge in the middle, these two used to be the channels of the Jinshui River in the Yuan Dynasty, the river gradually dried up during the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and residential houses were built on the river, so it formed a hutong.
There was also a Ganshiqiao post office at the mouth of Dongxiao Street Hutong, which was built in May 1920 and abolished in 2007, existing for 87 years and influencing the lives of generations.
Ganshiqiao Post Office
As the old saying goes, "The house of the Li King's Mansion, the wall of the Yu King's Mansion." At the northern end of the hutong, it is next to the royal palace of Prince Li, one of the "Eight Iron Hat Kings" in the early Qing Dynasty, and its scale is very grand, with heavy doors and overlapping households, and it is rumored that the entire palace has more than 480 houses, corridors and so on.
Today's Prince Li's Mansion
In addition, Prince Zhaozong of Li wrote works such as "Miscellaneous Records of Xiaoting" and "Continuation of Xiaoting", which recorded that there was Prince Heng's Mansion in Dongxiao Street, and later Prince Hui's Mansion, which should be a clerical error, because Prince Heng's Mansion was originally in Shochu Hutong in Chaoyangmen, and after his grandson Yi Kui attacked the lord, the title was reduced to zhenguo gong, according to regulations, the prince's mansion was no longer suitable for him to live, so he moved his family to the east slope street of Ganshiqiao.
East Slope Street, the "evil door crooked road" in the alley
Yiyi Avenue, the shortest hutong in Beijing, is just outside the front door on the west side of Yangmeizhu Xie Street, with a total length of only more than 30 meters.
It was once a distribution center for inscription lines, and it is reported that in the 1930s, there were 6 inscription lines in the hutong, and the engraving production cooperative was located in the nearby Cherry Street Temple.
Nowadays, there is only one engraving shop left in the hutong, and the ancestors of this old shop have insisted on this for three generations and engaged in engraving work, which is also a kind of inheritance of Yiyi Street.
Beijing's shortest hutong, a foot street, will be restored, and it was once the "carved street" in Beijing.
08
other
Shuihe Hutong, Malian Road
Receiving water river hutong is the name of the river, formed in the Qing Dynasty, the original name of the stinky water river, later changed to the harmonic sound of the water river, is the tang youzhou, Liaoning Nanjing, Jinzhong capital of the northern moat.
In the hutong, there was once the mansion of Beizi Terhu, which became a church property during the Republic of China.
Tang Yun, the wife of the master of traditional Chinese studies Chen Yinke, once lived here, and the two first met here, and after three months, they quickly married and lived together for the rest of their lives.
Lin Huiyin once attended Peihua Girls' High School on the north side of the hutong, and lived a carefree childhood and a girlhood full of heart.
Japanese anti-war female writer Sachiko Kato also spent 6 years of childhood in the hutong, and received enlightenment education, and after returning to China, she created a series of anti-war-themed works based on the theme of Chinese life during World War II, of which "Dream Wall" also won the highest award of Japanese literature , the Wasagawa Prize.
"China's First Tea Street" Malian Road, is named because of the roadside growth of horsetail grass, also called Ma Lian, Ma Lan Hua, transliteration and pronunciation.
During the Liao-Jin Dynasty, Malian Road was across the Jinshui River from the Liao-Nanjing City (later Daxing Province, the capital of The Middle).
MalianDao in the "Map of Jinzhongdu" and Daxing Province in Zhongdu are across the river
In the 1950s, with the establishment of Guang'anmen Station, the largest freight railway station in Beijing at that time, there were many large warehouses in the Maliandao area, and with the establishment of the Beijing Tea Processing Factory at No. 14 Maliandao in 1956, it became the largest storage base in Beijing.
In the 1980s, with the liberalization of the tea market, because the Beijing Tea Processing Factory was the only company in Beijing to operate tea, and it was also the leader of tea in the country, Maliandao gradually gathered a large number of tea merchants.
Malian Road, where tea merchants once gathered
With the support of the government, in 2010, it was officially awarded the plaque of "China Tea First Street" by the China Tea Circulation Association.
Valley Rainy Season Talk about "China's First Tea Street" Malian Road
09
"Zhangyi Gate Look Inside" folk song interpretation
In addition, today has also done a detailed interpretation of the folk song "Zhangyi Gate Looking Inside", which also involves the scenic spots from Zhangyi Gate (that is, now Guang'anMen) to Zhushikou, which includes the south and north line Pavilion Hutong, Guangyi Street, Land Temple Xie Street (that is, Xia Xie Street), Niu Street, Jiaozi Hutong, Rotten Man Hutong, Xiang Xiang Hutong, Luomashi Street, Zhushikou Street and other hutongs, interested may wish to click the link below to read.
A hutong ballad, starting from the Zhangyi Gate in old Beijing
Zhangyi Gate Look inside: the courtyard of the North and South Pavilions, and the Ink Treasure in the Baoguo Temple
Zhangyi Gate Looking inside: Rotten Man Hutong Multi-Guild Hall Ropesmith is higher than the generation of the Prime Minister
Zhangyi Gate Look inside: Caishikou Luomashi Huguang Guild Hall tricks to listen
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Acknowledgements and statements
The pictures in this article are partly from the Internet, and they are invaded and deleted.
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(For more content, welcome to pay attention to the WeChat public account "Beijing Traditional Culture Alliance" to understand)