There are many types of plastering auxiliary materials, according to different building parts and needs, you can use the following fourteen categories of materials alone or in combination.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" >. Paper tendons</h1>
When using white paper tendons or straw paper tendons for construction, it is necessary to soak them with water (for no less than three weeks) before use, and mash them into a paste, which requires cleanliness and delicacy. When used for covering, it should be mechanically milled and delicate, and can also be made into pulp. It is required that the straw and wheat straw tendons should be tough, dry and free of impurities, and their length should not be greater than 30mm, and the straw and wheat straw should be soaked in lime slurry.
Paper ribs for plastering auxiliary materials
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" >2. Hemp knife</h1>
Hemp knife is a kind of fiber material, which is mixed with lime when painting to strengthen the material connection, anti-cracking, and improve strength. Must be flexible and dry, free of impurities, the length of the seam is generally 10 ~ 30mm, with the first 4 ~ 5d tapping loose and adjusted with lime paste, can also use synthetic fibers.
A hemp knife for plastering auxiliary materials
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" >3. straw</h1>
Cut into no longer than 3 cm and soaked in lime water for 15 days before use. It can also be soaked and softened with lime (or fire alkali) and rolled into fibers as a paper rib.
Straw of plastering auxiliary materials
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" >4. Fiberglass</h1>
Cut the glass filament into about 1cm long, mix 200 to 300g of each 100kg of lime paste, and stir well to form the glass filament ash. The glass filament is heat-resistant and corrosion-resistant, and the wall surface is white and smooth, and the price is cheap, but the operation needs to prevent the glass filament from irritating the skin, and attention should be paid to labor protection.
Glass fibers for plastering auxiliary materials
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" >5. Concrete primer</h1>
Guyang concrete interface agent is a kind of high-performance one-component interface bonding and reinforcing agent with super strong adhesion. It is used for smooth base plastering, replacing alkali washing oil on smooth concrete surfaces, artificial chiseling and other processes, which can improve the adhesion force by more than 6 times.
The guyang concrete interface agent is applied to the base layer of the shear wall and roof to increase the bonding strength of the plaster layer and the base layer, prevent the plaster layer from peeling off and empty drums, and inhibit the generation of plaster bubbles.
Spraying Guyang concrete interface agent on the aerated concrete wall for interface treatment can ensure that the plaster layer has good condensation hardening conditions to ensure that the plaster layer will not be sucked away by the aerated products during the hydration (or gasification) process and lose the expected required strength, and even cause empty drums and cracks; for indoor plastering, it can prevent or reduce the pressure caused by the indoor and outdoor temperature difference (especially prominent in the winter in the north), so that the indoor water vapor migrates to the wall.
Concrete surfating agent for plastering auxiliary materials
Six. Sea vegetable powder
Guyang sea vegetable powder is made of polymer as the main ingredient, supplemented by multi-functional additives that have been scientifically formulated, which is environmentally friendly, transparent and odorless. It dissolves quickly with water to form a transparent glue that does not require heating. It has the effect of thickening, slowing, water retention, and improving adhesion.
The addition of Guyang seaweed powder to cement plaster mortar can be used for pulping, and can give interface mortar excellent roller brush application performance, improve cement mortar construction performance, and improve mortar bond strength.
Sea vegetable powder of plastering auxiliary materials
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" >7. Colored stone grains</h1>
Colored stone grains are broken from natural marble, with a variety of colors, mostly used as terrazzo, water brush stone and chop stone aggregates.
Colored stone grains of plastering auxiliary materials
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" >8. Colored ceramic particles</h1>
Colored ceramic particles are fired from quartz, feldspar and porcelain clay as the main raw materials, with a particle size of 1.2 to 3mm and a variety of colors.
Colored ceramic particles of plastering auxiliary materials
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" >9. Expanded perlite</h1>
Expanded perlite is a natural acidic glass volcanic lava, preheated, instantaneous high temperature roasting expansion after making a white granular material with a honeycomb structure inside.
Expanded perlite for plastering should have the advantages of small density, low thermal conductivity and high pressure bearing capacity, and should be mixed with class II particle size, that is, density 80~150kg/m³, particle size less than 0.16mm is not more than 8%, and room temperature thermal conductivity is 0.052~0.064W/(M· K), moisture content <2%.
Expanded perlite, a plastering auxiliary material
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" >0. Expanded polystyrene granules</h1>
Expanded polystyrene particles, also known as expanded polystyrene foam granules, are made of expanded foaming based on the basic raw material of hair-expanding polystyrene resin beads, which is the main aggregate of polystyrene particle insulation mortar.
The material is suitable for the external wall, external insulation and sub-wall, basement, garage, staircase, corridor, fire passage, thermal bridge individual thermal insulation, EPS, XPS leveling fire layer or protective layer of the industrial civil building required by the 50% and 65% targets of building energy saving.
Advantages: good thermal insulation effect, cheap price.
Disadvantages: slightly poor strength, poor flame retardant performance.
Expanded polystyrene granules of plastering auxiliary materials
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" >11. Expanded vermiculite</h1>
It is made of vermiculite after drying, crushing, screening, calcination and expansion, which is refractory and corrosion-resistant. Vermiculite mortar is used in kitchens, bathrooms, basements and workshops with large humidity and other internal wall areas and roof plastering, can prevent cold and damp, condensate and other undesirable phenomena, is a good inorganic thermal insulation, sound absorbing materials.
Expanded vermiculite of plastering auxiliary materials
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > XII. Water reducer</h1>
A water reducer is a concrete admixture that can reduce the amount of water used for mixing under the condition of maintaining the slump degree of concrete. Most of them belong to anionic surfactants, including lignosulfonate, naphthalene sulfonate formaldehyde polymer and the like. After adding concrete mixture, it has a dispersing effect on cement particles, which can improve its workingability, reduce unit water consumption, improve the fluidity of concrete mixture, reduce the amount of cement per unit, save cement, and improve bond strength, compressive strength and pollution resistance.
A water reducer for plastering auxiliary materials
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > xiii. pigment</h1>
For the aesthetics of decorative plastering of house buildings, pigments are usually mixed in decorative mortar. In order to ensure the durability of the gloss of decorative plastering, pigments incorporated into decorative mortar must use alkali-resistant, light-resistant mineral pigments and inorganic pigments.
(1) White system
1. Titanium dioxide
Titanium dioxide is an important inorganic chemical pigment, titanium dioxide has a strong hiding power and coloring rate, and the refractive index is very high.
Pure titanium dioxide is non-toxic, soluble in sulfuric acid, insoluble in water, not soluble in dilute acid, is an inert substance.
There are two kinds of titanium dioxide: one is rutile titanium dioxide, with a density of 4.26kg/cm³, very strong lightfastness, suitable for external plastering; one is anatase titanium dioxide, with a density of 3.84kg/cm3, poor lightfastness, suitable for indoor plastering.
2. Zinc oxygen powder
Zinc oxygen powder is a kind of color white hexagonal crystal odorless ultra-fine powder, density of 5.61kg/cm³. Soluble in acid, sodium hydroxide and ammonium chloride solutions, insoluble in water or ethanol, is a amphoteric oxide. At high temperatures or when stored for a long time, the color turns yellow, so it should not be used for exterior finishes.
3. Antimony white
Antimony white is an inorganic compound, white odorless crystalline powder with a density of 5.67kg/cm³. Heat turns yellow, cold turns white again. Insoluble in water, ethanol, soluble in concentrated hydrochloric acid, concentrated sulfuric acid, concentrated alkali, oxalic acid and so on. The natural product is antimony.
4. Chalk
Chalk is a fine deposit of calcium carbonate, a variant of calcite. White or off-white, soft and easy to crush, there are different components and properties, crushed after sieving processing is a large white powder.
5. Old powder
Old powder is made of calcite and other calcite high content of limestone pulverized processing, general specifications of 320 mesh, containing more than 98% calcium carbonate. If there is no old powder, it can also be replaced by three fly powder or double fly powder. Old powder should only be used as an internal plaster.
(2) Yellow system
1. Iron oxide yellow
The main component of iron oxide yellow is iron oxide, which is a monohydrate of iron oxide, which has a higher hiding power than any other yellow pigment, and the coloring power is almost equal to that of lead chromium yellow. Its lightfastness, resistance to atmospheric influences, resistance to fouling gases and alkali resistance are very strong. The oil absorption of the product is less than 35%, the hiding force is not more than 15N/㎡, the particle fineness is 1~8μm, and the lightfastness is 7~8.
Iron oxide yellow pigment is suitable for all kinds of concrete precast parts and building products materials as pigments or colorants, directly into the cement application. A variety of indoor and outdoor colored concrete surfaces, such as walls, floors, ceilings, pillars, porches, pavements, parking lots, stairs, stations, etc.; such as face tiles, floor tiles, roof tiles, panels, terrazzo, mosaic tiles, artificial marble, etc.
2. Chrome yellow
Chrome yellow is a yellow pigment containing lead chromate. High coloring power, strong hiding power. Insoluble in water and oil, the hiding power and lightfastness increase successively with lemon color to red color. The lead chromate content (≥%) and hiding power (N/㎡) were: lemon yellow 5.5, 8.0~9.0, light chrome yellow 6.5, 6.0~7.0, medium chrome yellow 9.0, 6.0, dark chrome yellow 9.0, 5.5, orange chrome yellow 9.0, 5.0.
(3) Red system
Iron Oxide Red:
Iron oxide red has excellent pigment properties and chemical properties, high coloring power, hiding power, excellent light resistance, weather resistance, and high temperature resistance. Insoluble in alkali, stable in a certain acidity range, completely soluble in concentrated hydrochloric acid. Insoluble in water and organic solvents, it has excellent rust and UV resistance.
(4) Blue system
1. Ultramarines
Ultramarine is a translucent, vivid blue pigment. Insoluble in water and organic solvents. It can resist high temperature (below 400 °C), alkali resistance, weather resistance and lightfastness, and is extremely stable in the atmosphere for sun and wind and rain, and has excellent lightfastness of 7 to 8 levels. However, it is not acid tolerant, and the hydrogen sulfide is liberated in the presence of acid.
2. Cobalt blue
Cobalt blue is a blue powder with green light, which is made of cobalt oxide, cobalt phosphate, etc. mixed with aluminum hydroxide or alumina, and has good heat resistance, light resistance, alkali resistance and acid resistance.
(5) Green system
Chrome green:
Chrome green is a mixture of lead chrome yellow and Prussian blue. Chrome green is the main coloring pigment in the paint industry, and most of the green paint is formulated with this pigment. The color varies considerably, depending on the ratio of the two components, and some varieties also contain certain fillers. Strong hiding power, good weather resistance, light resistance, heat resistance, but not acid and alkali resistance.
(6) Brown system
Iron Oxide Brown:
Iron oxide brown series to iron oxide red and iron oxide black mechanical mixture, some products are also mixed with a small amount of iron oxide yellow, these components have roughly the same dispersion, with good pigment characteristics and chemical properties, coloring power, hiding power are very high, weather resistance, excellent lightfastness. Insoluble in alkali, stable in a certain acidity range, completely soluble in concentrated hydrochloric acid.
(7) Purple system
Iron oxide violet:
Iron oxide purple is a purple-red powder pigment obtained by calcining iron oxide black at high temperatures. Insoluble in water, alcohol and ether, soluble only in hot strong acids.
(8) Melanin
1. Iron oxide black
Iron oxide black ferrous oxide and ferrous trioxide processed black powder pigment. The hiding power is very high, and the coloring power is very large, but it is not as good as carbon black. It is stable against sunlight and the atmosphere, resistant to all bases, but soluble in acids and has strong magnetism.
2. Carbon black
Carbon black is a light, loose and extremely fine black powder, the surface area is very large, ranging from 10 ~ 3000 ㎡ / g, is a carbon-containing substances (coal, natural gas, heavy oil, fuel oil, etc.) under the condition of insufficient air by incomplete combustion or heat decomposition and obtained products. The density is 1.8~2.1kg/cm³, which is insoluble in water and various solvents. According to the different manufacturing methods, it is divided into two types: slot black (commonly known as hard carbon black) made by the slot method and furnace black (commonly known as soft carbon black) made by the furnace method. The commonly used in plastering is the class of furnace black.
(9) Metal pigment system
gold dust:
Gold powder is a fine powder of copper and zinc alloys, and according to the different proportions of copper and zinc, a variety of different shades of pigments such as blue gold, gold color, red gold and so on are produced.
Gold powder is beautiful and vivid in color, which is different from ordinary pigments. The grains are smooth, scaly. The hiding power is very high and the reflectivity is very strong. Visible light, ultraviolet and infrared rays cannot be transmitted. The higher the mass, the greater the ability to float.
In order to make the gold powder free from oxidation, vulcanization and water vapor erosion, and maintain a bright luster for a certain period of time, it is generally above the gold powder coating, and covered with varnish or other paint. Gold powder specifications are expressed in fineness, generally 170 to 400 mesh, and some products reach more than 1000 mesh.
Pigments for plastering auxiliary materials
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > XIV. oxalic acid</h1>
Oxalic acid is a colorless transparent crystal in the form of a block or powder. It is usually dihydrate, with a specific gravity of 1.653, a melting point of 101 to 120 ° C, anhydrous mass density of 1.9, a melting point of 189.5 ° C (decomposition), and sublimation at about 157 ° C. Soluble in water, ethanol and ether, the solubility in 100g of water is: 10g at water temperature 20 °C, and 120 g at water temperature 100 °C. Oxalic acid is a toxic chemical raw material, can not touch food, has a certain corrosiveness to the skin, should pay attention to storage.
Oxalic acid is mainly used for pickling of terrazzo floors in plastering projects.
Oxalic acid, a plastering auxiliary material
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