Original title: Silk Road Postal Station Psalm Appreciation
The Silk Road runs through Gansu, and it is also one of the oldest post roads in the world. Since Emperor Wudi of the Han Dynasty sent Huo to conquer Hexi and expel the Xiongnu forces by force, he "set up post offices" along the Gansu section of the Silk Road and set up many post stations to ensure the smooth flow of information from Chang'an to the western region. Since then, the post roads in Gansu have been extended, the number of post stations has increased, and there has been a prosperous situation of "listing postal services to the key roads, rushing to take the stages for the rest of the month, and merchants and merchants and merchants spending money on the day", which became the thoroughfare of cultural and economic exchanges at that time.
In addition to providing postmen, rest and accommodation for the postmen, and changing horses, the ancient post office also had the function of receiving officials, and the infrastructure of the post office improved with the attention of the dynasty rulers and weakened with the decline of the dynasty. Today, we can still feel the scene at that time from cultural relics or documentary records. For example, gansu Dunhuang Han Dynasty hanging spring, from the foundation of today's archaeological excavations, the entire postal station sits west to east, covers an area of more than 20,000 square meters, and the construction area reaches more than 3,000 square meters. The dock fort of the main building is like a large city. There are also corner towers in the four corners of the courtyard, gate towers on the main entrance, dozens of houses in the large courtyard, and stables and carports outside the courtyard. You can imagine the wide and high-spirited postal building here at that time. Built in the Ming Dynasty, Lanzhou Shajingyi, covering an area of nearly 10,000 square meters, is a grand and imposing postal castle, surrounded by high walls, with wells, houses, stables, material yards and other facilities.
In the Qinghui Canon, there are: "Where there is a post, a post, a station, a pond, a store, a shop." "Although the names are different, the meaning is the same. Because some of the stations have been standing for generations and have not been withdrawn for a long time, they have a different kind of scenery, or the pines and cypresses, or the ancient buildings and plaques, and some even have mysterious legends. It was in this remnant of the sun, the bitter wind and rain that inspired many poets who stopped here, and the post office station provided them with facsimiles of their writings, leaving many popular poems. Now starting from Lanzhou, the poems of some of the Yongyi stations left by the ancients in Gansu on the Silk Road are specially compiled for the benefit of readers.
"Titled Golden City Riverside Inn"
--Don Cen Shan
Gu Shu was heavily dangerous, and the high-rise buildings received five cool. The mountain root is a stagecoach road, and the river floods the city wall. Garden tree nest parrot, garden flowers hidden musk. Suddenly, on the river, he remembered as a fisherman. Linheyi, west of Baita Mountain in present-day Lanzhou City, is also known as Jinchengguan Yilou, and is bordered by a high mountain north of the Yellow River in the south, and the situation is dangerous. Cen Shan (c. 715–770), poet of the Tang Dynasty, a native of Jiangling, Jingzhou (present-day Jiangling, Hubei), was a jinshi in the third year of Tianbao (744), who appointed Cao to join the army, and later served as the Assassin of Jiazhou.
"MoyunYi"
--Qing Zhu Fengxiang
Xiaoyi was set up in the middle of the stone of Gaodang Gorge. The ground opens the double wall danger, and the day is a husband and wife. The night is cold and cold, and the hunger is swept by the wind. Those who are cautious in their service will feel that the road is poor. Moyunyi ,in present-day Lanzhou, Gansu Province, in the south of sixty miles. Zhu Fengxiang, Zi Ji Ting, Guizhou Kaitai people. Jiaqing Zhongbagong, supplementing Weiyuanzhi County in Gansu, and later transferred to Dunhuang.
"Over Wu Shengyi"
--Qing Shi Shanchang
With wu He Nian wins, Lian Feng looms like a city. Two wheels compete for the bird ferry, one way into the cloud flat. The water comes from the Chaozong, and the heart has been folded and cool. The flag pavilion was small, and the horses gasped for breath. Wushengyi, northwest of present-day Yongdeng County, Gansu. Shi Shanchang, Zi Chunlin, a native of Shanyin, Zhejiang. Qing Dao Guangzhi Official Jiangxi Yugan County Zhi County, there is a political voice. He was later sent to Xinjiang for the crime of negligence, and was pardoned three years later.
"Forks in the Road"
- Qing Yan Zhaofeng
The north wind is miserable and windy in autumn, and the horse's head is covered with thick frost.
A word should not be believed, the pedestrians in August Yu Shigeru.
Fork Kouyi, northwest of present-day Yongdeng County, Gansu, thirty miles northwest of Wushengyi. Yan Zhaofeng, also spelled Shenglai, was a native of Jiangdu (present-day Yangzhou, Jiangsu).
"Black Pine Station"
--Qing Shi Shuhua
Five miles and ten miles of rain and waves, riding a horse and walking in a stream.
The water is deep and muddy, and the sun is cold and the wine is syrup.
The lone dog barked at the door black, and the light leaned against the wall and shook the light.
The singing night is half frightening, and the cliffs and valleys should be long in autumn.
Heisongyi, thirty miles south of present-day Gulang County, thirty miles south to Anyuan Station. Shi Shuhua (1835-1890), a native of Wucheng, Zhejiang, was raised in the ninth year of Tongzhi (1870), and served as a staff member of Zuo Zongtang and Zhang Yao for many years.
"Dengjingbian Yilou has a feeling"
--Qing Zhang Fei
Xiao Ser sad wind wood, the township guan alone upstairs. Broken Hong resigned and went north, and the remnants of the day flowed westward.
The water fell to the Yellow River cold, and the clouds were worried about the white society. By Xuan Xuan who endured tears, farewell to the old mountain Qiu. Jingbianyi (靖邊驿), in the town of Huangyang, seventy miles southeast of present-day Wuwei, Gansu. Zhang Fei (1750–?) ), Wuwei Ren, Zi Fengyang, Tongpu, Qianlong Thirty-four Years (1769) Jinshi, The Head of the Household Department, The Governor of the Household Department, the Prefect of Ji'an, Jingzhou, Changsha and other places. In addition, Wen Rushi of the Qing Dynasty also wrote the poem "Cijing Bianyi", as follows:
《次靖邊驿》
--Qing Wen Rushi
Walk through the sunset, and immediately look at the five cool.
The mountain snow is white, and the autumn wind is yellow overnight.
The melon and cold wild garden still retains customers, and the fruit ripe people are half out of the wall.
It is a partial manglao fu word, and the song is passed on to the five pants.
Wen Rushi (1755-1821), zibu rong, trumpet pupo, Guangdong Shunde people. In the forty-ninth year of Qianlong (1784), he entered the army and was appointed as the right attendant of the military department. His life is fond of collecting books, and his poetry is peaceful, like his character.
"After the Inscription of The Wall Poem of Linshui Station"
The flowing water and empty mountains only bounce on themselves, and the end of the world wants to solve people's difficulties.
Dezhu who is a probing hand, enter the store first from the wall to see.
Linshuiyi (林水驿), in present-day Jiuquan City, Gansu Province, in the town of Donglinshui. In addition, Shi Shuhua of the Qing Dynasty also wrote the poem "Linshuiyi", as follows:
"LinshuiYi"
------------------------------------------------------ The wind color is extremely yellow, and the brine is floating white.
《Title JiaYuguan Yibi》
Looking back at Kunlun Wandian Mountain, several people in yellow sand and white grass also returned.
I am less famous than Ban Chao, and I do not wait for the marquis to enter the customs.
Jiayuguan is in present-day Jiayuguan, Gansu Province.
"Look at the Red Willow Station"
The morning march will be a hundred miles, looking east into the wilderness. The sand is soft and the horseshoe is astringent, and the sun is oblique. On one side of the mountain is red, and the July grass is all yellow. Smell the beauty of the flowing springs, babbling next to the ancient station. Hongliuyi (红柳驿), also known as Hongliuyuan Juntang (红柳園軍塘), was located in the northwest of present-day Anxi County, Gansu Province, and south of Liuyuan Town.
"Moon Night from Ma Lian Jing to Daquan Yi"
--Qing Hong Liangji
Into the night trip preference, slightly large and small springs. The magpie's nest clouds protrude, and the horse shadow is round in the middle of the moon. Daban was shocked, and the car puppet fell to the county. Lin Shu was close to the room, and there was already a horn sound. Daquan Yi (大泉驿), a military pond in the northwest of present-day Anxi County, Gansu Province, was also part of The Juntang (马連井驿), north of Daquan Yi (大泉驿), north of Daquan Yi (大泉驿). The author, Hong Liangji (1746-1809), was a poet of the Qing Dynasty. A native of Yanghu (present-day Wujin County, Jiangsu), he was a scholar in the fifty-fifth year of Qianlong (1790). In the early days of Jiaqing, he was sent to Yili, and later pardoned and returned to his hometown.
"Thirteen Nights and Three Drums Arrive at the Star Gorge Station" - Qing Hong Liangji
The sky is full of stars and white. The stars on the ground are dark.
Fifteen nights in the Star Gorge, the stars of the sky and the earth are fiercely illuminated.
One layer is covered with one layer, and the sky is suddenly bright.
The earth star is bluer than the sky star, and the Big Dipper is faint and first sounding.
Sound number three, sleep a blink. Scorching fire, Star Gorge.
Xingxingxia Yi (星峡驿) is a town in Xingxingxia, which intersects with Jiuquan in the southeast of present-day Hami, Xinjiang.
With the evolution of history, the ancient post station point, following the passage of time, gradually from prosperity to decline and drowned in the long river of years. But their great role in consolidating dynastic regimes and playing a huge role in the prosperity and development of economy and culture remains in the annals of history.
In the late Qing Dynasty, the Qing Dynasty began to decline, but the postal stations on the ancient post road were still functioning normally with difficulty. According to historical records, the Qing Dynasty set up a total of 132 post stations in Gansu, with 2158 postmen. There are two ancient post stations with a long history in Lanzhou Yu, namely Jinya Station and Qingshui Station. It was not until the second year of the Republic of China (1913) that the two post stations of Qingshui and Jinya were officially abolished. It can be seen that at that time, these two ancient postal stations in Yuzhong, along with the end of the rule of the feudal dynasty, finally withdrew from the historical stage and completed their historical mission.
In 1896, the Qing Dynasty government began to handle a new type of Qing postal service, and postal stations were gradually replaced. In 1913, the then Beiyang government announced that all the ancient post stations in the country would be abolished. Since then, this postal transmission method that has been used for thousands of years in china has come to an end. These stations, which have played a major role in human history in the past, have been preserved in the form of place names, all of which bear witness to the glory of the past and also vaguely record the vicissitudes of historical development. (Lanzhou Daily)
Source: Daily Gansu Network
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