Tang Ji shaped red silk stone stone
Yantai, together with pen, ink and paper, is called the Four Treasures of the Study Room, and its history can be traced back to the Neolithic Age. Stone grinding discs and rods unearthed in the Neolithic era are the earliest grinding tools. The Shandong Museum has a large number of Yantai from the Tang Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty, with a large number and a rich category, and now introduces several collections of Yantai fine works for readers.
After the middle of the Tang Dynasty, the Ji-shaped Yan arose. Ji-shaped yan, the head of the stone is slightly narrower, the tail of the stone is slightly wider, shaped like the word "wind", so it is also called "wind word yan". The collection of Tang Ji-shaped red silk stone stones, 13.7 cm long, 4.3 cm wide at the head, 4.8 cm wide and 2.7 cm high. The color of the stone is pig's liver red, the stone shape is narrow in front and wide in the back, there are edges around it, the head of the stone is deeply sunken, and there are two trapezoidal feet at the bottom. This stone is delicate in texture and the carving lines are rounded and smooth, which is a fine product of red silk stone stone in the Tang Dynasty.
The Song Dynasty was a period of vigorous development of Yantai, this period was dominated by stone stones, and there were four famous stones of Duan, She, Taohe and Chengni, in addition to Shandong Qingzhou purple gold stone, Stone Stone, Red Silk Stone and so on. Song Su Yijian's "Four Spectra of The Literary Room" records more than 40 types of stone. The Song people attached great importance to the writing function of Yantai, and Mi Fu's "History of Yan" Yun: "The instrument takes use as its work... If the husband is so, then the stone haircut ink is the upper, the color is secondary, the shape is clumsy and second, and the wenzaga edge decoration is natural, and the use of the stone is lost. Su Shi's "Shu Yan" said: "The beauty of Yan stops at slippery and inky, and everything else is left." "The Song Dynasty Yantai is simple in shape and does not decorate and is not carved. Among them, Sheyan is produced in Longwei Mountain, Wuyuan, Jiangxi, from the Tang Dynasty onwards, Sheyan began to emerge, and during the Song Dynasty, Sheyan mining entered a prosperous period, and large-scale mining was carried out during the Jingyou to Jiayou years. She yan has the characteristics of no ink retention, no water storage, no freezing, easy cleaning, etc., and is deeply loved by literati doctors. In this period, the brick type was mainly the scribe type, and the scribe type evolved from the ji-shaped brick. The collection is rectangular and scribed, 14 cm long, 9.2 cm wide and 2.3 cm high. The Yantang and The Yantang are all narrowly bordered, the Yanchi and the Yantang are integrated, the Yantang is flat, the Yantang is gradually deepening, the side walls are slightly oblique, and the light is unstretched.
The Ming and Qing dynasties were a period of great prosperity and development in Yantai. In terms of texture, in addition to the traditional stone stones, there are also pottery, brick tiles, porcelain, wood and so on. The shape is no longer limited to rectangles, scribbles, and circles, and appears casual, lotus-shaped, slub-shaped, piano-shaped, etc. The carving themes on the stone are also more extensive, and there is no shortage of flowers, birds, fish and insects, birds and animals, clouds, dragons, sun and moon, and landscape figures. The collection is a lotus leaf-shaped end stone with a diameter of 23.5 cm. The end stone is calm in color, delicate in texture, and warm and smooth in the tentacles. Brick as lotus leaf shape, Yantang flattening, ink pool sinking, Yan edge as lotus leaf rolling undulating, curve elegant and varied, natural and tense.
Literati not only appreciate, love, and collect stones, but even participate in the production of stones, integrating calligraphy, painting, poetry and other arts into it, creating a unique brick culture. Qing Dynasty calligrapher and painter Gao Fenghan, a native of Jiaozhou, Shandong, who loved Yan, collected 165 squares of Yan, often carved and inscribed with his own hands, and wrote four volumes of "History of Yan". The "Snow Wave Venus" stone is a stone collected by Gao Fenghan and personally inscribed. The stone is 22.5 cm long, 13.3 cm wide and 5.3 cm high. Black zi stone stone, stone heavy and firm, stone surface flat and bright, stone body scattered with Venus dots. There are inscriptions on both sides of the yan, one side is vertically engraved with "Snow Wave Venus" in large characters, and the next side is engraved with 3 lines of small characters: "Mr. Bishan Shi lao belongs to Gao Fenghan, the younger brother of the Qing box museum." On the other side is inscribed the line of small characters 4 lines: "Zichuan No Shi Yulin Meaning East Sea Sleeve Spring Wind Question Word Zhou Wenquan Fuzi from the City Martial Order To Adjust The Prosperity of the City Wu Ling, Many Good Governance Returns To No Long Things Because the Monks Hid the Old Yan by Virtue of the Heavy Boat, That is, when the Zhi Farewell was received by Wang Zhongying on the auspicious day of the Ugly Jiaping Moon. The inscriptions on both sides of the stone are carved by Gao Fenghan himself on one side, and on the other side are carved by Wang Zhongying and Zhou Wenquan in the year of decay (1853). According to Guangxu's "YeXian Quanzhi", "Zhou Leqing, Ziwenquan, Haining, Zhejiang, Yinsheng, Daoguang were transferred by Wucheng County for thirty years. The chronicle records that Zhou Wenquan Daoguang thirty years (1850) Zhiye County, and Yan Ming as the "Ugly" year (Xianfeng three years), at this time it was 104 years after Gao Fenghan's death, Yan Ming recorded a period of transmission experience of the Yan. It can be said that the pen is used for the month, the ink is used for the years, the Yan is used for the world, and the Yan can be passed on for hundreds of generations and immortal. (Lv Jian)