Place-name notation refers specifically to the text (including pinyin letters) of various geographical indications in official historical materials, while dialect pronunciation is the oral transmission of these information by the people. Between audio-visual, under the influence of dialect habits, the two sides will inevitably miss or deviate in the process of mutual transformation. In addition, ancient place names and surnames are closely related, so they have their own historical characteristics. In addition to factors such as the amount of information grasped and the level of understanding of participants, culture, politics, and public opinion in different eras will interfere with the correctness of their information transmission. Today, I will try to analyze several examples of the errors between the written records of Fuping place names and the dialect transmission, and discuss them with the Fang family.
Starting from Naoichi Castle, debate and go-unmasking
Qing Guangxu's "Chronicle of Fuping County" says: "Zhishi City is twenty-five miles southwest of the county", also known as "Three Auxiliary Yellow Tuyu Qin Wen Gongzuo, no two prices, so the name Zhishi." "The Commercial Market Town of Fuping is well documented only from the third year of Ming Hongwu (1370) and does not fully reflect the commercial culture of Fuping, while the Qin Wen Gongzhuo Zhishi City was built between 765 and 716 BC, nearly three hundred years earlier than the Jianxian County of Pingyang (456 BC), so it is of great mining value." But its exact location, views are still divergent.
Ming Jiajingjian Qiao Shining compiled the Yaozhou Zhi (Geography Zhi, Fuping) Yun: "The person who contains the "Chang'an Zhi" (compiled by Song Minqiu of the Northern Song Dynasty) has ZhishiCheng ... The present-day Kaozhi City is located in the north of Weiqiao,...... Not rich flat, not book". Directly negate the claim that Naoichi Castle is in Bupyeong. However, Song Minqiu only called "Wei Bridge" and did not explicitly say "Bridge of Wei River", which makes a difference.
The Qingqianlong "Fuping County Chronicle" (Wu Zhi) appendix scholar Cao Yuke's "Weiqiao Debate" article, said a Central Plains Committee: "(Tang) Dezong set up the Tanshan Yuan Mausoleum for Emperor Daizong", "Sprinkle sweeping garden mausoleum", "Neijia Su Yuyi", that is, "The southern ancient Zhonghua County of the county" Changle Yi (now Shi Poyuan), "its road from the northwest" and "from the Changle Bridge north to cross the warm water". Cao Yuke believes that "this bridge (Changle Bridge) should not be named after Wei", "Gaiyi has four Tang Tombs, and the Heavenly Son is often fortunate, and it is appropriate to call it Royal Bridge". And "the Qin people read yu and wei homophony, and the original transmission of 'Weiqiao' or 'Royal Bridge' is false." What Cao Yuke said is not unreasonable, because in the Western Shaanxi dialect, the Wei River is also known as the Yu River. But in the canonical pronunciation of Chinese characters, only Wei. Wei is a polysyllabic character that can be pronounced yu at the same time. Others, such as the Fuping people call the Reed River yuzi River, feeding milk as yu milk, etc. can only exist in the dialect pronunciation. However, weiyin Chinese characters can be converted to dialect yu, while yuyin Chinese characters can hardly find examples that can be converted into dialect wei, that is, Wei to yuyin can be, while yuyin is difficult to turn wei. Therefore, Cao Yuke's view is still too far-fetched and still needs to be discussed.
Stone Buddha Ruins of Zhonghua County
The remains of the Changle Bridge, or Royal Bridge, have disappeared since the Ming Dynasty, and their relationship with Zhishi City also needs to be further examined.
Starting from the Zhicheng Canal, the debate is complete and the collection of false accusations
Examining Zhishi City, there is actually another clue, that is, the existence of Zhicheng Canal. According to the Ming Wanli "Chronicle of Fuping County" (Ditch Chronicle): Zhicheng Canal Introduction" (Wen) Spring Water Calendar South Bank, Irrigation Qibao Village. "The relationship between the Zhicheng Canal and Zhishi City needs to be examined, but the water conservancy "Qibao Village" is located on the banks of the Hot Spring River in the north of the ancient Zhonghua County of Shifoyuan, and the Changle Bridge (Royal Bridge) should be near its left.
According to the Ming and Qing "Chronicle of Fuping County", Qibao Village belongs to the hot spring, and the name of the village has been used continuously. After the socialist education movement began in 1964, the village became famous for creating the original "Class Struggle Exhibition Hall", and the name of the village was changed from Qibao Village to Jigu Village, and with the well-known book "Jigu Village Enmity and Vengeance", it really fell on the paper. In the 1980s, in order to standardize geographical names, especially to correct the naming chaos in the Cultural Revolution, Fuping County carried out the census of geographical names, and the 1983 edition of the "Geographical Names of Fuping County, Shaanxi Province" officially marked the village as Jigu Village, which was disconnected from the ancient name of Qibao Village.
Qibao is therefore falsely known as a collection of ancients, or directly related to the difference in dialect transmission. The set is marked only with a ji sound in the Chinese standard, and the fu square dialect can also be pronounced as qi, such as the Fuping proverb: "It has not caught up with the Wang Liao ji (qí) (referring to the assembly)." Another example is the jigrain village in Wangliao Town, and the Ming Wanli "Fuping County Chronicle" is recorded as the "Seven Liang" village. However, even in the context of the rich square speech, it can only be set to transfer qi, and Qi is difficult to read ji, as mentioned in the previous section, Wei can be transferred to yu, and the reason for yu to transfer wei is the same. In addition, the fort has a city wall, all those who call the fort village will be rich in the village of the natives, not the latecomers to move, so Qi Fort or in the Qi surname initiated, its historical roots must be inherited in an orderly manner, and the ancient meaning of the collection is ambiguous, do not know what to do, it is difficult to express the characteristics of The culture of Fuping place names. Coincidentally, during the Cultural Revolution, a considerable number of production brigades (villages) in the county changed their names to revolutionary village names in the name of "breaking the four olds", taking the Tamcun Commune as an example, in addition to changing to Xiangyang Commune itself, all 11 subordinate production brigades changed to fashionable words such as wind and thunder, oriental red, guangming, red flag, and dongfeng, so that the commune documents themselves could not figure out who was who, so they had to use red and blue pencils to note their original names on the statistical table in order to enter the seat. Fortunately, after calming down, everyone consciously became themselves again.
According to this, it can be understood that the "Gazetteer of Fuping County, Shaanxi Province" was actually difficult to restore the old name of QiBao at that time, so it could only follow the situation and continue to 'collect the ancient'. Now the village has been renamed Jixin, so whether it is Qibao or Jigu, it can only be used as its nickname and exist in the memory of the elderly.
Shengfeng Commercial Street, Tamchon Town
Starting from The Village of Sai tam, the debate is light and the charcoal is blackmailed
There is a tam village in Bupyeong, west of the county seat. The Ming Wanli "Chronicle of Fuping County" is marked as Xitan Village, which belongs to Panlongli and is one of the twenty-four market towns in the county. Qing Guangxu's "Chronicle of Fuping County" is marked as a town of Tamcun (the towns of the Ming and Qing dynasties are all commercial distribution centers and have no administrative functions). The 1983 edition of the "Fuping Gazetteer of Shaanxi Province" is marked as Tancun Village, which is the seat of the commune. It is now the town of Tammura (administrative structure). The Ming Wanli "Chronicle of Fuping County" also contains another light village, which is a natural village in Shanningli, northeast of the county. The 1983 edition of the Gazetteer of Fuping County, Shaanxi Province, was marked as a charcoal village and no longer used the name of Tancun. In fact, the Ming Dynasty called Panlong Li Tan Village as Xi Tan Village, which was prefixed to distinguish it from Shanning Li Tan Village. Nowadays, the village of Shanningli is renamed Tancun, and in addition to the subjective factors that show the difference, it mainly follows the dialect habit of reading tān along the mountains in the north of Fuping. In addition, from another point of view, the original meaning of Shanning Litan Village or charcoal village, but the Ming Dynasty officials in the labeling but in the northern part of the habit of reading dan as tan and analogy, overcorrection, wronged the dialect. Therefore, the restoration of the name of Tancun not only takes care of the pronunciation habits of fu square dialect, but also facilitates the standard pronunciation of the Chinese language orthodontics.
For contemporary newcomers, after the promotion of Mandarin Chinese and the squeeze of the teaching of pinyin alphabets into dialect habits, there will no longer be a problem of tān and dān in oral communication.
Map of Xiaohui Street
Starting from the township of "Bahui", the falsehood of huī hui (xī).
In the early days of reform and opening up, in response to the policy call to make a fortune, some people in Fuping were doing big business selling iron in other places, and they made steady profits. When the East Window incident occurred, it was only then that it was an illegal "pound", that is, a person was sent in advance to lurk under the weighbridge of the scrap iron acquisition unit, and when his own people delivered the goods, he communicated with the secret code and used special tools to interfere with the scale to achieve the purpose of illegal profit. At the time of the crime, the criminal was not caught on the spot, but the hand tractor sprayed with the words "Bahuixiang" was left at the scene. The public security organs followed the vine to find the melon, but they could not find a huī township. After repeated research and investigation, Fang knew that the small characters of Xiaohuixiang were not clearly eight because of the wear and tear of the middle vertical, and the Huizi was pronounced xī because of the rich square words, so it was in the opposite direction and delayed the effort.
Speaking of Huizi, according to the 1983 edition of the "Gazetteer of Fuping County, Shaanxi Province", there are more than ten villages named in Fuping County because of the juju of the Hui (xi) surname, such as Huazhu Yan Village and Meiyuan Zhao Village, which have Huijiabao; Xiaohuitian Village, Gongli Qi Village, and Dongguanyuwan all have Huijia Village; there are Huijia kilns in Zhuang, Huijia Dao in Xianyouhuidian and HuijiaDao, Liu Jihuijia is also known as Heihui, liugu and Huiliu and so on. It should be noted that these village names were uniformly marked as huī pronunciation in the 1983 edition of the "Geographical Names of Fuping County, Shaanxi Province", because huizi is only pronounced in the Mandarin standard. However, in fact, in the territory of Fuping, the place names and surnames of Hui without exception all refer to themselves or call each other xi sounds, which is only recognized by the 1989 edition of the "Chronicle of Fuping County".
Let me give you another example. There are two villages in Gongli Town, Fuping County, but they are inhabited by two different surnames with the same word and different sounds. One divides the former and the queen of the qiu, and the other divides the upper (gun) and the lower enmity. Although the surname Hui (xi) is lucky, the 1983 Gazetteer of Fuping County in Shaanxi Province and the 1989 edition of the Chronicle of Fuping County are marked with the pronunciation of qiu and gun respectively, but the Chinese dictionary also recognizes qiu but not gun.
Therefore, the embarrassment of people with the surnames of Hui (xi) and Qiu (gun) is that once they leave the county, they will tirelessly explain to the people of the whole country that they are not surnamed Hui or Qiu, let alone surname chou. Of course, due to the situation, there are also many people who are delusional to "surname", because there is no better way to solve this problem.