Shu Han: Five Tiger Generals Guan Yu Zhang Fei Zhao Yun Ma Chao Huang Zhong
Guan yu
1. Guan Yu (160–219), also spelled Yunchang ( ) , was a native of Changpingli , Xie County , Hedong County , in the Eastern Han Dynasty ( present-day Changping Village , Changping Township , Yuncheng City , Shanxi Province ) . One of the most famous figures of the Three Kingdoms period, a military expert and a famous general. It was revered by later rulers as a "martial saint".
Guan Yu, who held the Green Dragon Crescent Sword in his hand on the Shentai, was born into a commoner family and was one of the first leading members to join Liu Bei's military clique. According to historical records, in 188, Guan Yu, Liu Bei, and Zhang Fei organized a local armed force in Zhuo County to join the Eastern Han Dynasty in the war to suppress the Yellow Turban Rebellion. After the war, Liu Bei established the regular armed forces of his military clique, and Guan Yu became Liu Bei's main military general and served as Sima of the other departments.
In 200, Liu Bei's clique was defeated by Cao Cao's clique, and Guan Yu surrendered to Cao Cao, and Cao Cao, in order to keep Guan Yu for his own use, appointed Guan Yu as a partial general and made him the Marquis of Hanshouting. In July of the same year, Guan Yu learned of Liu Bei's message and left Cao Cao to follow Liu Bei again. Guan Yu participated in many famous battles in the early Three Kingdoms period.
When Liu Bei's clique attacked Sichuan, Guan Yu remained as the Taishou of Xiangyang and the general Fengdang Kou, responsible for guarding the southeast gateway of the Shu state——— Jingzhou, and together with the ally Wu Guo repeatedly repelled attacks from Cao Cao's clique. However, in 215, relations between shu han and wu deteriorated due to disputes over border territory, and the alliance between the two countries broke down. In 219, Liu Bei was proclaimed queen of Hanzhong and made Guan Yu a former general.
In October 219, Wu took advantage of the fierce battle between Guan Yu and the Wei army and secretly attacked its rear. Guan Yu was attacked by the enemy on his stomach and back, and on the way to retreat to Sichuan, he was pursued and attacked by the Wei and Wu armies, and the entire army was destroyed. In December of the same year, Guan Yu and his adopted son Guan Ping were killed after being captured by the Wu general Ma Zhong at Maicheng (maicheng, in present-day northern Anyuan County, Hubei). (Guan Yu's record is too much, there is no need to elaborate on them, everyone is familiar with it).)
Zhang Fei
2. Zhang Fei (?-221), courtesy name Yide ("Huayang Guozhi" as Yide), a native of Zhuo Commandery (涿郡, in present-day Zhuozhou, Baoding, Hebei), was a famous general of the Shu Han Dynasty during the Three Kingdoms period. Zhang Feiyong was a martial artist, and together with his brother Guan Yu, he was called "ten thousand enemies". Guan Yu was several years older, and Zhang Fei was a brother. When the Yellow Turban Rebellion broke out in 184 AD, Liu Bei organized a volunteer army in Zhuo County to participate in the war against the Yellow Turban Army, and Zhang Fei joined guan Yu and followed Liu Bei around. The three of them were brothers, and when Liu Bei attended various banquets, he and Guan Yu stood next to Liu Bei all day long. In 196 AD, he was destroyed by Lü Bu for befriending Cao Leopard. After Lü Bu's defeat, Zhang Fei was appointed as the general of Zhonglang. In 200 AD, Liu Beiyi led Guan Yu and Zhang Fei to escape and killed Xuzhou's assassin Shi Che. After Liu Bei was defeated and Guan Yu was captured, Liu Bei and Zhang Fei defected to Yuan Shao. In 208 AD, when Liu Bei was defeated at Changshanpo, Zhang Fei only led twenty horses to break off, according to the Loud Drink at Dangyang Bridge, no one in cao's army dared to approach, so Liu Bei was spared from difficulties.
After Liu Bei entered Shu, Zhang Fei, Zhuge Liang, and Zhao Yun marched into Xichuan and divided the counties. Upon arrival in Jiangzhou, yiyi relieved Liu Zhang's Bajun Taishou Yan. In the Battle of Brazil, he defeated the Wei general Zhang Guo. In the Battle of Wudu, the soldiers were defeated and returned. After Liu Bei was proclaimed emperor, Zhang Fei was promoted to the rank of CheQi general, a lieutenant of the lingsi, and the Marquis of Xixiang. In the same year, Zhang Fei was killed by the generals Fan Qiang and Zhang Da because of his violence, at the age of fifty-five. Hou Huanhou .. (Those who know Guan Yu's record also know Zhang Fei, I will not explain it in detail)
Zhao Yun
3. Zhao Yun (?) –229), courtesy name Zilong, was a native of Changshan Zhending (present-day Zhengding, Hebei). Eight feet long, with a majestic posture, he was a famous general of the Shu Han Dynasty during the Three Kingdoms period.
At the end of the Han Dynasty, the warlords fought, and Zhao Yun was elected by the county and led Yi Cong to join the White Horse General Gongsun Zan. During this time, he became acquainted with Liu Bei, the emperor of the Han Dynasty, but soon after, Zhao Yun left because of the death of his brother. About seven years after Zhao Yun left Gongsun Zhan, he met Liu Bei in Yecheng and followed Liu Bei ever since.
Zhao Yun followed Liu Bei for nearly thirty years, successively participated in the Battle of Bowangpo, the Battle of Changsakapo, the Battle of Jiangnan Pingding, and single-handedly commanded the Battle of Jinchuan, the Battle of Hanshui, and the Battle of Jigu, all of which achieved very good results.
In addition to fighting everywhere, Zhao Yun also successively served as a general in Guiyang Taishou, a general who stayed in the camp Sima to guard public security, and a general who supervised Jiangzhou with the Yi army. In addition, Zhao Yun advised Liu Bei to return the tian mansion to the people when he was pacifying Yizhou, and advised Liu Bei not to cut down Wu after Guan Yu Zhang Fei was killed, and was praised by later generations as a Confucian general with a chancellor's bureau, and was even considered a perfect figure in the Three Kingdoms period.
In the fourth year of Jing Yao (261 AD), Zhao Yun was posthumously honored as "Shunping Hou", and his image of "Changsheng General" was widely circulated.
Zhao Yun twice rescued Liu Chan in his infancy. At the Battle of Changshanpo, Liu Bei left his wife and children behind in the process of fleeing, and both daughters were abducted by Cao Cao's tiger and leopard commander Cao Chun, and Liu Chan and Lady Gan survived thanks to Zhao Yun's protection. Later, Sun Dongwu Sun Quan took advantage of Liu Bei's entry into the river to send a fleet to welcome Lady Sun back to Wu, and Lady Sun took the opportunity to take Liu Chan with her.
At that time, Liu Bei appointed Zhao Yun as the Sima of the Camp, the public security stationed in Jingzhou, and Liu Bei's family members and Lady Sun were all in the public security. Because Lady Sun was arrogant and arrogant, Liu Bei specially ordered Zhao Yun to take charge of internal affairs, and after learning that Lady Sun fled with Liu Chan, Zhao Yun chased after liu chan in time and intercepted Liu Chan on the river with Zhang Fei. Liu Chan, who almost fell into enemy hands twice, became the emperor of the later Shu Han Dynasty.
In the late Shu Han Dynasty, when Liu Chan ordered zhao yun to be pursued, he said that zhao yun not only had remarkable merits when he first followed Liu Bei, but also saved himself in the midst of difficulties and obstacles, and Jiang Wei and others believed that the righteousness of Zhao Yun's savior behavior at that time could run through the golden stone.
The story of Zhao Yun riding the savior alone is also circulated in various forms in the folk. But at the same time, under the influence of folk art, Liu Chan's image was gradually shaped into a "useless Adou", and some novelists felt that the behavior of Zhao Yun's savior was not worth it, and Mao Zonggang commented on the "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" Changsakapo here, thinking that the "hero Zhao Yun" saved "useless Adou", it was better not to save.
After Liu Bei entered Chuan and broke with Liu Zhang, Zhao Yun, Zhuge Liang, Zhang Fei and other troops began a sweeping operation against Xichuan, and after jointly attacking Badong County and Ba County, Zhao Yun and Zhang Fei divided their troops in Jiangzhou to pacify Jiangyang and Qianwei Counties. Qianwei County was a large county in Shu at that time, and together with Shu County and Guanghan County, it was known as the Three Shu, and was also the main source of taxes in Shu.
Zhao Yun alone led an army to pacify the shuzhong county and completed the siege of Chengdu from the south of Chengdu with Liu Bei and others.
In the twenty-third year of Jian'an (218), Liu Beijun handled the relationship with Sun Quan of Eastern Wu and repelled Zhang Guo, who had repeatedly attacked Brazil, and began to fight for Hanzhong, and in July of the same year, Cao Cao began to govern and prepare to support Hanzhong in attacking Liu Bei, and in September, the army was stationed in Chang'an.
The following year, Liu Beijun beheaded Xiahou Yuan, and Cao Cao's army did not reach Hanzhong until March of that year, and although Liu Bei confidently said, "I will have Hanchuan", he adopted a strategy of occupying danger and sticking to no war.
At this time, Cao Cao transported tens of millions of bags of military food to the north mountain, Huang Zhong proposed and led troops to intercept it, but did not return in the time agreed with Zhao Yun, Zhao Yun only took dozens of cavalry to look for it, and on the way encountered Cao Cao's army and engaged it. Zhao Yun took advantage of the advantages of cavalry to attack Cao Jun's array many times, and fought and retreated, and after returning to the camp, the banner was stopped, and Cao Cao's army believed that Zhao Yun had an ambush and would no longer attack.
Zhao Yun took advantage of the retreat of the Cao army, beat drums and shouted, and attacked its rear army with a strong crossbow, causing the Cao army to be greatly frightened, trampling on each other, collapsing into the army, and even a large number of soldiers fell into the Han River and drowned.
In this battle, Zhao Yun greatly defeated the Cao army in the unfavorable situation of his own army, causing no small casualties to the Cao army, and also made Liu Bei's army in the Hanzhong war situation change from passive to active and began to challenge Cao Cao's army, but Cao Cao's army could not be discharged, resulting in Cao Cao's army, which had been preparing for more than half a year, and after arriving in Hanzhong, it was defeated in only two months.
Some later history books record the Battle of Hanzhong, directly recording that Cao Cao came to fight for Hanzhong in March 219 and was defeated by Zhao Yun and retreated.
Ma Chao
4. Ma Chao (176–222), courtesy name Mengqi, was a native of Fufeng Maoling (present-day northeast of Xingping, Shaanxi), and a famous general of the Shu Han Dynasty during the late Han and Three Kingdoms periods. Ma Chao belonged to the mixed Han and Qiang ethnic groups, born in a military family, and Pei's notes in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms cite the Classics to note that his ancestor was Ma Yuan, a general of the Eastern Han Dynasty. His father, Ma Teng, was one of the heroes of the late Eastern Han Dynasty and was appointed as the general of Zhenxi. Ma Teng ordered Ma Chao to follow Cao Cao's subordinate Lieutenant Zhong Xuan (钟繇) in a crusade against Yuan Shao's generals Guo Yuan and Gao Gan (郭援) and Gao Gan (高干), who were wounded by arrows, but still broke the enemy army, and his subordinate Pound beheaded Guo Yuan. When Cao Cao was serving as chancellor, he wanted to summon Ma Chao to Beijing, but Ma Chao did not accept it. At this time, Ma Teng and his righteous brother Zhenxi general Han Sui disagreed, asked Cao Cao to be a wei lieutenant, left Liangzhou and entered Beijing as an official, Ma Chao's brothers and family moved to Cao Cao's place, but Ma Chao stayed in Liangzhou, and was made a partial general and marquis of Duting, leading his father's troops on his behalf.
In 211 (at the age of 36), Cao Cao did not listen to the advice and insisted on sending Zhong Xuan and Xiahou Yuan to lead an army to try to attack Zhang Lu in Hanzhong through the territory of Ma Chao and other Liangzhou warlords. Ma Chao and the others all suspected that this was aimed at their own troops, so Ma Chao said to Han Sui: "Before, Lieutenant Zhong Xuan, a lieutenant colonel, ordered me to murder the general, and the people of Kwantung could no longer believe it. Now I give up my father and treat the general like a father, and the general should also give up your son and treat me like a son. After that, Yan Xingjin advised Han Sui that he did not want him to unite with Ma Chao, and Han Sui replied: "Now the generals coincide, it seems that there is providence." Later, when Han Sui and Cao Cao were talking to each other, Yan Xing followed behind Han Sui, and Cao Cao looked at Han Sui and said, "Take care of this filial piety." In short, Han Sui decided to rebel against Cao with Ma Chao and many other warlords, leading 100,000 horses (including Han soldiers, Qiang soldiers, and Hu soldiers) to Tongguan. Cao Cao used a divisive tactic to cause infighting between Ma and Han, and coupled with the success of Cao Cao's tactics, Ma Chao was defeated (see Battle of Tongguan for details). Cao Cao wanted to take advantage of the victory to pursue, but because Tian Yin and Su Bo rebelled between the rivers, they withdrew. However, his father Ma Teng and his family were killed by Cao Cao because of Ma Chao's rebellion.
In 213 (at the age of 38), Ma Chao rebelled against Cao, besieged Jicheng for eight months, forced Liangzhou to surrender, occupied Jicheng, claimed to be the general of Zhengxi, took charge of the State Pastor, supervised the Liangzhou military, and defeated the rescue army of Xiahou Yuan sent by Cao Cao two hundred miles outside Jicheng. However, his actions of holding the famous soldier Jia Hong hostage, killing Wei Kang, who surrendered, and Yan Wen, who sneaked out of the city to ask for help, caused him to lose his heart, and he was soon jointly designed by Yang Fu, Jiang Xu, Liang Kuan, Zhao Qu, Zhao Ang, and a dozen other people to lure Ma beyond the city to launch a rebellion and repel him. Ma Chao only had Zhang Lu who had defected to Hanzhong with his brother Ma Dai and the general Pang De. Ma Chao begged Zhang Lu to send him troops to attack Liangzhou, but each time he did not return. Zhang Lu did not trust Ma Chao and sent his subordinate Yang Bai to monitor Ma Chao, and Ma Chao fled from Wudu into The Middle.
In 214 (at the age of 39), Ma Chao and Zhang Lu were at odds with each other, and knowing that Liu Bei was besieging Liu Zhang in Chengdu, he killed Yang Bai and secretly wrote to Liu Bei to surrender, and Liu Bei was overjoyed; The news of Ma Chao's surrender to Liu Bei shocked everyone in Chengdu, and Kaesong soon surrendered. After Liu Bei successfully occupied Yizhou, He made Ma Chao a general of Pingxi, stationed in Linfeng, and was made the Marquis of Former Tuting. Later, he participated in the Northern Expedition to Hanzhong, but was unsuccessful, and retreated with Zhang Feixian (see The Battle of Hanzhong for details).
In 219 (at the age of 44), Liu Bei was proclaimed the King of Hanzhong and Made Ma Chao a General of the Left. At that time, Peng Xi, who was engaged in Zhizhong, was dissatisfied with Liu Bei's alienation from him and placed him as a foreign county official, so he took the initiative to contact Ma Chao. Ma Chaoxian asked Peng Xian, "You have extraordinary talents, and the lord (referring to Liu Bei) also attached great importance to your excellency, saying that you can keep pace with Kong Ming (Zhuge Liang), Xiao Zhi (Fazheng) and others, but now you have been given the post of a foreign county, which seems very disappointing?" Peng Xi was angry for a moment and rushed out: "The old guy is so ridiculous, what else can I say!" Even more provoked Ma Chao: "You lead the troops outside, I assist you inside, the world is not difficult to calm down." At that time, Ma Chao had just defected to Liu Bei, and soon after ending his wandering life, he was a warlord on the other side, and he often harbored a sense of danger, afraid that some people would suspect that he had different ambitions, so he was shocked when he heard Peng Xi's words and silently did not answer. After Peng Xi left, Ma Chao presented Peng Xi's words to Liu Bei, and soon Peng Xi was imprisoned for his crimes and was killed.
In 221 (at the age of 46), Liu Bei was proclaimed emperor, and Ma Chao moved to the post of general of the Hun Horse, led Liangzhou Mu, and entered the Marquis of Fengxiang.
Ma Chao died in 222, at the age of 47, and when he was dying, he had shangshu: "More than two hundred mouths of the Emperor Of the Emperor Of the Gate were cursed by Meng De (Cao Cao), but from Di Dai, when he was the successor of The Wei Sect's blood, he deeply trusted His Majesty, and there was no more words." After his death, he was honored as the Marquis of Wei, so later generations also called him "Marquis of Mawei".
Huang Zhong
5. Huang Zhong (145- 220), han sheng, a native of Nanyang. Regarding Huang Zhong, he can open the bow of two stones and hundreds of shots, and is a famous veteran in history, who was active in his old age and was on a par with the general Lian lian of the Zhao state in the Warring States period. Huang Zhong had been serving Liu Biao of Jingzhou in his youth, and was appointed by Liu Biao as a general of Zhonglang, stationed with Liu Biao's nephew Liu Pan in Changshayou County (present-day Zhuzhouyou County, Hunan, or Tiger Pattern's hometown).
In 192 (the third year of Chuping), Dong Zhuo's old subordinates Li Dai and Guo Feng attacked Chang'an. Liu Biao, the Assassin of Jingzhou, served as the pastor of Jingzhou. Liu Biao garrisoned Xiangyang, that is, Xiangfan, Hubei. Huang Zhong was appointed by Liu Biao as a general of Zhonglang. Huang Zhong's entourage was Liu Pan, a nephew of Liu Biao. Liu Pan garrisoned Changsha You County, that is, You County, Hunan.
In 199 (the fourth year of Jian'an), Liu Pan fought against Eastern Wu Sun Ce at Ai, that is, Xiushui in Jiangxi, and Huang Zhong's retinue Liu Pan.
In 208, Cao Cao occupied Jingzhou and temporarily appointed him as the general of Pei ,appointed him as a general and stationed in the same place, under the tutelage of Changsha Taishou Han Xuan. In 209, Liu Bei attacked the counties of Jingzhou and occupied Changsha, Lingling, Guiyang, Wuling and other places, and Huang Zhong surrendered to Liu Bei. In the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Guan Yu is depicted leading five hundred school swordsmen to attack Changsha, and the first battle with Huang Zhong was won or lost. During World War II, because Huang Zhongma lost his front hoof and was thrown to the ground, Guan Yu spared Huang Zhong. During the three wars, Huang Zhong was grateful and only shot Guan Yu's helmet with an arrow, which fully demonstrated his ability to wear Yang in a hundred steps. The meaning of the book is that at that time, if Huang Zhong wanted to take Guan Yu's life, it would not be difficult. In the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Huang Zhong's arrow method is so good that it can be called the first person. Although he was able to "shoot at the gate" and Zhao Yun could shoot sails on the river, it felt like Huang Zhong could take the life of a general with an arrow on the battlefield.
In 211 AD, Huang Zhong followed Liu Bei into Sichuan and conquered Yizhou, with outstanding performance and the courage to win the three armies. After pacifying Yizhou, Liu Bei made him a general of the Imperial Household. In the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Huang Zhong killed Liu Zhang's general Deng Xian during his attack on Luocheng in the Battle of Chuanzhong, defeated Ling Bao, and rescued Wei Yan. After Pang Tong died in Luofengpo, Huang Zhong rescued Wei Yan again, leading his troops out of the siege and showing heroism.
In 213 (the eighteenth year of Jian'an), Liu Bei broke with Liu Zhang, Huang Zhong and Zhuo Yi led troops from Ye Meng to Liu Zhang, Liu Bei first led troops to Guanzhong, and then rounded with Huang Zhongjun, Huang Zhongchang first fell chen, Yongyi Crown three armies, [7] all the way to Fucheng. Liu Zhang sent Liu Zhao, Leng Bao, Zhang Ren, Deng Xian, and others to block them, but they were all attacked, Huang Zhong and Wei Yan attacked Mianzhu with Liu Bei, the Mianzhu defenders Li Yan and Fei Shi surrendered to Liu Bei, and Huang Zhong accompanied Liu Bei to lead an army into Chengdu, and surrounded Chengdu with Zhuge Liang, Zhang Fei, and Zhao Yun.
In 214 (the nineteenth year of Jian'an), Liu Bei besieged Chengdu for more than ten days, and Liu Zhang surrendered. Huang Zhong was appointed as a general.
In 218 (the twenty-third year of Jian'an), Liu Bei and Fa Zheng were stationed at Yangping Pass, Shaanxi. Liu Bei confronted The Cao Army in Hanzhong. Huang Zhong went out with Liu Bei.
In 219, Liu Bei attacked Dingjun Mountain in Hanzhong, and Huang Zhong killed Xiahou Yuan, a defender under Cao Cao's command who had experienced hundreds of battles, and Cao Zhong's army was defeated, and Huang Zhong's reputation was greatly shocked. Later, Huang Zhong was promoted to the rank of general of Zhenxi. In 219 AD, Liu Bei established himself as the King of Hanzhong and reused Huang Zhong as a rear general, and it was at this time in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms that Huang Zhong, along with Guan Yu, Zhang Fei, Zhao Yun, and Ma Chao, was called the "Five Tiger Generals" of the Shu Kingdom, and Huang Zhong ranked fifth. Zhuge Liang once advised Liu Bei that Huang Zhong's fame could not be juxtaposed with Guan Yu, Zhang Fei, and others, and that Huang Zhong's military exploits in Yizhou could be understood by Ma Chao and Zhang Fei, but Guan Yu was far away in Jingzhou, and I was afraid that he would be dissatisfied with this. However, due to Liu Bei's insistence, Huang Zhong was finally still on a par with Guan Zhang and others, and was given the title of Marquis of Guannei. In the romance of the Three Kingdoms novel, Guan Yu is dissatisfied with Huang Zhongde's gift, saying that the eldest husband will not be with the old man in the end. After the funding poem point allocation Guan Yu did not care.
In 220 AD, Huang Zhong died of illness and was posthumously honored as The Marquis of Gang at the age of 73. In the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Huang Zhong followed Liu Bei in his conquest of Sun Wu in 222 AD, because Liu Beiyan's veteran general was useless, Huang Zhong disobeyed the old man, and in the battle with the Wu general Pan Zhang, he was ambushed by Ma Zhong, was shot in the shoulder socket by a stray arrow, and died of old age and blood loss, arrow sores, at the age of 75. Huang Zhong had a son, Huang Xu, who died at an early age, so Huang Zhong had no queen.