Out of the modern bustling downtown, into the quiet and peaceful ancient village. I can't remember the first time I came to Dayangquan, crossed the high-rise buildings and buildings, walked to the mouth of the village, walked past the stone arch with the four big characters engraved with "Yangquan Hometown", or the hustle and bustle of a city. But walking through the arches of the East Pavilion, stepping on the stone road full of vicissitudes, heading west, and strolling among the gray walls under the thousand-year-old locust, it is as if you have traveled through time and placed yourself in another world.
Every time you come to visit the ancient village, no matter what kind of mood you have, as long as you enter the old streets and alleys here, a heart will immediately become quiet, and the experience of Tao Gong "knotting in the human realm, and no cars and horses" is probably just that. Gradually, when I didn't come every once in a while, I actually remembered this feeling.
In the painting of Shan Ming Shui Xiu poems
Dayangquan Village is located in the southwest of Yangquan City, facing the gentle slope of the Shi'an Mountain, facing the southeast, leaning on the North Ridge in the north and the river in the south, and the location of the village is unique. Extrapolating from the thousand-year-old locust that remains in the village, as early as the Tang Dynasty, it was already inhabited, and the village was built in the Song Dynasty. After people settled here, they were named "Yangquan" because of the many springs gushing out from the flat land, and after the harmonic sound, it was called Yangquan, and the name of Yangquan City originated from this.
"In the west of the ancient Aidi Prefecture, there is Tun, The Yang Spring, the mountains are saga, and the water flows freely." In ancient times, Dayangquan Village was surrounded by mountains and rivers, the scenery was pleasant, and there were three scenes in the Pingding "Eight Views of Guzhou", namely "Yangquan Spring Color", "Hat Stone Smoke Condensation" and "Stone Urn Shengfeng" in the Dayangquan area. For the beautiful scenery of Dayang Spring at that time, there are many records in ancient poems. Yuan Haowen, a great poet of the Jin Dynasty whose ancestral home is Pingding, wrote "Staying at Qiyun Taoist Temple at Night" is one of them:
"Outside the square, the heart is clear." Open the window to take in the shadow of the mountain, push the pillow to get the sound of the stream. Kawa road far away who arrives, Ishida hira can be cultivated. Frost Forest is not a guest, stay to see Jin Zhengrong. ”
The location of the Qiyun Taoist Temple in the poem is the area around the former residence of Zhang Mu in the current Dayangquan Village. The Lion Mountain described in this poem is not far away, such as a splendid screen, the window is opened in the morning to make its nickname Dai Ying Na's eyes, the water of the spring does not see its shape but hears its sound, and this beautiful sound of water is obtained by "pushing the pillow" at the beginning of waking up from a dream, which is particularly understanding of human nature, and is natural and kind, which is actually a landscape that makes people "purify their hearts". At the end of the Qing Dynasty, Zhang Mu, a native of Dayangquan Village and a famous scholar, admired this fellow sage Mr. Yuan Yishan very much, especially in the poem "Open the window to accept the mountain shadow, push the pillow of the stream" and "two good sentences were poured down, and composed a poem "Self-titled Xiaoqi Yunting", in which "The cuiping painting shadow column surges forward, and the jade waterfall piano sounds on the pillow" The two sentences are similar to the works of the Yuan family.
At the time of the Ming and Qing dynasties, Mr. Fu Shan also came to Dayangquan many times and had many contacts with the Bai family in the village. His "Spring Dawn in Yangquan" is a masterpiece that describes the mountains and rivers around Dayangquan: "Majestic and drunken pen immortals, a hill and a valley painter Zen." The futon is involved in the king of The Maha, and the stone green dan sand is always not beautiful. There is also a poem "Yangquan Spring Color" written by Anonymous: "Here has never been spring first, and the peach red willow green is fresh and new." Sometimes the rain over the mountains adds to the greenery, and the long-term streams wrinkle the scales. It seems that wild flowers are burning, and birds are calling frequently. Turning back, there are more south peaks to win, and the green mist is green and green. "Savor these poems and be enchanted by the picturesque landscapes in them. It can be seen from this that "Yangquan Spring Color", as one of the eight scenic spots of Pingding Ancient Prefecture recorded and circulated, is indeed worthy of the name.
Thousands of years of reincarnation of the sun and the moon, vicissitudes and great changes, today, the grand scenery of the five springs gushing in Dayangquan Village no longer exists, but the blue mountain shadow of Lion Mountain is still there, the old site of the river and the stream still exists, and the 1300-year-old Tang Huai is still branching vigorously, covering the sky and the sun, just like the two kind elderly guardians of this feng shui treasure land, attracting countless literati and inkers to explore the best place in poetry.
Advocating literature and learning to cultivate Hongru
Since ancient times, the Yangquan area has had a fine tradition of re-teaching and rejuvenation, and Pingding and Luxian are known as "famous states of literature" and "the hometown of jinshi". Dayangquan Village, as the premier cultural village in the west of Pingding Prefecture, has successively built Mingxian Academy, Gao cen Academy, Huaiyin Academy, etc. in the Ming and Qing dynasties, and many rich families have also built private schools. The existing Yixuetang in the village is the private school founded by Xi Xiangfeng, the owner of Kuisheng, the thirteenth year of Qing Tongzhi, donated it to the gongzhong, and the Guangxu decade donated the Yixuefangyuan to the village as a public welfare school, and at the same time donated nearly 100 acres of land for the use of yixue, which is one of the earliest yixue in Pingdingzhou. On the front of the YixueTang is a three-eyed eaves cave, the middle cave of that year is dedicated to Confucius, sixteen rooms in the east, west and south are used for classrooms, and the other two are kitchens. There is a ginkgo tree planted in the courtyard of the academy, with a straight and upright trunk, thick and luxuriant. In the more than 100 years from the end of the Qing Dynasty to the relocation of Dayangquan School to a new location in 1980, generations of students have embarked on the road to becoming talents from here.
To say that the most famous Shuxiang Mendi in Dayangquan Village is also counted as the Zhang family living in the southeast of the village. The existing former residence of Zhang Mu, also known as "Yangquan Villa" and "Zhangjia Garden", is the former residence of Zhang Mu, a famous patriotic thinker, geographer, calligrapher and editor of the Qing Dynasty, his grandfather Zhang Peifang, and his father Zhang Dunyi. Zhang Peifang, originally known as Rufang, was originally a native of Pingding City and later moved to Dayangquan Village. Qianlong was raised in the middle of the twentieth century, and then in the following year. In Anhui, he successively served as a county commander and a governor of Zhizhou. During his term of office, he built a college and a palace of learning, punished the adulterous and the poor, cured water damage, and emphasized agriculture and mulberry, which was deeply supported by the people. Zhang Peifang not only has excellent political talent, but also has profound knowledge, is familiar with astronomy, geography, and the evolution of the historical system, is proficient in examination, and likes to collect books. In his spare time in politics, he wrote books and said that he had left behind precious cultural heritage such as "Lu Xuangong Hanyuan Collection" in twenty-four volumes, one volume of "Pingding Prefecture Zhi Kao Error", one volume of "Zhixian Zhi", and "Yuguan Kao". Qianlong died of illness in 58 years and was buried in Dayangquan.
Zhang Mu's father, Zhang Dunyi, was born in the place where Zhang Peifang worked in Hefei, Anhui Province, and was brought back to the "Yangquan Mountain Villa" by his mother Chen Shi at the age of seven to raise and cultivate. In the year of his return to his hometown, he hired a well-known private school in Pingding Prefecture. When Tun Yi was young, he studied very hard, often reading at night with candles. Jiaqing six years xin xixiang examination in the first place, and then at the invitation of Taiping County order to preside over the "Taiping Academy", Jiaqing sixteen years, forty-year-old Zhang Dunyi high school Xin Weike jinshi, for the temple examination twenty-six. In the summer of the nineteenth year of Jiaqing, Dun Yi completed his three-year study in Hanlin Academy as a ShuJishi, ranked first in the examination, and was appointed to edit and stay in Hanlin Academy. Jiaqing appointed Zhang Dunyi as an examiner of the Fujian Township Examination in the 23rd year, but unfortunately died of a violent illness in Jiande, Zhejiang Province, on the way to his post.
Compared with his father and grandfather, although Zhang Mu did not enter the army in his lifetime, his knowledge and achievements were not inferior, especially his writings were quite rich, and he had a high reputation in academia, and he was called a true scholar in the history of the late Qing Dynasty of China and "the first person to open his eyes to the world". Zhang Mu was born in the tenth year of Jiaqing (1805), his name was Yingxian (瀛暹), and later changed his name to Mu (穆), a character for Shizhou. He came from a family of scholars and received a good enlightenment education from an early age. Under the care of his parents and three elder brothers, Zhang Yingxian spent a carefree childhood in this beautiful village. When he was 11 years old, his mother Wang Shi died, which made him taste the loss of relatives for the first time, and then the 18-year-old stepmother Li Shi came to the Zhang family, and his life was changed. However, his fate was uncertain, and within ten years, his father Zhang Dunyi and stepmother Li Shi died one after another. Daoguang 19, Zhang Yingxian should shun Tianxiang test, because of "mistakenly violating the routine", and was "slandered" by the invigilator, was reprimanded and withdrawn. After that, Zhang Ying's Siamese tunnel changed his name to Zhang Mu, and he lived in the south of Xuanwu City, the capital city, "writing books in closed houses, benefiting from the ancients", and no longer eunuchs. In the twenty-eighth year of Daoguang, Zhang Mu's wife died and his son was lost, and successive blows caused Zhang Mu to die in the twenty-ninth year of Daoguang, at the age of 45. In the last ten years of his life, he successively compiled the "Annals of Gu Yanwu", "Annals of Yan Ruoyun", "Mongolian Nomadic Chronicles", "Topographical Chronicles of Wei Yanchang", "Maps of The History of Dynasties", "Examination of the Tang and Two Capital Cities", "Kunlun Similarities and Differences Examination", "Supplement to Russian Affairs" and other books. His masterpiece "Mongolian Nomadism", with its historical examples, flexible and innovative, informative information, and archaeological evidence, fills the gap between the three histories of Liao, Jin and Yuan. Previously, there had never been a monograph on the history of Inner and Outer Mongolia and the history of Northwest China, which had a great influence on the time and future generations. Soon after its publication, this book was highly respected by sinologists at home and abroad. Immersed in the study of learning, hard work, and finally made this ill-fated Guzhou talent become a generation of Hongru, there is a biography in the "Qing History Manuscript Wenyuan Biography", the books he wrote are still preserved in the national library, it is still an authoritative masterpiece studied by foreign historians, and the poems and patriotic ideas he left behind have also received more and more attention.
After the erosion of wind and rain, the years have changed, and only a few relics remain in the huge mountain villa that used to integrate gardens, pools, residences, ancestral halls and private schools, and when you walk into the slightly renovated Former Residence of Zhang Mu, you can't help but feel sad when you think of the short life of Zhang Mu's father and son. "Bamboo path spring cicadas new shoots, garden autumn pulling medicine field fertilizer", what is amazing is that the peony and peony medicine with a history of more than 100 years in front of the Zhang family's old house have been blooming every year; no matter winter or summer, the cluster of green bamboo in front of the former residence is particularly luxuriant and green. The three generations of one discipline have come out of two scholars and one Hongru, which shows that the good inheritance and promotion of the style of advocating literature and learning in the Zhang family, the study and inheritance of the life, thoughts and writings of Zhang Mu and his father and ancestors will surely add new fragrance and brilliance to the prosperity of the ancient village and even Yangquan culture like this endless peony, peony and green bamboo.
Merchants gathered a number of grandeurs
Founded in the Northern Song Dynasty, Dayangquan Village was originally an agricultural village that lived by the water, the Ming Dynasty began to gradually turn to commerce, due to the convenient transportation of this place, the people's ideological enlightenment, coupled with the abundant coal and iron resources, the village gradually appeared a larger business name, especially the iron industry is increasingly developed, and gradually become an important commercial market town in the eastern Jindong region, almost every household has a person who works and does business. The main street in the village was called Yangquan Street in ancient times, running east-west, from East Pavilion in the east to West Pavilion in the west, with a total length of 334 meters. Along the street, more than 40 commercial shops of the Ming and Qing dynasties are arranged in an orderly manner. By the heyday of the Jin Dynasty and Shang dynasty, Dayangquan Village had successively bred several legendary Wang clans such as Xi, Feng, and Yao, and their semicolons, merchants, shops, and goods expanded to all parts of the country and became famous. Among them, the most powerful and famous is the Kuisheng number founded by Xi Zhankui, the ancestor of the Xi family, during the Qing Dynasty. After the establishment of Kuisheng, it made full use of the advantages of local resources, and after several generations of accumulation and development, gradually expanded the commercial bank to Yulu, Jingxing, Shijiazhuang, Zhengding, Beijing, Tianjin, Shandong, Dalian, Haicheng, Yingkou and other places, with the names of Fuxingkui, Yongshengkui, Dejukui, Zonghekui, Kuisheng, Kuiyongzhuang, Kuishengcheng and so on. In its heyday, there were 360 "Kui" trading houses opened in various places, employing more than 3,000 people, with total assets of 30 million taels of silver, known as "Ten Mile Beijing Division and Seven Mile Kui", and often traded with Japan, Russia and Western countries. The business scope has expanded from the iron goods of Pingding specialties in Shanxi to the department stores with everything from silk satin to onions and garlic, and is known as the first firm in Pingding Prefecture in the Qing Dynasty.
Like the Jin merchants in other places, after the merchants of Dayangquan Village made their fortunes, they also spared no effort to build houses on land, leaving behind strong and exquisite houses for future generations. The existing Jinshang compound in Dayangquan Village, especially Jingyuantang, Zhengyuantang, Xiangruitang, Songmaotang, Siyi, Kuisheng and other Branches and Courtyards, are the largest, collectively known as The Qijiazhuang Courtyard. There are more than 20 sets of courtyards, covering a total area of about 45 acres, each courtyard has its own gatehouse, which is connected into one when opened, and self-contained when closed. After a hundred years of vicissitudes, although the few old houses that have been fortunately preserved today can no longer be spoken of the grandeur of the manor house, from the exquisite and gorgeous, majestic and magnificent pillar gatehouse, we can still glimpse how magnificent this place was.
Generations of descendants of the Xi family shouldered mules and pulled, went south and north, worked hard to start a business, worked hard, and finally achieved a generation of giant business splendor. After the prosperity and development of the family business, the Xi family scrupulously adhered to the foundation of business, loyal and patriotic, happy to be charitable, and the historical records of good deeds such as opening warehouses and releasing grain, repairing roads and roads, and relieving disasters and rehabilitating schools have been recorded. In the fifth year of the Qing Dynasty, the Xi family was given the title of "Du Wei Fu" for disaster relief and widespread charity, which means the house of poverty relief on behalf of the country, and this plaque hangs in the doorway, which is a great glory of the Shangjia family.
As the saying goes, the rich are not more than three generations, and the Kuisheng has been passed down for five generations in the hands of the Qi family, lasting 180 years, but it has not avoided the fate of decay. After the death of the 17th generation of the Xi family, Sun Fengming, his two sons who had succeeded him only knew pleasure, did not know the family property, ignored the family business, and were contaminated with the vice of smoking big cigarettes, which was the internal cause of the decline of the Qi family's Kuisheng. In addition, the decline of the state at the end of the Qing Dynasty, the frequent occurrence of wars, the lack of consolidation of the city, and the intrusion of robbers accelerated the decline of the Qi family.
The prosperous scenery is like a cloud of smoke, and there is a way to dominate for a hundred years. Nowadays, the former commercial glory of the Dayang Quan Xi family has long been lost in the dust of history, but the spirit of thrift and diligence, honesty, good management, courage to open up, and enthusiasm for public welfare of the ancestors of the Jin merchants will never be out of date, when like a bright lamp to lead and inspire the newcomers to pass on the torch, continue to struggle, and forever cast brilliant.
Yo-Yo Ancient Village looks forward to revival
"To visit Dayang Spring is to read history, and to taste Dayang Spring is to taste culture." As one of the first batch of traditional Chinese villages and historical and cultural villages, Dayangquan Ancient Village has a rich historical culture and precious ancient architectural remains. At the same time, it has the characteristics of style that other ancient villages do not have. For example, close to the city center, the name of Yangquan City is derived from the name of the village, the turtle-shaped layout of the ancient village building, the name of the village is quite a market town style, yiwen yishang, southern Confucian and northern merchants and talents, literati and scholars have gathered, legends and stories are many, and so on. Such a unique Dayangquan Village is also rare in the traditional ancient villages such as the scattered stars in the Land of the Three Jins.
First of all, the architecture, dayangquan ancient village has experienced thousands of years of wind and rain, but the village of ancient residences, ancient streets and alleys, ancient businesses, ancient temples, ancient opera buildings, ancient schools, ancient ancestral halls, ancient attics, etc. have been preserved, and the spatial pattern is complete, the architectural characteristics are distinctive, is one of the few existing large areas, with the ming and Qing Dynasty local traditional architectural style as the main body of the ancient market town complex. Whether it is the antique, leisurely and simple Confucian mansion, or the exquisitely carved and magnificent Shangjia courtyard; whether it is the temple ancestral hall with strict layout and exquisite decoration; or the pavilion of the opera building with carved beams and paintings and flying cornices and arches, they are all the physical essence rich in architectural art and humanistic concepts, and are the rare and non-renewable precious wealth handed down by the ancestors, many of which are classic works, which can be called the integration place of ancient chinese rural history.
Speaking of culture, in terms of area, population and structure, Dayangquan Village is not very large, but it contains an extremely rich culture. These include the ancient residential culture represented by many large and small courtyards, the Jin shang culture represented by the Xi family and its Kuisheng number, the religious culture represented by the WulongGong and The Guangyu Ancestral Hall, the Confucian culture and celebrity culture represented by Zhang Mu and his father and grandfather who have intersected with the ancient village, the Confucian culture represented by Fu Shan, the filial piety culture represented by the Feng Ancestral Hall, and various folk customs and intangible cultural heritage. In Dayangquan Ancient Village, wherever we go, we feel that the walls, things here, the land here, and the sky here all carry the pulse of history and emit the light of culture. It can be said that culture is the soul of Dayangquan Ancient Village. In essence, the inclusiveness of ancient village culture is the same as the diversified and inclusive characteristics of Yangquan culture, and the traditional Chinese culture of thousands of years is in the same vein, if further excavation is created, absorbed and gathered, it can become a brand window to display the historical regional culture of Yangquan and the traditional Chinese village market town culture of thousands of years, and become a place of traditional culture study and study and the spiritual hometown and spiritual home that the Chinese people yearn for.
In addition, Dayangquan Ancient Village, located at the junction of urban and rural areas, also has a unique geographical environment. With the change of the times and the continuous development and construction, the current ancient village and the Yangquan urban area have been integrated, although the scene of the former flat spring can no longer be seen, but the large area under the Shinao Mountain in the west of the village still has rich landscape and forest resources, in dayang spring, "can see the mountain, can see the water, remember the homesickness" is not difficult to achieve. Actively give full play to the historical and cultural resources, natural ecological resources and transportation location advantages of the ancient village, create a cultural tourism and health care base that meets the needs of modern people's physical and mental double cultivation, and turn the beautiful "Yangquan West Valley" in the poem into a desirable "Yangxinao Mountain Under the Health Valley", can it be another direction for the development of the Cultural Tourism Industry in Dayangquan.
In recent years, with the attention and support of the government, the village has successively repaired the main streets and alleys and some ancient buildings, the overall skeleton and key buildings of the ancient village have been effectively protected, and the village has also set up a special agency to excavate and sort out the historical connotation and cultural relics and monuments of the ancient village, especially the Yangquan Street, which has been carefully decorated, is elegant and tidy, with many business names and lanterns hanging high, and is shining with new brilliance. In order to carry forward traditional culture and promote the integration of culture and tourism, districts, towns and villages also launch colorful folk cultural activities such as lantern festivals, food festivals, photography exhibitions, and "Yangquan" cultural festivals every year during the Spring Festival, Lantern Festival, Dragon Boat Festival, traditional temple fair on the 19th day of the sixth month of the lunar calendar, and winter solstice, which have enhanced the popularity, influence and cultural self-confidence of Dayangquan Village. In particular, a group of people of insight outside the village have unremittingly and consciously and spontaneously excavated, studied, sorted out and publicized the village history, celebrities, and folk intangible cultural heritage of Dayangquan Ancient Village, and achieved fruitful results, making the ancient village more and more influential and attractive.
"Ancient Chinese villages look at Yangquan, the first to mention the Great Yangquan". Nowadays, relying on the precious historical architectural resources, rich and thick cultural resources and convenient geographical and transportation conditions of the ancient village, it has become the consensus of the local government and the majority of villagers to actively develop the cultural tourism industry on the basis of protection priority, build a regional ancient village tour leader and a characteristic cultural tourism town, and realize the development and utilization in protection and better protection in development and utilization. It is believed that in the near future, the ancient village of Dayangquan, which carries the historical context of a thousand years, will certainly be able to glow with a more attractive look.