In the "Romance of the Three Kingdoms", Guan Zhang, Zhao Yun, Zhang Liao, Xu Chu and other famous generals are countless, relatively speaking, the "highlight moments" of the Eastern Wu generals are much less, and perhaps many friends think of "Ganning Hundred Horsemen Robbing Wei Zhai" or "Ding Fengxue In the Middle of the Short Soldiers". In fact, in the history of Eastern Wu, Ding Feng was definitely a pivotal figure.
Unexpectedly, in 2020, Ding Feng's tomb was also found. This is the second tomb of a famous general of the Three Kingdoms that has reappeared after the discovery of Zhu Ran's tomb in Ma'anshan that year.
<h1 class="pgc-h-decimal" data-index="01" data-track="6" > Ding Bongqi</h1>
In that era when the concept of door valves had emerged, ordinary people who wanted to become unusual had to make extraordinary efforts. Ding Fengqi's family could not see any ancestral yin, all relying on personal hard work, and the Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms records that he "took Xiao Yong as a young general" and "often won battles." Each slash will raise the flag and the body will be destroyed. ”
Ding Feng, who was so desperate, gradually stood out in the Eastern Wu team, and after Sun Quan's death, he assisted Sun Liang and was crowned as the Marquis of Duting.
Then came his highlight moment— the short soldier in the snow. This is really not a fiction in Luo Guanzhong's interpretation. The Wei state zhuge and Hu Zun attacked Dongxing, and the Wu state taifu Zhuge Ke led troops to resist.
Ding Feng felt that the army was moving too slowly, and if the Wei army preemptively occupied the important territory, it would be troublesome. Therefore, he led three thousand troops to advance and engaged the Wei army on a stormy day.
The Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms says: (Ding Feng) is to make the soldiers unarmored and hold short soldiers. The enemy thus laughs, not for the equipment. The arsonists were slashed and the enemy's front bunker was destroyed.
During the Three Kingdoms period, whenever the front was in battle, the long gun euphorbia was often used, and the short soldier was a defensive weapon that had to be used as a last resort. At that time, the weapons were often made of hundreds of steel, of excellent quality, and did not wear armor on the battlefield, which was really a suicidal act. Therefore, when Wei Jun saw this picture of Wu Jun disarming and holding short soldiers, he felt that the other side was not unwise and did not take precautions at all.
Then the result was known, and Ding Feng won a complete victory with these three thousand people. Among the famous generals of the State of Wu, there are the so-called Twelve Tiger Ministers of Jiangbiao, and Ding Feng is among them, which can be described as well-deserved.
Later, the powerful minister Sun Qiao deposed the emperor, and there was a danger of civil unrest in Eastern Wu. At this time, it was still Ding Feng who "did not confuse big things" and captured Sun Qiang, and because of this merit, he was promoted to a great general and sealed as a protector of the left and right.
To say, Ding Feng's death is also very "timely", he died in the third year of Jianheng (271), 8 years later the Western Jin Dynasty destroyed Wu, the three points were unified, the veteran was able to die well in the chaotic world, and did not witness the separation of his home country, which can be described as a blessing.
<h1 class="pgc-h-decimal" data-index="02" data-track="18" > the connotation of Ding Feng's tomb</h1>
The tomb of Ding Bong is located on the shogunate hill. This mountain, except for the natives of Nanjing, may rarely hear it, because its volume is really not a famous mountain, and the height of the main peak is less than 200 meters.
The word shogunate, friends familiar with history should know very well, is the ancient generals and marshals of the place of planning. The local chronicle records that "The Jin Yuan Emperor crossed the river from Guangling, and the King of Xiang led the construction of the shogunate on this mountain, because of the name." "But it is said that the name already existed in Eastern Wu and had nothing to do with Wang Daoshi."
For cultural relics workers, even if they are not from Nanjing, they have heard of Shogun Mountain, because there are too many important tombs here, which belong to the Nanjing Key Cultural Relics Protection Area - "Shogun Hill Ancient Tomb Group Area". In the past, archaeologists have found and excavated family burial sites like the Jinwang clan in Shandong, the Jinyan clan in Tiger Shandong, and the Jinwen clan in Guojia Shandong.
Therefore, it is not difficult to speculate that in the feng shui concept of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, shogunate mountain must be an excellent place for feng shui, so it has attracted the family to build cemeteries here.
Aerial photograph of the Ding Feng family tomb
As with the above cemetery, Ding Fengjia also gathered here to bury, this time archaeologists found a total of four tombs, all north-south, east-west side distribution, very neat.
Among them, Ding Feng's own tomb is Tomb No. 3, which consists of a step-like tomb passage and a brick burial chamber. The burial chamber includes a corridor, an anterior chamber, an ear chamber, and a back chamber. This tomb has been stolen and excavated, and the excavated cultural relics include pottery cattle, dogs, mills, mortars, plates, bowls, lamps, glazed pottery soul bottles, equestrian figurines, boxes, lacquer plates, etc., a total of nearly 200 pieces. It seems that there are more burial items that were put in when they were buried.
The other three tombs are relatively similar in shape, but they have all been destroyed, and the number of excavated cultural relics varies, but the type is very close to the Ding Feng tomb, which belongs to the characteristics of the same era.
The layout of the front and back rooms, in fact, inherits the pattern of the front hall and the back room since the Eastern Han Dynasty, that is, the front room of the tomb symbolizes the living room of the Yang Dynasty, and the back room symbolizes the bedroom.
So, how do archaeologists determine that the owner of the tomb is Ding Feng?
It also depends on words.
In Tomb No. 3, four voucher bricks were unearthed, with the following text:
"Jianheng 3rd Year August 16 Liangyue Auspicious Day Great Male Envoy Holding Festival Left Army Division Right Grand Sima Xuzhou Mu Left Protector Army No Difficulty Right Governor General An Feng Hou Lujiang An Feng Ding Feng Li Tomb Mansion at the foot of mo fu mountain, buy land from heaven and buy house from land ... Iron coupons are evidenced by the Emperor's decree. ”
Land purchase coupons are more popular funerary products from the late Eastern Han Dynasty to the Ming and Qing dynasties, with strong Taoist characteristics, and the content is symbolically buying cemeteries from the gods in the hope of being blessed.
These texts clearly state that the owner of the tomb is Ding Feng, and the era of the tomb repair is also consistent with the year of Ding Feng's death recorded in the history books. From this, it can be judged that the owner of Tomb No. 3 is Ding Feng.
<h1 class="pgc-h-decimal" data-index="03" data-track="36" > the meaning of the equestrian figurines</h1>
Among the cultural relics excavated from Ding Feng's tomb, there are a number of equestrian figurines with glazed surfaces. Although most of them were destroyed during the burglary, after restoration, it can be found that they were originally a group of riding figurines.
Equestrian figurines excavated from Ding Feng's tomb
Looking closely, the production of these figurines is still quite careful, and the clothes and pants and harnesses of the characters are clearly and completely shaped, providing us with good evidence for understanding the material relics at that time.
But they're worth more than that. Because they reflect the "advocacy" system at that time.
Preaching is not a good word now, but it used to be a noun, and it is a very honorable noun, referring to a band riding on a horse to beat the drum and play the flute.
During the Three Kingdoms period, preaching was only suitable for officials with a certain status. For example, during Zhuge Liang's southern expedition, the later lord "Zhao Liang Jin Gong Yi One Body, Qu Gai One, Front and Back Yu Bao Advocated One, Tiger Gong Sixty People." Sun Quan also rewarded Zhuge Ke, and also "ordered to prepare prestige, make a trumpet, and guide him home."
These noble generals will be rewarded and praised as glory before they die, and it is perfectly normal to be buried with pottery figurines imitating the drums after death.
In the tomb of Yongning II (302) in Changsha Jinpenling in the late Western Jin Dynasty, glazed trumpet figurines were also excavated, and it is not difficult to find that they are quite similar to those excavated from the Tomb of Ding Feng, and their source is likely to be in the tombs of the Eastern Wu Period.
Drumming figurines excavated from the tomb of Yongning II
A generation of Jiangbiao Tiger Chen, the events behind us also brought us too many surprises. Just as the so-called rise and fall of the ancient times, the Yangtze River is rolling, reading history books and archaeological materials, can make people have more understanding of that distant era.