At 9:51 today, the Qingming Festival was ushered in. Qingming is the fifth of the twenty-four solar terms, and at this time, the temperature of the Chinese land, whether in the north or south, generally rises, the air is clear, and the scenery is clear, so it is named "Qingming".
The weather is fresh, bright and warm, which is the spring season when birds and flowers are singing. In the eyes of the ancients, there were three iconic phenologys of Qingming:
A waiting for Tong Shihua
At this time, the tung trees begin to bloom
Erhou voles turn into wrens (rú)
The yin-loving voles all hid back in their burrows
The yang-loving birds began to come out and move
The three rainbows began to see
Sky after rain
If the clouds leak the sun, the day wears the shadow of the rain
You can see the rainbow of seven colors
Qingming is both a festival and a festival. The qingming of the festival is a great opportunity for spring ploughing and planting; the qingming of the festival is a traditional day for the people to send their emotions and treat themselves.
Qingming customs
In ancient times, there was a cold food festival (the 105th day after the winter solstice) a day or two after the Qingming Festival. After the Song Dynasty, the customs of eating cold food and visiting tombs during the cold food festival moved to the Qingming Dynasty, and it can also be said that the date of the cold food festival custom combined with the Qingming festival became the Qingming Festival.
The two major customs of the Qingming Festival, cold food and ancestor worship, the former has rarely been seen, and the latter has never dissipated.
Change the fire
The Cold Food Festival consists of two contents, one is the official fire change ceremony, and the other is the folk fire prohibition cold food. Cold food reflects the stage of food scarcity experienced by the ancestors, and the fire change ceremony marks the beginning of a new farming period.
In primitive society, fire seeds are not easy to come by, and the ancestors drilled wood for fire, and the tree species that took fire often changed due to seasonal changes. Therefore, changing fire and exchanging it for new fire was a major event in the lives of the ancients.
In the Tang Dynasty, Han Hong once wrote the poem "Cold Food", the people's homes did not make fires and lights, and only at night were lit candles in the palace, which is a true portrayal of the Cold Food Festival.
Cold food
What was the main food of the ancient Cold Food Festival? Jin Luyi's "Book of Yizhong" first talked about the special foods in cold food: "On the day of cold food, it is made of liquor cheese, boiled japonica rice and wheat are cheese, and mashed apricot red is boiled as porridge." "Until the Tang and Song dynasties, people still ate this cold barley porridge.
In the Song Dynasty, Yang Tong rice was eaten, and later it was very popular in Jiangnan. In addition, there are also rice dishes such as green wormwood, young artemisia, and quinoa.
After the Tang and Song dynasties, the Qingming Festival gradually replaced the Cold Food Festival.
ancestor worship
"During the Qingming Festival, it rains a lot, and pedestrians on the road want to break their souls." Qingming is also a solemn day, Chinese to pay tribute to the ancestors, remember the martyrs, full of sentimental feelings of cautiously chasing the distant future.
During the Tomb Sweeping Season, people often bring wine, food, fruits and other items to the cemetery, offer food to the graves of their relatives, cultivate new soil for the graves, fold a few new green branches and insert them on the graves, and then prostrate their heads and worship, and finally eat the wine.
Cutting willows
There are three legends about the Qingming Dynasty wearing willow cuttings. It is said that in order to commemorate the Shennong clan, which cultivated the crops of the parishioners, the meaning of praying for longevity was developed. The second theory is related to the meson push, Jin Wengong led the courtiers to climb the mountain to pay tribute to the meson Tui, and found that the old willow tree that the meson had relied on before the death of the meson was dead and resurrected, so he gave the old willow tree the name of "Qingming Willow". Another legend is that Emperor Taizong of Tang gave the chancellor a willow circle as a sign of blessing to ward off the plague.
Outing
About the beginning of the Tang Dynasty, people swept the tombs in the Qingming Dynasty, but also accompanied by the green amusement. Since qingming and the graves have to go to the suburbs, in addition to mourning the ancestors, by the way, in the bright spring light, they can also be regarded as a way to change their moods.
Harriers fly, spring is noisy
Flying kites is also a folk custom widely spread during the Qingming Dynasty, and the kite is cut and matched after the kite is placed, hoping to eliminate diseases and disasters and bring good luck.
Hangzhou people call kites "harriers", and there is a saying circulating in the memory of old Hangzhou: "On the second of February, the harriers are released on the city god mountain; the harrier flies high, comes back to eat rice cakes, and the harrier flies low and comes back to hold his brother." "It can be seen that Chenghuang Mountain (Wushan) has a deep relationship with Hangzhou people flying kites.
Recently, the Chenghuangge Scenic Area is holding the 2019 "Hangzhou Southern Song Dynasty Court Kite Boutique Exhibition". The exhibition selects 50 artistic masterpieces by a number of kite masters and centuries-old kite families for citizens and tourists to enjoy.
"Ten Views of the West Lake" Sand Swallow Kite
Large sand swallow kites were mostly used by the royal family in ancient times, with exquisite workmanship and fine tie, which can be preserved for more than 100 years.
Bag kite
The 19 "bag kites" on display use the butterfly shape as the carrier, using ultra-thin silk fabrics, and the exquisite painting art condenses the beautiful Landscape of the West Lake on a kite.
The master teaches you to make kites
During the exhibition period, every weekend and during the Qingming and May Day holidays, chenghuangge scenic spot will carry out the "parent-child kite DIY" activity.
The weather was sunny and the temperature was 30°C
It is said that "the rain is everywhere during the Qingming season", but this year's Qingming is mainly based on sunny and good weather!
Today, there are still some clouds in the sky, which is cloudy and cloudy; tomorrow (6th), the cloud curtain gradually disappears, and the clouds are dominant; the day after tomorrow (7th) is completely the home of the sun, sunny to cloudy.
With the help of good weather, the holiday temperature has also risen full of momentum, with the maximum temperature from 23 °C to 27 °C to 30 °C; the minimum temperature is also stable at 12-14 °C. It's time to get the short sleeves ready!
However, such a high temperature, low humidity Qingming holiday, we must be more vigilant about the safety of fire in tomb sweeping, stepping on green and other activities! Hang Xiaowei reminded everyone that the weather is better during the Qingming holiday, and everyone still needs civilized sacrifices to strictly prevent fires.
Information/Municipal Meteorological Bureau, West Lake Scenic Area Management Committee, People's Daily, People's Network
Editing/Solemnity
Typography/Solemnity
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