Song and Yuan dynasties
(1) Musical phenomena
The vigorous development of civic music is an important feature of song and yuan music culture. During the Song and Yuan dynasties, the center of civic musical activities was was the washe and the hook bar.
(1) Washe, also known as tile city, tile house, tile, is a commercial concentration with entertainment as the main content.
(2) The tick bar, sometimes referred to as the "music booth", is a fixed venue for artists to perform.
(3) Wandering artists are called "Luqi people".
(2) Musical form
1. The tune
A song is an artistic song developed on the basis of folk songs. The music part is called "song"; the lyrics part is called "song word", or "word" for short. Song Dynasty music is mostly composed by filling in the lyrics according to the song.
Representative lyricists: Liu Yong, Jiang Kui, etc.
【Representative Works】 "Shuying", "Desolate Prisoner", "Apricot Blossom Heavenly Shadow", "Dark Incense", "Yangzhou Slow", "Mane Creek Plum Order"
2. Rap music
(1) Drum words Drum words were popular in the Song Dynasty, and were named because they were mainly accompanied by drums. Its structural characteristics are that the whole passage is sung repeatedly with only one tone, and each paragraph is both a confession, which constitutes the characteristics of rap art that is both lyrical and narrative.
1) Rap phase - there is rap and singing, first say and then sing, "Yuan Wei's Cui Yingying Shang Butterfly Love Flower";
2) Just sing and don't say.
(2) The tune of the palaces
The founder is Kong Sanchuan, which is a kind of rap music form with rap and singing, rapping, singing as the mainstay, and performing long stories with complex plots.
Written by Dong Xieyuan, the "Notes on the Palaces of the Western Chamber" is the most complete preserved work of the Palaces that has been seen so far, and it is preserved in the "Nine Palaces Dacheng Nanbei Andruzi Palace Spectrum".
(3) Singing earns
The founder is Zhang Wuniu. Singing is a form of performance in the Song Dynasty that appeared in the Song Dynasty with drums, claps and flutes as the main accompaniment instruments and cappella suites, the tune can only be connected to the same palace tune, can not be transposed. There are two main types of winding and winding.
(4) Tao Zhen
A kind of rap art popular in the countryside, most of the Song Dynasty singers were "Luqi people", and their accompaniment instruments were mainly pipa.
(5) Cargo Lang'er: Representative works "Cargo Lang'er" and "Cargo Lang Taiping Song".
The art of opera in China was established in the Song Dynasty and was divided into two major systems: miscellaneous opera and southern opera.
(1) Miscellaneous dramas
Yuanqu "Four/Six Everyone" Guan Hanqing: "Dou E'er", "Saving the Wind and Dust", "Wangjiang Pavilion" Ma Zhiyuan: "Han Palace Autumn" Zheng Guangzu: "Qiannu Leaving the Soul" Bai Pu: "Wall Head Horse", "Wutong Rain" Wang Shifu: "Xi Xiang" Qiao Jifu: "Marriage between two worlds"
(2) Southern opera
Originated in the last years of the Northern Song Dynasty, it originated in Wenzhou, Zhejiang, and was originally named "Wenzhou Miscellaneous Opera" or "Yongjia Miscellaneous Opera" or "Southern Opera". The "Four Legends" that are widely circulated include "Jingchao", "Liu Zhiyuan White Rabbit" (also known as "White Rabbit"),"Baiyueting", "Killing Dogs", "Pipa", and called "Five Legends".
(3) Musical treatises
(4) Musical instruments
1. Pipa - The earliest pipa solo piece of "Haiqing Na Swan" is a representative of pipa martial arts.
2. Seven-stringed Qin - "Xiaoxiang Water Cloud" is a guqin work created by Guo Yuan, the founder of the Zhejiang School of Guqin in the Song Dynasty of China, and is included in the "Magical Secret Score".
(5) Notation
Yanle Vulgar Notation - Folk Character Notation is an early form of Gongzhi Notation.
(6) Music law
After Cai Yuanding (Southern Song Dynasty) used the three-point profit and loss method to generate the twelve positive laws, he continued to give birth to the six laws and formed a legal system. Cai Yuanding called these six laws the law of change, that is, "changing yellow bell", "changing forest bell", "changing too cluster", "changing Nan lu", "changing Gu Xian", and "changing the bell". Cai Yuanding's eighteen laws theoretically and reasonably solve the problem of transposition of the three-point profit and loss law, so that the theory of the three-point profit and loss law has reached a more perfect point.