In March 2015 (Editor's Note: This article was originally published in 2015), the newly compiled historical Peking Opera "The World Returns to the Heart" was staged at the National Centre for the Performing Arts. This play was performed 10 times in Beijing during the National Day in 2014, causing quite a stir.
At the 2014 New Year's Opera Gala, the "Mother and Child Meet" duet in this drama was presented in front of national leaders and national television audiences, and the praise was overwhelming!
But who knows, this drama is related to Our Xinxiang City Yanjin County?
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > Zheng Boke Duan Yu Yan</h1>
This play is based on the old Peking opera "Digging the Ground to See the Mother", from the story of "Zheng Boke Duan Yu Yan" in the historical masterpiece "Zuo Biao".
The "Zuo Biography" records: "The uncle also accepted the second contempt (West Contempt, North Contempt) as his own yi, as for The Yan. ”
"Yanyan" is now Yanjin County, Xinxiang City. The Chronicle of the States of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty tells the ins and outs of this matter in great detail, and the name "廪延" appears as many as eight times before and after. It is said that in the Spring and Autumn Period, Zheng Wugong married his wife Jiang Shi, and when Jiang Shi gave birth to his eldest son, he had difficulty giving birth and suffered some fright, so he did not like this son very much.
Three years later, he gave birth to a second son, who looked like a beautiful eyebrow and was named Duan, and the Jiang clan loved him very much and wanted the second eldest to inherit the throne as the monarch. However, Zheng Wugong disagreed, believing that the boss was not at fault, should not abolish the elder and the young, and still establish the boss as the son of the world according to the rules, and would become the monarch in the future.
In order to comfort the Jiang clan, Gongcheng (present-day County-level Huixian City, a county-level city of Xinxiang City) was made the fief of the second son Duan, and was called Gongshu Duan. Despite this, Jiang Shi was still unhappy.
After the death of Duke Wu, the eldest became the monarch, that is, Zheng Zhuanggong. Jiang's temper of pampering the second eldest still did not change. She asked today to seal this place to the second elder, and tomorrow she proposed to seal that place to the second elder, and finally pointed out that she wanted "Jing", and Zhuang Gong, under the pressure of his mother, forced himself to seal the important place of "Jing" to his younger brother. Since then, Gongshu Duan has been renamed "Uncle Jingcheng".
In this way, the territory of the uncle of the capital was so easy to get his hands on, and his ambitions were getting bigger and bigger, and the local officials who secretly called the western and northern borders also listened to his dispatches and accepted his jurisdiction. Later, these places were completely divided into their own territories, and extended all the way to the area of Yanyan (present-day Yanjin County, Xinxiang City).
In the middle of this, many ministers with a sense of justice could not bear to look at it for a long time, and repeatedly advised Zheng Zhuanggong to do it. Zheng Zhuanggong has twice uttered two very incisive sentences: "Many acts of injustice will kill themselves" and "unrighteousness and unkindness will collapse.". Don't worry, the more bad things you do, the more you will kill yourself; the more you do to the country, the more you will not be close to the family, the greater you expand, the faster you will collapse.
It was not until his brother attacked the capital, his mother secretly responded, and the plot was fully exposed, that Zhuang Gong ordered a counterattack, and the result was a victory. Uncle Jingcheng fled to his fiefdom Gongcheng, and Duke Zhuang sent two large armies to besiege him, and The uncle felt that he had no face to see his brother and killed himself.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > zhuang gong dig the ground to see the mother</h1>
His brother is dead, but what about the initiator of this civil unrest, his mother, Jiang Shi? Zheng Zhuanggong, enraged, did not read a little mother-son affection, ordered the exile of his mother Jiang Shi to a very desolate Chengying, and swore: "Not to see each other than Huang quan!" "It means to break off the mother-child relationship and let the mother die!"
Duke Zhuang lived deep in the palace, and suddenly felt desolate. The younger brother divides the territory and plots rebellion, so that he will not lose him, but what about the mother? Oh my mother! I made that desperate vow in front of the courtiers, doesn't this leave the age-old notoriety of "filial piety"? Zhuang Gong regretted it.
A magistrate named Uncle Ying Kao heard about this and took the opportunity to offer tribute to see Duke Zhuang. Zhuang Gong left him to eat, he put the meat aside, said that he would bring it back to his mother to eat, Zhuang Gong was even more touched by his filial piety to his mother's actions, sighing that he had no mother to filial piety, Uncle Ying kao asked the reason,
Zhuang Gong said, "I have made an oath as the monarch of the country, how can I change it?" ”
Uncle Ying kao said, "It's not difficult, dig a tunnel, you meet with the old lady in the tunnel, who can say that you broke your oath?" ”
Zhuang Gong was overjoyed and acted according to the plan.
The tunnel was dug, Zhuang Gong walked into the tunnel, Uncle Ying Kao had already led Jiang Shi to the tunnel to wait, Zhuang Gong saw his mother, quickly fell to the ground, and said, "The child is not filial piety, ask the mother to forgive her sins!" ”
Jiang Clan quickly lifted up his son with both hands and said, "This is the sin of the old body!"
The mother and son hugged their heads and cried, so they ascended the ladder out of the cave, and Zhuang Gong personally helped his mother to ascend to the throne, and he himself took charge of Luan's attendants. When the chinese people saw that the mother and son of zhuang gong returned together, they all raised their foreheads with their hands and called zhuang gong a filial piety.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > gongzi sliding attack</h1>
But that didn't end there. Gongsun Shui, the son of Gongshu Duan, escaped from Gongcheng and went to Weiguo to move his troops to fight Zheng, telling him about his uncle's killing of his brother and mother, and Wei Huan was furious when he heard it: "Zheng Bo is so clueless, help Gongsun to please him!" "Suixing Division Fa Zheng."
When Zheng Zhuang heard that his nephew Gongsun Shui had moved the Weiguo army to invade, he was furious, asked Yu Qunchen, followed the advice of the grand master Gongzi Lü, and wrote a letter to Wei Huan Gong, stating what had happened.
Wei Huan Gong looked at it, ah, it turned out to be so! How can I listen to one side of the story and then help the rebels? So he ordered the troops to be collected, but before the emissaries arrived, Gongsun Shui led the wei army to take advantage of the unpreparedness of Yanyan (present-day Yanjin) and captured the city of Liaoyan.
Zheng Zhuanggong was furious and ordered the doctor Gao Qumi to take a car of two hundred to argue for yan. At this time, the Wei army had withdrawn, and Gongsun was alone and abandoned the city of Yancheng, still defecting to the Wei state. Gao Qumi took advantage of the victory to pursue and reached the wei suburbs. Duke Huan of Wei hurriedly summoned his courtiers and asked for a plan for defending the battle. Following the advice of the doctor Paraffin Wax, he wrote a letter back to Zheng Zhuanggong, saying that he had misheard Gongsun Slip's words, saying that you killed your brother and mother, so that your grandson and nephew had no place to live, so he xingshi, read the book, fang knew the truth, regretted it, and took back the soldiers of Yan Yan on the same day. Willing to tie up Gongsun to make offerings and restore the old good.
Zheng Zhuang Gongyi looked at the letter and said, "Since Wei has served his sins, why should the widow ask for it!" At this time, the mother of the country, Jiang Shi, was afraid that her grandson Gongsun Shui would be killed, and after killing her second son, she begged Duke Zhuang to keep her grandson alive. Duke Zhuang first came to see his mother intercede, and second, considering that Gongsun Shui was isolated and helpless, and could not turn over the big waves, so he wrote a letter back to Duke Wei Huan, promising to withdraw his troops and return to good luck.
Although Gongsun Shui is guilty, if my brother has only one son, let him stay in your country and continue my brother's incense! Thus, the war was completely over. Gongsun Slip eventually "died of old age" in wei, which is the last word.
This is a very famous story in the Zuo Zhuan and even the Chronicle of the States of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty. In the "Zuo Zhuan", called "Zheng Boke Duan Yu Yan", it was not only selected into the "Ancient Literature Guanzhi", but also selected as "Fan Wen" by the university textbook "Ancient Chinese". The "many lines of injustice will kill themselves" in the article have been passed down from generation to generation as "famous sayings" and "aphorisms", and have been selected as "idioms" in the "Chinese Idiom Dictionary".
Why has this article and this matter been paid so much attention by generations of famous artists? Several major issues she revealed have been highly concerned to this day .
<h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > the world, "filial piety" is supreme. </h1>
Zheng Zhuanggong's mother, Jiang Shi, interfered in the affairs of the dynasty by virtue of her personal likes and dislikes, supported and connived at the expansion of her younger son's power, engaged in division and division, and then rebelled and plotted to usurp the throne.
Zheng Zhuanggong was extremely resentful and angry at these acts of his mother and brother, not only calling his mother "Jiang Shi", but also swearing to his mother that "they will not meet huangquan as much as Huang quan". The other two sentences, "Many acts of injustice will kill themselves" and "Unrighteousness and Unkindness Will Collapse", although they are aimed at the younger brother, actually include the mother, because the brother's rebellious behavior has always been carried out with the support of the mother. However, Zheng Zhuang remembered his mother-son relationship and eventually gave forgiveness.
He first placed his mother in Chengying, vowing that he would "not see Huang Quan as well" and "regret it", and soon regretted it again. But as a monarch, I have taken an oath and cannot take it back. Later, under the cross-string of Uncle Ying kao, he dug up the ground to see his mother, and finally served the Jiang family as the mother of the country.
The newly edited Peking Opera "The World Returns to the Heart" introduces the plot content: "By describing the story of Zheng Zhuanggong, a generation of sages in the Spring and Autumn Period who abandoned his previous suspicions and reconciled with his mother, he expressed the filial piety and extraordinary wisdom of the ancient Chinese people who were 'thicker than water'. ”
If a mother is not virtuous and filial, she will be criticized in the people's house, and it will shake the foundation of the country in the emperor's family. Zheng Guo's doctor, Uncle Yingkao, tried his best to persuade Zhuang Gong to change his mind, and even dug nine feet into the ground to lay out the "Yellow Spring", and finally let Zhuang Gong's mother and son meet at the "Yellow Spring" and freeze the previous suspicions. Just as the so-called benevolence and filial piety rule the country, the world returns to the heart.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > does not break the oath and credit is supreme. </h1>
The special nature of this matter is special in "digging the ground to see the mother", why should we use manpower and material resources to dig a tunnel and see the mother in the tunnel?
The purpose is not to break the oath, to act according to the oath, "not to meet huangquan without seeing each other"! Digging a tunnel and digging out the water, I saw the Yellow Spring, so I can also meet my mother! Uncle Yingkao said, "Who can say that you broke your oath?" "Is the spirit and practice of the ancients to keep their promises and promises a thousand gold, make us modern people feel cute and respectable?"
<h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > climate environment, which is crucial. </h1>
Is zheng zhuanggong able to do things according to his oath? Is it okay not to repent? Is it okay to let your mother live in Chengying all the time and not meet your mother until you die? Judging from the situation at that time, it was really not possible, and it was very likely to form "internal worries and external troubles".
You see, the subordinate magistrates took the initiative to come to persuade them, and the son of GongShu Duan moved his troops to Weiguo as soon as he moved, doesn't that all explain this problem? In particular, when Duke Huan of Wei heard that Zheng Zhuang had killed his brother and mother, he was immediately furious, so he immediately sent an order to send troops to fight against the roadless. What a sense of justice! What a firm and clear stand! How unpopular it is to kill a brother and a mother and violate "filial piety"!
In the face of state law and family affection, Zheng Zhuanggong not only disposed of the rebels and maintained the unity of the country, but also fulfilled his "filial piety" and took into account the affection of mother and son, so he was relished by the rulers of successive generations.
This happened right under our feet. The "Gongcheng" where Gongshu Duan was sealed is now Hui County, the tunnel of "digging the ground to see the mother" is in the "Xiaozi Cave" in the south of Meixi Village, Present-day Hui County, "Xiaozi Cave", "Yan Yan" is now Yanjin, the Qing Kangxi Forty-one Years "Yanjin County Chronicle" "Relics" chapter has "Liu Yan Old Ruins", the Ming Dynasty people Yue Ying Yang has a poem "Shamen Four Fortresses Embrace The Fragrant Platform, er Yi once received the "Left Transmission". See say that the old void pile is prolonged and long, who pities the old void pile. ”
Unfortunately, this "Old Heap (Old Ruins)" recorded in the Old County Chronicle has long since disappeared without a trace! At present, the only thing that can confirm that this matter is related to Yanjin is the written records of the two classical masterpieces, the Zuo Zhuan and the Chronicle of the States of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty! As descendants of our hometown, we should understand the history of our hometown, learn from history and culture, inherit and carry forward the glorious traditions, and serve the economic construction of our hometown. (Text:Zhang Faxiang, Vice Chairman of Yanjin Writers Association)