Why is the end of the dynasty why some people call her: with the heart of Yao Shun Zen, praise the beauty of the Zhou Summoning Republic

Why is the end of the dynasty why some people call her: with the heart of Yao Shun Zen, praise the beauty of the Zhou Summoning Republic

Empress Dowager Longyu, of the Yehenara clan, a Manchurian yellow flag bearer, known as Jingfen, nicknamed Xizi, was the daughter of Yehenara Guixiang, the deputy governor of the First Rank Cheng'en Duke, and was a cousin of the Guangxu Emperor. In the fourteenth year of Guangxu (1888 AD), he was hand-picked by Empress Dowager Cixi to marry, and the following year she was made empress, and after the marriage period, she lived in Zhong Pu Palace, one of the six eastern palaces.

On the seventeenth day of the first month (February 22) of the second year of the Republic of China (1913), Empress Longyu died of illness at the Changchun Palace, one of the Six Palaces in the West, at the age of forty-six. Empress Xiaoding Longyu Kuan Hui Shen Zhe Xie Tianbao Shengjing Empress, the government of the Republic of China handled the funeral in the form of a national funeral, and buried the Chongling Tomb (Qingxi Mausoleum in Yi County, Hebei) with the Guangxu Emperor.

In the fourteenth year of Guangxu (1888 AD), Empress Dowager Cixi decided that the Guangxu Wedding Celebration would be scheduled for the twenty-seventh day of the first month (February 26) of the fifteenth year of Guangxu (1889 AD). Just as the harem was busy with the emperor's big wedding, an unexpected thing happened. On December 15, the fourteenth year of Guangxu (1889 AD), in the middle of a cold winter night full of snowflakes, a fire broke out in the Forbidden City, burning the Taihe Gate in front of the Taihe Temple.

After the fire, the Taihe Gate was reduced to rubble. Empress Dowager Cixi made a decisive decision: the wedding ceremony should be held as scheduled, and the empress must pass through the Taihe Gate and re-enter the harem. How to solve the problem of the empress entering the second way to the door, Empress Dowager Cixi once again made a decision that surprised everyone: she actually ordered the Craftsmen to rush to work day and night to build a Taihe Gate Cai Tent in the fire field! In the end, a Taihe Gate was also erected that could fake the truth, so that people who had been walking in the inner court for a long time would be difficult to distinguish between true and false at once.

The twenty-seventh day of the first month of the fifteenth year of Guangxu is the auspicious day when the empress selected by Qin Tianjian enters the palace. At the third hour of noon, it was an auspicious day to welcome the empress, the Guangxu Emperor wore a beaded crown on his head, dressed in a dragon robe, ascended to sit in the Taihe Hall, the civil and military officials knelt three times and prostrated nine times, and the officials of the ceremonial department read the edict of the canonized empress. After the Guangxu Emperor returned to the palace, feng yingzheng and deputy envoys led the ministers to the rear residence to welcome the empress into the palace. At the same time, Jin and Zhen's concubines were also welcomed into the harem by the Shenwu Gate.

After the wedding date, LongYu lived in zhong pu palace, one of the six palaces in the east. However, the Guangxu Emperor only favored Concubine Zhen, and the relationship between him and Longyu was very bad. The reason why Empress Dowager Cixi chose Longyu as the empress of Guangxu was also that she wanted her own nieces to monitor the every move of the Guangxu Emperor, so the Guangxu Emperor was more wary of Longyu. Long Yuzi was not outstanding, and had a soft and cowardly personality, as an empress, she was not favored, nor did she get the favor of Empress Dowager Cixi in the palace, and she did not have much prestige when she met with the princesses of the various orders on weekdays.

In the 26th year of Guangxu (1900 AD), due to the invasion of Beijing by the Eight-Power Alliance, on the eve of the invasion of the Forbidden City by the coalition forces, Empress Longyu fled to Xi'an with Empress Dowager Cixi, the Guangxu Emperor and the rest of the palace dependents. In the twenty-seventh year of Guangxu (1901 AD), the group returned to the Forbidden City again. Although Princess Zhen had been killed by Empress Dowager Cixi before she fled, Empress Longyu remained unpopular.

In the 34th year of Guangxu (1908 AD), the Guangxu Emperor died at the Hanyuan Hall in Yingtai, Nanhai, and was succeeded by Emperor Xuantong on the orders of Empress Dowager Cixi. According to the orders of Emperor Xuantong, the empress was honored as the empress dowager of Longyu, known as "Empress Dowager Qimu", with the upper emblem "Longyu", and was historically known as Empress Dowager Longyu. Emperor Xuantong was only three years old when he ascended the throne, so Empress Dowager Longyu raised Emperor Xuantong. At the same time, Empress Longyu also practiced curtain-raising and obedience, and co-ruled the stormy Qing Dynasty with the regent Zaifeng (Emperor Xuantong's biological father and brother of the Guangxu Emperor).

Longyu is not good at seducing people, so there are not many cronies, since she became the empress, she sometimes has the great politics of the disarmament country, and she knows that in order to keep the throne of the empress, it is necessary to keep Puyi's throne, which must establish her own power, especially with those who hold real power and foreign ministers. Therefore, when Zaifeng Shu Wei Lixin was preparing to build a ruling team, Empress Longyu also had to find ways to recruit some ministers to prevent Zaifeng from having too much power and endangering her position. Empress Dowager Longyu's object of solicitation was Prince Yili of Qing, who, because of the grace of Empress Dowager Cixi, was the last iron hat prince of the Qing Dynasty, who had great power in the court, and helped Yuan Shikai, who started his military training, decided to make a limited boycott of Zaifeng, and on one occasion, Zaifeng proposed to nominate Na Tong as the minister of military aircraft, and asked Empress Longyu, who did not want Empress Longyu but recommended Yuan Shikai's brother Xu Shichang as a military minister. At this moment, Zaifeng was provoked, although he also promised to let the two become military ministers at the same time, but without warning reminded Empress Longyu that only major events in the imperial court could the empress dowager come forward to discuss, and these specific administrative affairs did not have to be bothered. Although Zaifeng did not say it explicitly, Empress Longyu knew in her heart that she was asking her not to overstep her position. After this incident, Empress Longyu, who had no real power, rarely directly intervened in Zaifeng, and could only fulfill her mother's responsibilities to the young emperor, and she was already powerless for this country.

In the third year of Xuan reunification (1911 AD), the Xinhai Revolution broke out. On December 6, Empress Dowager Zaifeng resigned as regent of the Jianguo State at the behest of Empress Dowager Longyu, and Empress Dowager Longyu became the de facto supreme ruler and ultimate responsible person of the qing dynasty that was about to end.

On December 7, Xu Baoyu, then secretary of the Prime Minister's Office, recorded in his diary an hour-long conversation between Empress Longyu and Prime Minister Yuan Shikai in the Yangxin Hall. Empress Dowager Longyu said: "Yu everything cannot be deeply understood, and will be fully entrusted to Yu'er in the future." He also appointed Yuan Shikai as minister plenipotentiary and entrusted Tang Shaoyi as the representative of the parliament, responsible for peace negotiations with the southern provinces.

On December 28, as calls for the Qing Emperor's abdication grew louder and louder across the country, Empress Dowager Longyu summoned prince YiLi and Yuan Shikai, the Prince of Qing, yuan shikai, and other princes and ministers of state to discuss the state of the country. She finally said: "When I saw King Qingwang and others, they all said that they had no idea, and they wanted to ask you, I will hand it all over to you, and if you do a good job, I am naturally grateful, even if I can't do it, I don't complain about you." The emperor is young now, and when he is old in the future, he will not complain about you, it is all my idea. Speaking of this, she cried loudly, and Yuan Shikai and other princes and ministers also cried together. After crying, Empress Longyu further said, "I'm not talking about my family's affairs, as long as the world is safe. "The general policy of the Abdication of the Qing Emperor has been preliminarily determined so far.

Ten days after the promulgation of the edict of abdication, on February 22, the third year of Xuanun (1912 AD), under the title "Sad Words when the Qing Emperor Issued the Abdication", reported that on February 12, the "Edict of abdication of the Qing Emperor" was presented by Yuan Shikai in the Yangxin Hall to Empress Longyu, who had read the unfinished article and was in tears, and then handed it over to the military chancellor Shi Xu and the military advisory minister Xu Shichang for use as a royal treasure. At this time, Prince Gong Puwei, who opposed the abdication of the republic, asked himself to summon him, and Empress Longyu said: "His relatives and nobles have done state affairs so corruptly that they still want to obstruct the republican edict, and they will leave my mother and son where they are!" "At this time, no matter who the nobleman is, he is not allowed to enter, so he uses the imperial treasure to chen the Yellow case." After the Qing Dynasty, he still cried. When the Qing Emperor was in the arms of the Qing Emperor, he also cried when he saw the situation, and Yuan Shikaijun and the ministers of state also cried in the same voice."

After Empress Longyu abdicated the throne, after all, it was difficult to let go of her heart, and she was depressed and depressed, and eventually she contracted the disease. In 1913, on Empress Longyu's "Longshou Day" (birthday), when receiving the imperial congratulations at the imperial palace, she met Liang Shiyao, the special envoy of Yuan Shikai, the president of the Republic of China, and congratulated them with the etiquette of foreign envoys; most of the princes and ministers of the clan were recused and refused to enter the palace, and there were only a few people in the palace, looking back on the past, and they were so sad that they could not afford to be sick. He died on February 22 of the same year at the Changchun Palace at the age of 46. Puyi shangchen was given the title of "Empress Xiaoding Longyu Kuan Hui Shen Zhe Xie Tianbao Shengjing".

Yuan Shikai, who was then the president of the Republic of China, immediately ordered that the flag be lowered at half-mast for three days, and the civil and military officials should wear filial piety for twenty-seven days. The Senate, with the exception of the flag at half-mast, was suspended for one day on 26 February. February 28 is the time of commemoration. Not only that, Yuan Shikai also personally wore a black veil on his arm and raised a mourning sacrifice. At that time, military and political leaders called the surviving Qing Room to express their condolences for the death of Empress Longyu.

Subsequently, at the initiative of Senate President Wu Jinglian, the Chamber of Commerce was used as the preparatory office for the mourning service. All parts of the country have responded to this call, and Changchun, Liaoyang, Fenghuang, Tieling, Yingkou and other places have held meetings to mourn Empress Longyu, and have sent representatives to Beijing to participate in the memorial service. On the second day of the 18th and 19th, a national mourning meeting was solemnly held in the square in front of the Yamato Gate, and as many as 50,000 people attended the meeting. The government of the Republic of China held a national mourning meeting at the Taihe Temple on March 19. Above the spiritual hall hangs a white banner of "Female Middle Yao Shun", and in the middle of the spiritual hall is placed the statue of Longyu, and all the exposed beams and pillars are wrapped in white cloth. The hall is filled with knots and wreaths. Honor guards dressed in Qing-style mourning clothes and modern military uniforms stood left and right in front of the shrine. The mourning assembly also decided that a bronze statue of the Empress Dowager would be erected in recognition of her exploits. According to major newspapers at that time, after the death of Empress Dowager Longyu, the public opinion circles were quite sorry.

The ministers stationed in Beijing also expressed their regret for the death of Empress Longyu, and except for the personal sacrifice at the Taihe Hall, during the mourning meeting, all embassies lowered their flags to half-mast to mourn.

Because the "Chongling Tomb" of the Guangxu Emperor had not yet been completed, Empress Longyu's Zi Palace could only be "respectfully respected for temporary security". When the ceremony was moved, it was led by the honor guard and military band of the Republic of China government, and the traditional Manchu deacons: door, qulu, shadow pavilion, bright palanquin, crank yellow umbrella, eagle, dog, camel, executioner, tent and so on. Ninety-six people were used to "land on the ground full of yellow" "imperial bar" (that is, yellow bar, yellow cover, yellow bar rope, the green lotus leaf hat worn by the bar man with yellow pheasant plume, holding up a yellow white light dial flag, with the words "Gong Feng Temporary An") written on it), all the way to the Qianmen Railway Station (West Railway Station) and transported to the Liang Gezhuang Palace in Yizhou, Hebei Province, for temporary security, waiting for the completion of the Chongling Tomb, and entering the mausoleum with the Guangxu Emperor.

After the funeral of Empress Longyu, in March of the second year of the Republic of China (1912 AD), a special issue of line-bound stone prints, the Chronicle of National Mourning, was published. At the front of the book is a royal shadow of Empress Longyu, accompanied by her edict announcing the abdication of the Qing Emperor. This is followed by twelve photographs of the mourning assembly inside and outside the Taihe Hall. There are also condolence telegrams, banglian, tribute ceremonies, sacrifice texts, mourning lyrics, royal answers, lists of foreign guests, lists of staff, and so on.

After the death of Empress Longyu, the reason why she was mourned and praised by all walks of life is not just a false statement. Rather, it was because in the whole process of the peace talks between the north and the south of the country, although Empress Longyu also had some illusions, she insisted on not using bloody means to deal with the revolutionary party, nor did she play any political means, nor did she engage in any conspiracy to block the abdication of the Qing court, and all she was worried about was the future survival of the imperial family and the safety of the little emperor xuantong.

You can attribute this to her weak character, not causing trouble, not causing trouble, and accepting everything that happens against her will. However, it was precisely because of the kindness of her nature that when dealing with the situation at that time, she was only peaceful and calm, preferring to shed tears until dawn rather than add chaos to the world. This is not something that ordinary people can do, although perhaps even the most effort will be in vain.

Around the world, regime changes are accompanied by bloodshed, whether it is the Glorious Revolution in Britain or the French Revolution, which has left many people homeless and their heads on the ground; this is especially true in China, and it seems that only the Yellow Robe of Chen Qiao of Zhao and Song is an exception. And to judge itself so resolutely as the Qing government is a great progress in Chinese history.

The edict signed by Empress Longyu announced the republic of the five ethnic groups, which not only avoided the separatist behavior of the country that could be caused by the fierce position of the revolutionaries; it also gave the soon-to-be-born Republic of China the status of zhengshuo legal system, did not give other violent advocates a pretext for the position, and maintained the stability of the overall situation. These two points alone have made China's Chinese territory intact, the Chinese nation as always standing tall in the east of the world, and Empress Longyu's contribution is indispensable. As a result, she was also respected by Sun Yat-sen, Huang Xing and others as "Female Yao Shun".

At that time, some famous people praised Empress Longyu: with the heart of Yao Shun Zen, praise the beauty of the Zhou Dynasty, at the end of China's imperial fortunes, and open the foundation of East Asian democracy. Shun Tian ying people, beyond the present Mai ancient. It is said that the independence of the United States, the victims of war or seven or eight years; the revolution in France, the tragedy of the people will be decades, although the people's morale, really suffering. Former Empress Dowager Longyu of the Qing Dynasty, silently judging the trend, deeply appreciating the general trend, seeing the opportunity alone, there is no doubt about the judgment. The edict is written, and the gango is turned into an altar, the five ethnic groups are united as one, the avenue is public, and the disputes are resolved. Gaining can dominate the world, and he will not tolerate the charcoal of the people, so-called can give up the country privately.

(End of this article)