When reading the history of the Communist Party of China, it is always impossible to avoid the topic of the Communist International, because in the early days of the founding of the Communist Party, the Communist International gave great assistance, and later took in the children of many CCP leaders and revolutionary martyrs. These children, known as China's red descendants, broke away from their parents at a young age and lived and studied in the Soviet Union. As for the environment in which they live and study? How did you grow up without the company of your loved ones? What did they go through? What kind of fate are they all? I think many people are very curious, today to nag the story of those Chinese red descendants in the Soviet Union.
About 300 kilometers from Moscow, there is a city called Ivanovo, where as early as 1933 a children's home was built with a three-storey red brick house. The children in this children's home are all descendants of Communist Party leaders from different countries. According to statistics, this children's home once took in children from 85 different countries, of which Chinese children accounted for a relatively large proportion, once accounting for 20% of the students in school.
Ivanovo International Children's Hospital is very mysterious in the eyes of ordinary people, it is a very distant and unfathomable place, as if it is a fairy tale world. Snow covered European-style buildings, and people walked on the carpet-like snow in thick coats, making a rustling sound. Children can frolic uninhibited, play snowball fights, and be full of joy.
Is this really the case? With the collapse of the former Soviet Union, much of the material became public. Especially in recent years, there are often some film and television works about Mao Anying, so that the Ivanovo International Children's Hospital has entered people's sights, and many people have a further understanding of this children's hospital, and they also pay a little more attention to the children who have grown up in the children's home.
The October Revolution in the Soviet Union established the first socialist state, and many countries in the world followed the example of the Soviet Union and worked hard to create their own socialist state. In order to guide the cause of international communism, the Soviet Union established the Communist International Organization and provided long-term assistance to these countries. Among the many projects of assistance is the Ivanovo International Children's Hospital.
Because the international struggle was very fierce at that time, many countries were in the midst of war. The establishment of the Ivanovo International Children's Institute is to relieve the leaders and politicians of the Communists of various countries from worries, and also to set up a quiet and stable living and learning environment for these red descendants, and to cultivate them to become the successors of socialism and the talents who will become the pillars of the country in the future.
Children in the children's home vary in age, from the eldest in their teens to the youngest in just a few months. Depending on the age, children have kindergartens, primary schools, secondary schools and university departments. Moreover, according to different nationalities, children's homes try their best to set up mother tongue courses for these children, but in fact, because of problems such as funding teachers, it is difficult to implement the mother tongue classes.
These red descendants live and study in the Ivanovo International Children's Hospital, some for more than 20 years, and the short ones are more than ten years. For such a long time, it is difficult to calculate the costs from small to large, and all these costs are borne by the Communist International Organization and the Soviet government, without charging any personal fees. The contribution of the former Soviet Union to the cause of international communism deserves the respect and gratitude of the beneficiary countries.
There are about three types of children in China who can live and study in the International Children's Hospital: First, the children of martyrs, such as Cai Hesen and Xiang Jingyu's children Cai Bo and Cai Ni, Luo Yinong's son Luo Beibei, Su Zhaozheng's son Su Heqing, Zhang Tailei's son Zhang Zhiming, Zhao Shiyan's sons Zhao Lingchao and Zhao Shige, Ye Ting's son Ye Zhengming, and so on. The second is the children of leaders, such as Mao Zedong's children Mao Anying, Mao Anqing, and Li Min, Zhu De's daughter Zhu Min, Liu Shaoqi's children Liu Yunbin and Liu Aiqin, Lin Biao's daughter Lin Xiaolin, and Chen Changhao's son Chen Zutao. The third is the CCP's personnel working in the Soviet Union, leaving their children, such as Zhang Wentian's son.
The Ivanovo International Children's Home seems to be a place to live and learn, but to some extent it is actually a shelter. The children here have left their parents from an early age, away from their homeland, away from the war, but also for survival. For these children, the teachers and nursery staff of the children's home have also paid a lot of effort, and the children's healthy growth is the result of their hard work.
During World War II, when Germany attacked the Soviet Union, people's living standards fell sharply, and these children were also doomed, some starved to death, some were plundered by the German army, and some died in enemy fire at a young age. This war left a trauma on every young heart, and until many years later, they still recall this past with a lot of emotion.
After the founding of New China in 1950, most of the Chinese Red descendants at the Ivanovo International Children's Hospital returned to their homeland. The reluctance at the time of parting made the teachers, nurses, and students shed tears of parting. In the most difficult years, the children's home has paid attention to each child's hard work, which is engraved in the hearts of the children. When the train is about to reach Manchuria, the teachers, staff, and students escorting the children hope that time will stop and the train can stop.
In the hearts of these children, Ivanovo International Children's Hospital is their former home, a home they will never forget for a lifetime...
The Mao brothers' years in the children's home
In 1936, Dong Jianwu and Zhang Xueliang mentioned that they would send their children to the Soviet Union and asked Zhang Xueliang for help. At that time, Dong Jianwu did not report much hope, but soon he received a call from Zhang Xueliang. Zhang Xueliang said that his subordinate Li Du wanted to go to the Soviet Union via France and let Dong Jianwu's children go with him. After Dong Jianwu learned of this news, he consulted with the Shanghai underground party in time, and finally, with the help of Song Qingling, Mao Zedong, Yang Kaihui's son Mao Anying and Mao Anqing brothers, and General Li Du and his party of 9 people arrived in Paris in August.
Mao Anying
It is said that many years later, after Zhang Xueliang gained his freedom in life, when he settled in the United States, he learned that he had helped Mao Zedong's two sons get out of danger and live and study in the Soviet Union. After Mao Anying and Mao Anqing arrived in Paris, due to the difficulty of visas to go to the Soviet Union, they were a group of nine people, only the two Mao Anying brothers passed the visa, and Dong Jianwu's children Dong Shouqi and Li Du returned to China a few months later.
After a few months in France, the Mao brothers were brought to Moscow by Kangson in early 1937. They were first transferred to the Monior Second International Children's Hospital and then transferred to the Ivanovo International Children's Hospital, when Mao Anying was 14 years old and Mao Anqing was 13 years old. Later, with the collapse of the Soviet Union, the Russian State Archives published a number of archives, including the archives of Mao Anying, which read: "Father, the leader of the Chinese revolution; Mother, martyr. ”
Among the many children, Mao Anying was older, and with diligence, intelligence and wisdom, he soon became a "little leader" among children. He has successively served as the leader of the juvenile brigade and the secretary of the regiment branch, helping other students in the children's home to progress together. Soon, pregnant He Zizhen went to the Soviet Union for medical treatment, she found Mao Anying and Mao Anqing brothers, under the careful care of He Zizhen, the two brothers quickly integrated into He Zizhen's life, and affectionately called He Zizhen "He Mother".
Mao Anqing
He Zizhen gave birth to a boy in the Soviet Union and unfortunately died prematurely. Accompanied by Mao Anying and Mao Anqing, He Zizhen gradually came out of the haze. When Mao Zedong learned of this news, in order to comfort He Zizhen, he sent Li Min to He Zizhen. The arrival of Li Min has brought a lot of warmth to the family, and the Mao Anying brothers like this well-behaved little sister very much, and the three brothers and sisters come together, and the laughter makes the family full of joy, which is also the most gratifying day for He Zizhen. Later, because He Zizhen was nervous about studying, Li Min was also sent to the children's home.
After the outbreak of the Soviet-German war, there was an extreme shortage of materials, and the standard of living in the children's home fell sharply. He Zizhen sold his clothes for food for the three brothers and sisters. In order to feed her long-bodied children, she earns some pocket money by knitting sweaters every day and night in exchange for a little food, while she herself is always hungry and working. The sensible Mao Anying looked in his eyes and knew very well the hard heart of Mother He.
At this time, Mao Anying had grown up and already understood the principles of revolution. He wrote to Stalin asking him to join the army and go to the front. Because of his special status, he was approved to study in the crash course of the Frunze Military Academy. After Graduating in 1944, Mao Anying asked to go to the front. Stalin was also very concerned about him, and considering his special status, he sent a colonel officer to accompany him to the front line. On the front line, he accompanied the colonel to the front-line troops to take a look, but did not participate in the battle, which also became Mao Anying's lifelong regret.
Mao Zedong and daughter Li Min
After Mao Anying went to the front, Mao Anqing and Li Min remained in the children's home, and He Zizhen continued to take care of the two children. Later, Li Min became ill, and He Zizhen was extremely nervous, afraid that Li Min would die like his son. Desperate to wait for her daughter, she also clashed with the racist dean and was treated unfairly. Since then, Mao Anqing, Li Min, like other children, have never received maternal love and have lived on only a little pitiful potato all day.
After the victory of the Great Patriotic War in the Soviet Union in May 1945, Stalin received Mao Anying and gave Him a gun as a memorial. By October, Mao had fallen ill shortly after returning to Yan'an after the Chongqing negotiations, and Stalin felt it was time for Mao anyone to return to his father. Stalin sent Mao Zedong doctors and sent Mao Anying back to China. Mao Anying secretly returned to China and returned to Mao Zedong, who had been away for a long time.
After liberation, He Zizhen, with the rescue help of Wang Jiaxiang and others, returned to China in 1950 with Mao Anqing and Li Min. Lin Biao waited until the station to welcome He Zizhen's mother and son back to China, but seeing the embarrassed He Zizhen and the two children, the hearts of those present were sour. Lin Biao asked people to improve the lives of He Zizhen's mother and son, which was also a concern for the old Jinggangshan comrades-in-arms. Since then, Mao's children have bid farewell to the Ivanovo International Children's Hospital.
He Zizhen and daughter Li Min
The prototype of Red Cherry
There was once a movie called "Red Cherry", in which the heroine was a little girl who was snatched by the German Nazis and imprisoned in a concentration camp. After 4 years of passing, germany was defeated before she was rescued by the Red Army. Although this is a movie, there are fictional elements in it, the prototype of the protagonist ChuChu is real, she is Zhu De's daughter Zhu Min.
Before the Great Patriotic War, Zhu Min, Mao Zedong's daughter Zhu Min, Luo Yinong's son Luo Beibei, Wang Yifei's son Luo Beibei, and the three of them came to the Soviet Union together. Zhu Min herself was weak, and after not long in the children's hospital, she fell ill. Suffering from lung disease, she was transferred to a sanatorium in the southwest of Moscow, where there were many forests around it, and the air was better, which was conducive to her physical recovery.
Unfortunately, shortly after Zhu Min arrived at the sanatorium, the Soviet-German war broke out, and the German blitzkrieg soon occupied the sanatorium. Zhu Min, who was only 14 years old at this time, became a prisoner of the German Nazis in an instant. Fortunately, Zhu Min was not Jewish, so he was spared from being killed, but zhu Min's young mind left a lingering shadow. At a young age, without the protection of adults, she witnessed firsthand how the German Nazis killed Jewish children.
In the middle is Zhu Min
Zhu Min was held on the Cornishel Peninsula, where she was subjected to a lot of work as a child laborer every day. Even so, she acted witty. At first she was frightened by this sudden change, and when she saw her Jewish companions killed, she was too frightened to speak. Zhu Min gradually realized the danger he was in, so he did not make a sound, and did not reveal his identity as a descendant of the CCP leaders. It was also because of her keeping secrets that she survived.
At this time, more than 20 children from all over the world were detained at the same time as Zhu Min, including Zhang Wentian's son, who was also imprisoned in a prison, but he was not so lucky. One theory is that he was killed in the process of escaping from prison, and the other is that he was rescued but disappeared after being bombed by enemy aircraft. But no matter what the statement was, in the end, Zhang Wentian's son never returned.
In prison, Zhu Min has escaped death several times. Once she had a high fever and was unconscious, a captured Soviet Red Army, feeding her to the care of her, and when she woke up, this Soviet Red Army encouraged her to be strong and to live in order to see her loved ones. It was also under the encouragement of the Soviet Red Army that she became strong, and no matter how difficult it was, she gritted her teeth to overcome it. Another time, the Nazis operated on her for cervical lymph nodes without anesthesia, which was undoubtedly a torture for a child, but Zhu Min survived.
Zhu De and his daughter Zhu Min
Zhu Min and her friends work in prison by putting bullets in boxes, and they hate the Nazis. When everyone learned that the bullets would turn into duds when they were damp, they took advantage of the enemy's lack of attention to spit into the bullet box. Whether it worked or not, they always wanted to use their meager strength to fight the enemy and look forward to the early victory of the Soviet Red Army.
In 1944 the Red Army finally triumphed. In 1945, Dimitrov, the former chairman of the Communist Party's International Executive Committee, began to search for Zhu Min and Zhang Wentian's sons. But at this time, the German prison where Zhu Min was located had been liberated, the Germans had run away, and the location of the prison had become a liberated area of the Soviet Union. Zhu Min left the prison, not knowing where to go, only to go all the way to the east with a few partners. On the way, he was bombarded by enemy troops, and Zhu Min ran away with a fever and his friends. When she woke up, she was already sheltered in a refugee camp.
Since then, Zhu Min has been doing some chores in refugee shelters. It had been almost a year since he came out of prison, and on this day a new leader of the refugee center came, and when he saw Zhu Min's Asian face, he was very curious, and he asked Zhu Min for his identity. But Zhu Min, who already has a sense of self-protection, has always refused to reveal his identity. The leader did not give up, he constantly and repeatedly told Zhu Min the situation at that time, introduced the Soviet Union's Great Patriotic War has ended, And China's War of Resistance Against Japan has also won victory, Zhu Min fell into tears of excitement.
The Judd family
When Zhu Min told the leader of his identity, the leader was taken aback, and he couldn't believe that this was the daughter of Zhu De, the commander-in-chief of the Chinese army. It is a miracle that such an important identity can survive in a German concentration camp. When the leader reported Zhu Min's identity, Dimitrov, who was looking for Zhu Min everywhere, was overjoyed. At this time, Zhu Min knew that the CPSU party organization had been looking for her for almost a year.
After 5 years, when Zhu Min returned to Moscow, she did not speak much, and after a period of recovery, with the help of her classmates, she gradually restored her language function. After that, Zhu Min began to study hard, she wanted to find the lost time, and she also had to serve the motherland. In 1949, new China had been founded, and she did not choose to return to China, but continued to study hard. Later, she was successfully admitted to the Lenin Normal University in Moscow, and did not return to her homeland until she graduated in 1953.
After returning to China, Zhu Min was assigned to Beijing Normal University and became a professor in the Russian language department. In 1995, on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the anti-fascism campaign, The commemorative medal was signed by Russian President Boris Yeltsin, and 18 Chinese people received the medal, zhu Min was one of them. Zhu Min's tenacity and spirit of not being afraid of violence in the Nazi concentration camps have also become a legendary story circulating in Russia.
100-year-old recipient of the Order of July 1st
In 2021, at the conference celebrating the 100th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China, the general secretary awarded medals to 29 recipients of the July 1st Medal. I don't know how many people across the country were touched by this scene, including a 100-year-old man who was born in 1921, the same time as the founding of the party. But this is not what moved her countrymen, and one of the most important factors that make her eye-catching is that she is Qu Duyi, the daughter of Qu Qiubai, the early leader of the Ccp.
In fact, Qu Duyi was not Qu Qiubai's own child. Qu Qiubai's first lover died of illness, and later married the revolutionary Yang Zhihua, Qu Duyi was Yang Zhihua's daughter, qu Qiubai and Yang Zhihua were only three years old when Qu Qiubai married Yang Zhihua. Qu Qiubai is a love house and Wu, and her deep love for Yang Zhihua is also his own, and he also regards Qu Duyi as his own and loves him very much.
In 1928, Qu Qiubai, as the leader of the Communist Party of China, and his wife Yang Zhihua arrived in the Soviet Union for the convening of the Sixth National Congress of the Communist Party of China. In late May, after Yang Zhihua assisted in the work of the secret reception station for the representatives of the "Big Six" in Harbin, he took his daughter Qu Duyi from Harbin to take a Middle East railway train and left for Moscow via Manzhouli. At this time, Qu Qiubai was busy preparing for the congress in Moscow, Soviet Union.
Qu Qiubai family
Because the husband and wife were very busy at work, they sent their daughter Qu Duyi to the Waskino International Children's Hospital, which was formed by the Soviet Red Relief Society, and later transferred to the Ivanovo International Children's Hospital. At this time, Qu Duyi was only 7 years old. Qu Duyi has since begun the life of a children's home, rarely seeing his parents, and this stay is 15 years. When Qu Duyi was 9 years old, that is, in 1930, Qu Qiubai and his wife returned from the Soviet Union to carry out revolutionary struggle in China according to organizational arrangements.
Qu Duyi gets along well with the children in the children's home, and even if he leaves his parents, he will not be too lonely. Her contact with her parents is based on letters, and what makes Qu Duyi happiest is receiving a postcard from her father. Because Qu Qiubai is a talented man, he is not only the leader of the CCP, but his articles, calligraphy and paintings are also first-class. Every time Qu Qiubai painted a pattern in a postcard to Qu Duyi, accompanied by a few words of encouragement, it really made Qu Duyi happy for a few days.
Among the postcards collected by Qu Duyi, there is a postcard of the "Don't Forget Me" bouquet, a bunch of light and elegant don't forget me, under the background of a few green leaves, full of white flower buds, the flowers are very small, but very dense, in the blank space, there are still petals blooming, overflowing with vitality, revealing a light, chic, timeless, flexible interest. This is Qu Qiubai's postcard to his daughter, full of love.
Qu Qiubai
One day in 1935, Qu Duyi and the children of the children's home were visiting a city in Ukraine, and Su Heqing was reading the newspaper in the nearby window, when he suddenly saw the news of Qu Qiubai, and he hurriedly told Qu Duyi. When Qu Duyi walked forward, he saw the "Communist Youth League Pravda", which published the news about Qu Qiubai's sacrifice. Qu Duyi was stunned to see it, and only felt that the heavens and the earth were spinning and standing unsteadily. Su and Qing's classmates rushed to hold her up, and Qu Duyi reacted to the pain of losing his voice, that year, Qu Duyi was only 13 years old.
When Qu Duyi returned to China in 1941 and passed through Xinjiang, he was detained and imprisoned by Sheng Shicai. He returned to Yan'an after being rescued by the organization. Three years later, at the founding ceremony of new China, Qu Duyi, as a Russian broadcaster, also stood on the tower of Tiananmen Square and brought Mao Zedong's speech to the world. Nowadays, Qu Duyi is the only person who has ever been to the scene of the "Sixth National Congress" of the COMMUNIST Party of China.
Conclusion
There is a red exhibition hall in Manchuria with a list of Chinese red descendants. From this list, we can see a lot of familiar names. Most of these red descendants returned to the motherland after the founding of New China and threw themselves into the construction of the motherland. Among them, there are many excellent experts in the field, such as Luo Northwest later became a water conservancy expert in China, and Chen Zutao, the son of Chen Changhao, an early general of the Red Army, became an automotive expert.
In the vast sea of people, these red descendants, like a fragile boat with a leaf, drift in a foreign country. Without the care of their parents, they were blessed with fraternity by the Communist International, the Soviet government and the people, which gave them more warmth to their young hearts and gave them the hope of setting sail. It is unfortunate that they leave their parents, but they are luckier than the children who live in the smoke of war in the country.
They shared the fruits of the victory of the world's first socialist country, received advanced, systematic, scientific and civilized education, and learned excellent skills and profound cultural knowledge. Even during the Great Patriotic War in the Soviet Union, these children suffered from hardships, but with the efforts of all the staff of the children's home, they held up an umbrella to protect the children from the wind and rain.
The year 1998 has a special significance for the descendants of the Chinese Red who grew up in the Soviet Union. This year marks the 65th anniversary of the establishment of Ivanovo International Children's Institute, and on this occasion, many chinese red descendants have returned to their alma mater. In a group of more than 100 people, mao zedong, Liu Shaoqi, Ren Bishi, Li Fuchun, Cai Hesen, Luo Yinong, Zhao Shiyan, Deng Fa, Chen Changhao, Gao Gang, and other former leaders of the CPC Central Committee and the children of revolutionary martyrs, each of them held a high position of power, but they all inherited the fine traditions of their predecessors, and all of them participated in the celebration of their alma mater at their own expense.
Li Min at the school celebration
Some people who are too young and weak to make the trip also express their love for their alma mater through various ways. The grace of dripping water should be repaid by gushing springs, which is the fine character of the Chinese nation. Although the years have passed and the times have passed, it cannot change the deep love of these red descendants for their alma mater.
When they walked into the classroom again, into the cafeteria, into the library, and walked through the path they had walked in their childhood, they saw things and thoughts, and the scenes of learning and life of that year appeared in front of them one after another, both clear and recognizable, and like a dream. Hand in hand, they walked into the entertainment hall of the Ivanovo International Children's Hospital, and everyone couldn't help but sing the popular song of the Great Patriotic War of the Soviet Union: "Hero Xia Boyang stormed in the Ula Mountains, leading his troops to the battlefield like eagles..."
Next to the familiar river, everyone stopped to look at the quiet river, the original appearance has not changed, but when they return to this place, their appearance has changed, they revisit the old land, relive the old dreams, and the grass and trees and the scenery and things are always concerned.