In the early years of the Northern Song Dynasty, the prime minister followed the system of the late Tang Dynasty, taking the Tongping Zhangshi as the phase and the Suffragists as the deputy ministers. During the Reign of Emperor Shenzong of Song, another restructuring was carried out, with Shangshu Zuo Shu And Men ShiLang Xing Shi Zhongshi as the prime minister, and Shangshu Right Servant Shooting and Zhongshu Shilang Xing Zhongshu Lingshi as the deputy prime minister. At this time, the vice-chancellors also included menxia shilang, Zhongshu shilang, and Shangshu left and right cheng. When Emperor Huizong arrived, he once changed the prime minister to Dazai and the deputy minister to Shaozai.
The official uniforms of the Northern Song Dynasty are more special
Next, bring you the eight prime ministers who are more famous and well-known in the Northern Song Dynasty to understand their merits and demerits:
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > Zhao Pu</h1>
Zhao Pu (922-992), a native of Youzhou Jizhou (present-day Jinjizhou), was a famous politician and founding hero of the early Song Dynasty.
Zhao Pu, the prime minister of the Song Dynasty, rose and fell
Although Zhao Pu's surname was Zhao, he was not the same as Zhao Kuangyin, and at first Zhao Kuangyin was a subordinate of Zhao Kuangyin when he was a general in Later Zhou, with a mellow personality and a taciturn personality. In the seventh year of Xiande (960), he and Zhao Kuangyin secretly plotted to launch the Chen Qiao Mutiny, overthrowing the Later Zhou Dynasty and establishing the Northern Song Dynasty, and Zhao Pu was appointed as a counselor and privy councillor. From the second year of Qiande, he began to serve as the prime minister. During this period, he assisted the two emperors Taizu and Taizong in stripping the feudal towns, banning the military generals, implementing more laws, reforming the official system, and formulating many major measures such as guarding the border and defending the Liao.
After Zhao Guangyi ascended the throne as emperor, Zhao Pu continued to be used heavily, and Emperor Taizong came to Zhao Pu's home many times to discuss state affairs with him, and successively was named the Duke of Liang and the Duke of Xu. In his later years, Zhao Pu repeatedly petitioned for the elderly, and Emperor Taizong sent attendants to appease him, and added the title of Taishi and the Duke of Wei to continue to enjoy the treatment of prime minister and let him recuperate at home.
Although Zhao Pu's culture is not high, he likes the Analects, which is known as "half of the Analects governing the world".
In the third year of Chunhua (992), Zhao Pu died of illness at the age of seventy-one. Emperor Taizong of Song wrote a stele of the Imperial Book, which was enfeoffed to the King of Han, given the title of "Loyal Offering", and deserved to enjoy the Temple court of Taizu.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > Lüduan</h1>
Lü Duan (935–1000), a native of present-day Langfang, Hebei, was born into a famous family, and was the son of Lü Qi, a servant of the Later Jin Dynasty, and the younger brother of Lü Yuqing, the shang shu zuo.
Lü Duan film and television materials
After Emperor Taizong ascended the throne, he served as the Right Counselor and Counselor. In the first year of the Dao Dynasty (995), the officials worshiped the prime minister, for the general body of political knowledge, to clean and simple as a matter of business. Emperor Taizong called it "small things are confused, and big things are not confused." Chairman Mao Zedong also commented on Lü Duan, "Zhuge Duan was only cautious in his life, and Lü Duan was not confused about major matters."
In February of the third year of the Dao Dynasty (997), when Emperor Taizong was seriously ill, the eunuch Wang Ji'en secretly conspired with Li Changling, the governor of the government, and Li Jixun, who was in charge of the imperial court, and together with Empress Li of Emperor Taizong, plotted to make Emperor Taizong's eldest son Zhao Yuanzuo emperor in an attempt to stage a coup d'état. Lü Duan tried to foil the conspiracy, and supported the crown prince Yuan Kan to take the throne, with merit plus the right servant shooting.
Compared with Zhuge Kongming, it shows the height of Lü Duan.
In the second year of Xianping (999), Lü Duan was made a prince of Taibao and died the following year at the age of sixty-six. Later, he was posthumously awarded the title of "Zhenghui".
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > Kou Zhun</h1>
Kou Zhun (961–1023), courtesy name Pingzhong, was a politician and poet of the Northern Song Dynasty, known as the "Three Sages of Weinan".
The Northern Song Dynasty name Xiang Kou Zhun
In the fifth year of the Taiping Revival (980), he was praised by Emperor Taizong for his uprightness and outspokenness. At the age of thirty-two, he became a privy councillor and was soon promoted to the post of Governor (equivalent to Deputy Prime Minister). After Emperor Zhenzong ascended the throne, he successively served in the Ministry of Works, the Punishment Department, and the Military Department, and also served as three envoys (the three envoys were in charge of the national Qiangu cashier, balanced financial revenue and expenditure, and became the highest financial officer of the central government). In the first year of Jingde's reign (1004), he was promoted to chancellor. Later, the Liao army invaded and besieged the Hebei regions such as Liaozhou, and the whole country was shocked; the ministers suggested that the capital be moved south, and Kou Dabiao strongly opposed and advocated the conquest of Zhenzong, thus stabilizing the hearts of the army and causing the Song and Liao sides to conclude an "alliance of Liaoyuan". Later, because of his participation in the power struggle of the court, he was ostracized by Ding Zhi and others, and was degraded several times, and finally joined the army as a Leizhou Sihu. In the first year of Tiansheng (1023), he died of illness in Leizhou.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > Fan Zhongyun</h1>
Fan Zhongyan (989-1052), whose ancestral home was Shaanxi, moved to Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, with his mother's remarriage. Outstanding thinker, politician and writer of the Northern Song Dynasty.
Fan Zhongyan's family training "Hundred Zi Ming" classic quotations.
In the eighth year (1015) of Emperor Zhenzong of Song, Fan Zhong flooded the jinshi and the first. He successively served as a county official, a general judge, and a zhizhou, and was repeatedly reprimanded for his fair and outspokenness. In the first year of The reign of Emperor Renzong of Song (1040), he served as a deputy envoy to Shaanxi Jingluo to appease and recruit, and adopted the policy of "Tuntian Jiushou" to consolidate the northwestern border defense. In the third year of the Qing calendar of Emperor Renzong of Song (1043), he served as a suffragan and initiated the "New Deal of Celebrating the Calendar". However, the implementation of the new policy was soon frustrated, and Fan Zhongyan asked himself to leave Beijing and successively served as the governor of Hangzhou and Qingzhou. In the fourth year (1052) of Emperor Renzong of Song, he died on his way to Yingzhou at the age of sixty-four. Later, he was posthumously awarded the title of Taishi (太師), Zhongshu Ling (中書令) and Shangshu Ling (尚書令), and duke of Chu (楚公), with the posthumous title of "Wenzheng".
Portrait of Fan Zhongyan
Fan Zhongyan's political achievements are outstanding, and his literary achievements highlight poems such as "Yueyang Louji" and "The Fisherman on the River" that are still popular among the population; the idea of "worrying before the world, and enjoying the world after the world" advocated by him also has a far-reaching impact on future generations.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > Wang Anshi</h1>
Wang Anshi (1021–1086), a native of Fuzhou, Jiangxi. Famous thinker, politician, writer and reformer of the Northern Song Dynasty.
Wang Anshi: Every person who is calm and self-assured has a heart that has experienced vicissitudes.
In the second year of the Reign of Emperor Renzong of Song (1042), Wang Anshi jinshi and the first, made remarkable achievements in his political achievements when he served as the governor of Zhi County and the General Judge. After Emperor Shenzong of Song ascended the throne, Xi Ning was appointed governor in the second year (1069), and in the following year, the official paid homage to the chancellor and began to preside over the change of law. Due to the opposition of the conservatives, Xi Ning was deposed in the seventh year (1074). After a year, he resumed and retired to Jiangning. In the first year of the reign of Emperor Zhezong of Song (1086), the conservatives gained power and the new laws were abolished, and finally died of depression at Zhongshan, and was posthumously awarded the title of Taifu.
Wang Anshi has outstanding achievements in literature, such as "Wang Linchuan Collection" and "Linchuan Collection", especially the sentence "Spring breeze and the south bank of the Green River, when will the bright moon shine on me", which makes people extremely moved, Wang Anshi is also one of the famous "Eight Greats of the Tang and Song Dynasties".
< h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > Sima Guang</h1>
Sima Guang (1019–1086), a native of Present-day Xia County, Shanxi, was a politician, historian, and writer of the Northern Song Dynasty. In the first year of the reign of Emperor Renzong of Song (1038), jinshi and the first, the second official to the Longtuge Zhi bachelor.
Portrait of Sima Guang
In the song shenzong period, because of his conservative thinking and opposition to Wang Anshi's change of law, he requested to serve as the western capital liusi yushitai, and he retired to Luoyang himself, never paying attention to political affairs, and thus left the imperial court for fifteen years. During this period, he presided over the compilation of the first chronicle of Chinese history, "Zizhi Tongjian", which was highly valued and praised by Emperor Shenzong of Song, and personally wrote the preface to this book.
After The death of Emperor Shenzong, emperor Zhezong, who was only ten years old, ascended the throne and was ruled by his grandmother, empress dowager. Sima Guang was then highly relied upon, and was appointed Shangshu Zuo Servant and Menxia Shilang, and later officially worshipped as prime minister. Sima Guang compared the new law to poison, and wrote to request that immediate measures be taken to abolish it all, and finally he was able to grant his wish.
The story of "Sima Guang smashing the cylinder" has made many people know him when they were children.
Sima Guang died in the first year of the reign of Emperor Zhezong of Song (1086), and after his death he was posthumously awarded the title of Taishi and Duke of Wenguo (文正), with the courtesy name "Wenzheng" (文正), and was worthy of the temple court of Emperor Zhezong.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > Cai Jing</h1>
Cai Jing (1047–1126), Northern Song Dynasty chancellor and calligrapher, was a native of Putian, Fujian. He has served as the prime minister for 17 years four times, and he can be called the first person in ancient and modern times.
Taishi Cai Jing's film and television drama materials
Song Shenzong Xining was born in three years, successively serving as a magistrate, Zhongshu Sheren, LongTuge to be made, right servant and door attendant, and later official to Taishi, known as "Cai Taishi" in film and television dramas, belonging to the representative figures of the Song Dynasty's traitors.
In fact, Cai Jing was not useless, during his tenure in politics: the strength of the social assistance system implemented was rare in ancient history; in terms of culture: Chongning presided over the "Chongning Xingxue" during the Chongning period, which was the first of the three Xingxue movements in the Northern Song Dynasty, which made outstanding contributions to the educational cause at that time; literature: Cai Jing's prose was written very well, and his calligraphy was also quite profound, the Northern Song Dynasty had four major calligraphers of "Su, Huang, Rice, and Cai", and some people think that Cai Jing refers to Cai Jing.
Cai Jing calligraphy tasting
After Emperor Qinzong of Song ascended the throne, Cai Jing was impeached as the "head of the Six Thieves" and later demoted to Lingnan, where he died on the way to present-day Changsha, Hunan.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > Zhang Bangchang</h1>
Zhang Bangchang (1081-1127), whose ancestral home was Nanyang, Henan, was the prime minister at the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, a representative of the Lord and the Sect, and a famous representative of "traitors".
Although the traitorous minister Zhang Bangchang had a negative world, he was also worthy of King Kang Zhao.
Zhang Bangchang was born as a scholar and successively held the positions of Shangshu Right Attendant, Zhongshu Shilang, Shao disaster, Dazai and Menxia Shilang. Zhang Bangchang was a henchman of the powerful minister Wang Yi, and Wang Yi was promoted by Cai Jing to the position of a rocket. In terms of policy toward Jin, the Wang Party is mostly the main peace faction, which is a sharp political confrontation with the main war faction headed by Li Gang.
When jin soldiers besieged Beijing, he advocated peace negotiations, and went to Jinguo as hostages with King Zhao of Kang, requesting indemnities for the cession of land to negotiate peace. After the Jing Kang Disaster, he was made emperor of Dachu by Jin Guoqiang and established pseudo-Chu, which lasted for one month. After the Jin army retreated, Zhang Bangchang abdicated the throne and returned to Zhao Zhao, but was forced to die for treason.
The image of a traitor seeking glory
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > the Northern Song Dynasty as an ill-fated dynasty, Zhao Kuangyin did not achieve great unification at the beginning of its establishment. This also laid the groundwork for the subsequent wars, and there were successively ethnic minority regimes such as the Liao, Western Xia, and Jin that harassed the border and made the people unhappy. In the end, during the "Jingkang Revolution", the two emperors, Huizong and Qinzong, were also plundered to the north, and the humiliated Gou survived for several years and died in another country. </h1>
Things must be reversed, but culture was a stage of development in the Northern Song Dynasty. It inherited the essence of the Tang Dynasty, coupled with the fact that Zhao Kuangyin, the grandfather of the Song Dynasty, had demanded that his descendants never kill the literati, and the status of the literati in the Song Dynasty was also unprecedentedly improved, and the social atmosphere of emphasizing literature over martial arts reached its peak in the Song Dynasty. Therefore, the above-mentioned prime ministers such as Wang Anshi, Fan Zhongyan, Sima Guang, Cai Jing and other highly accomplished prime ministers appeared, which is relatively rare in the dynasties!