There are 204 national first-class museums in China. The cultural relics treasured by these museums have their own characteristics and have their own treasures of the town hall. In the case of the Palace Museum, there are more than 1.8 million cultural relics in the collection, of which 10 are known as the treasures of the town hall.
Today, we will talk about the treasure of the Fa Ti, one of the ten treasures of the Palace Museum, the "Ping Fu Ti" created by Lu Ji, a famous literary scholar and calligrapher in the Western Jin Dynasty.
One
Lu Ji (261–303), courtesy name Shiheng, was a native of Wu County, Wu County (present-day Suzhou, Jiangsu Province), and came from a famous family. His grandfather was the famous grandson Wu Xiang Lu Xun, and his father Lu Kangguan worshiped Sima Da. Lu Ji has achieved extremely high achievements in both literature and calligraphy.
"Ping Fu Ti" is a letter written by Lu Ji to a friend who is ill and difficult to recover. The whole letter has a total of 9 lines and 84 words: "Yan won the miasma first, I am afraid that it will be difficult to calm down." In the past, it was the first illness, and the worry was more than this, but it was already the end of the festival. The man is fortunate to have lost, and he is very worried. When I first came, I couldn't get up. When the west came back, the wei yi was detailed, and the action became a view. From the body of the woe, the thinking of the dream of the long, the persistence of the constant and the king. When Min was slightly fierce, Tang Kou was in turmoil, and he didn't know what to hear. ”
At the beginning of the letter, there are 8 characters of "Yan first wins the miasma, I am afraid that it will be difficult to calm down", so it is named "Ping Fu Ti".
Written with a bald pen on a piece of tooth-colored linen paper, it is a calligraphy work of cursive calligraphy, 23.7 cm in length and 20.6 cm in width, with an area no larger than a palm. Because it is a letter written to a friend, the writing of "Ping Fu Ti" is relatively simple, and it does not follow the rules, so it appears lively and cute, eclectic, and has a high artistic level.
In fact, the classic calligraphy works since the Jin Dynasty and Tang Dynasty, such as "Orchid Pavilion Preface", "Seventeen Posts", "Belly Pain Posts", "Sacrifice Nephew Manuscripts", "Self-Narration Posts", etc., are all completed in daily writing, integrating practicality and artistry. "Ping Fu Ti" is no exception.
Two
In addition to the artistic level, "Ping Fu Ti" also has a high humanistic and historical value.
On the one hand, "Ping Fu Ti" is the earliest surviving celebrity law book in ancient China, which has a history of more than 1,700 years, which is decades earlier than the first line of the world's first book "Orchid Pavilion Preface" that we are familiar with.
On the other hand, the Pingfu Ti is the first circulating Fa Ti inkblot in China. What does this mean? Since its inception, there has been documentary evidence in every step of circulation and transfer, and the circulation process is clear and clear.
After the creation of "PingFu Ti", it was successively collected by the Tang Dynasty minister Yin Hao, the Northern Song Dynasty horse Li Wei, the Song Huizong Zhao Tuo, the Ming Dynasty officials Han Shineng, Han Fengxi father and son, Dong Qichang, the Qing Dynasty collectors Ge Junchang, Wang Ji, Feng Quan, Liang Qingbiao, An Qi, the Qianlong Emperor, the Cheng Prince Yong yao, the Prince Gong Yi Bi, Pu Wei, Pu Ru and others. The 71-square imprints of each dynasty on the volume are like a brief history of the collection.
On the "Pingfu Ti", there is a thin gold inscription of Emperor Huizong of Song, as well as the seals of "Xuanhe" and "Zhenghe". Song Huizong himself was a great artist, creating his original thin gold calligraphy. His inscription and seal added a lot to the "Pingfu Post".
Pu Ru, also known as Pu Xin Qi, is the grandson of Prince Gong Yixuan, who was taught at the age of 6, 9 years old to poetry, 12 years old to be able to write, and was known as a prodigy. When he grew up, he became a professional painter and collector, and once held a painting exhibition, and was once famous, and was publicly promoted as the "first person in the landscape of Beizong".
Three
In 1934, floods occurred in Hubei. Pu Ru, who is enthusiastic about public welfare undertakings, took out a number of rare calligraphy and painting works, including "Ping Fu Ti", and participated in the exhibition of disaster relief calligraphy and paintings. This exhibition attracts many calligraphy and painting lovers and collectors. Among them, there is the famous calligrapher and painter Mr. Zhang Boju. Zhang Boju fell in love with "Ping Fu Ti", and after returning to Beiping, he entrusted a boss of Liuli Factory to buy it from Pu Ru. At that time, although the Puru family was in the western mountains at dusk and no longer had the scenery of the past, the skinny camels were bigger than horses, and there was no shortage of money in their hands, and they offered a sky-high price of 200,000 silver dollars, hoping that the buyer would retreat in frustration.
In the 1930s, the price of buying a courtyard in Beiping was about 100 silver dollars, and the most expensive western-style building was about 500 silver dollars. How many buildings can I buy for 200,000 silver dollars? Zhang Boju is the son of an official eunuch, who has also worked in the financial industry for many years and is also a master of not bad money, but the sky-high price of 00,000 silver dollars still deters him.
In 1938, Pu Ru's mother died, and he urgently needed money to handle the funeral, and sold the "Ping Fu Ti" to Zhang Boju for 40,000 silver dollars. Zhang Boju thus became the last master of the Pingfu Ti.
Four
Zhang Boju regarded the Pingfu Ti as more important than his own life.
In the late spring of 1941, when Zhang Boju was driving into Peifuli Lane on Yalpe Road (now South Shaanxi Road) in the French Concession of Shanghai, he was kidnapped by a group of premeditated armed bandits. After the case was reported by the media, it became a sensation in Shanghai. The bandits proposed to Zhang Boju's wife, Pan Su, to ask for 200 gold bars, otherwise they would tear up the ticket.
When Pan Su went to visit Zhang Boju, Zhang Boju knew that the bandits were rushing to the "Ping Fu Ti", so he quietly said to Pan Su: ""Ping Fu Ti" and other calligraphy and paintings, this is my life, it does not matter if I die, this calligraphy and painting must stay." If you sell your calligraphy and paintings for money to redeem me, I will never go out. ”
At the insistence of Zhang Boju and Pan Su, the bandits reluctantly reduced the ransom to 20 gold bars. Pan Su sold part of the family's land, stocks, and his own gold and silver jewelry, which made up enough gold bars to redeem Zhang Boju.
In Zhang Boju's home, in addition to the "Pingfu Post", there are also Sui Zhan Ziqian's "You Chun Tu", Tang Libai's "Shangtai Post", Tang Dumu's "Zhang Haohao Poetry Scroll", Song Huang Tingjian's "Theravada Poster", Zhao Tuo's "Xuejiang Guitong Picture Scroll", Yuan Qianxuan's "Mountain Residence Picture Scroll" and other famous works. These were all bought by him.
Mr. Qi Gong, a famous calligrapher, once praised Zhang Boju as "the first person in the world's folk collection". Zhang Boju said: "Those who do not know, said that I searched for Tang and Song fine products, and did not hesitate to spend thousands of dollars, and I was bold and courageous." In fact, I have worked hard and cannot be satisfactory. Because gold is easy to obtain, the national treasure is unique. I buy them not to sell them for money, but to be afraid that they will flow into foreign countries. ”
No one expected that after the founding of New China, in 1956, Zhang Boju actually gave 8 valuable authentic ink treasures, including "Ping Fu Ti", to the state free of charge, which became a good story in the collection industry. Minister of Culture Shen Yanbing (Mao Dun) personally issued a commendation certificate: "Mr. Zhang Boju and Mr. Pan Su donated a total of 8 precious legal books and other precious legal books of Jin Luji's "PingFu Ti" to the state, turning private into public, full of funds and style, and specially praised." ”
Later, the "Ping Fu Ti" was collected by the Palace Museum as the treasure of the town hall.