Didn't win Zhang Lingfu, Premier Zhou is responsible? How should the widow Wang Yuling evaluate?
Early this morning, I read an article read by my friend @ Wen, "In 1973, Zhang Lingfu's widow secretly returned to China, Zhou Enlai: Failed to win Zhang Lingfu, I have a responsibility", a thousand-word long article, introducing Zhang Lingfu's emotional life, and also introducing some behaviors after the widow Wang Yuling returned to the mainland, which is a good article to understand Zhang Lingfu and Wang Yuling.
However, in the process of reading, I always feel that something is wrong, and today we will talk about it.
As far as the temperature is concerned, we have a lot of private contacts, have known each other for three years, never made a fuss, and today we simply talk about things.
First of all, let's talk about what Premier Zhou really means by this sentence.
Wang Yuling returned to China in 1973 to meet Premier Zhou, and many historical sources show that Premier Zhou did say that sentence: "Zhang Lingfu is a Huangpu student, I am a Huangpu teacher, I did not win him over, the mistake is mine." ”
However, if you put aside a certain historical background and directly understand this sentence, it is inevitable that there will be deviations.
Premier Zhou is a Huangpu teacher and Zhang Lingfu is a Huangpu student, and these two sentences are the truth. But I think it's more of a cliché, a kind of United Front rhetoric. In the language of our common people, this is a polite saying, and it cannot be taken as a historical conclusion!
There is no doubt that Premier Zhou is a diplomat and united front expert who speaks a lot of language arts. Chatting with a friend a few days ago, this friend spoke amazingly, saying that our current diplomatic group, like Premier Zhou at that time, has defended national sovereignty and interests while speaking wittily.
I said, is it a bit demeaning to Premier Zhou to say this?
In fact, Premier Zhou is very professional in handling government affairs, receiving foreign guests, and engaging in united front intelligence, and has a height of thought and work art that is difficult for ordinary people to reach. This is not only recognized Chinese, but many foreigners are also deeply infected by Premier Zhou and have become his iron fans.
Let's see what premier Zhou means when he says this.
Zhang Lingfu is a Huangpu student, and Premier Zhou is a Huangpu teacher, but Zhang Lingfu must know Premier Zhou? Must Premier Zhou know Zhang Lingfu?
In fact, during Zhang Lingfu's studies at the Whampoa Military Academy, he was almost obscure and transparent.
In some articles and novels about Zhang Lingfu, Zhang Lingfu is given god-like expectations, in fact, many of the plots here, like grass boats borrowing arrows to ride alone, are fictional plots. Some people say that Zhang Lingfu graduated from Peking University, but some people really went to find the student file directory of Peking University, and finally turned over the records for ten years, and did not find Zhang Lingfu's name.
Zhang Lingfu was killed in the Battle of Menglianggu, which was the most important highlight of Zhang Lingfu's life, no less than winning the Blue Sky and White Sun Medal. By the way, before his death, Zhang Lingfu was never said to be a "famous anti-Japanese general", but after the defeat of the Nationalist army in Taiwan, Zhang Lingfu gradually became a famous anti-Japanese general appointed by the Kuomintang. Why?
In the War of Resistance Against Japan, the Kuomintang held 22 battles, almost 22 large-scale head-giving operations, and most of the military struggles were constrained by the commanders at all levels, and there were simply many loopholes in the organization, action, and reporting. But even so, there are still a series of names engraved on the monuments of history, senior generals such as Zhang Zizhong and Li Zongren, middle-level generals such as Wang Yaowu and Du Yuming, and junior generals such as Sun Liren and Xie Jinyuan. But none of these people can advertise it! Zhang Zizhong, Li Zongren, Sun Liren, and others were not of the same lineage, and were not from Huangpu, Wang Yaowu, Du Yuming, and others, but they were taken prisoner and pardoned because of the Liberation War, and they also wrote many memoirs exposing the unbearable face of the Nationalist army, and in the end, only Zhang Lingfu, the first ace division commander to be killed in the Liberation War, was suitable to become a "famous anti-Japanese general."
In real history, Zhang Lingfu's anti-Japanese exploits were even inferior to his old rival Li Tianxia. After all, in the highlight moment of the 74th Army, the Battle of Shanggao, Li Tianxia's 51st Division received the first "Army, Navy and Air Force Martial Arts Certificate", and The Yu Chengwan 57th Division received the second "Army, Navy and Air Force Martial Arts Certificate". At that time, Zhang Lingfu served as the deputy commander of the 58th Division, and his origin was unknown.
Before Zhang Lingfu died in battle in 1947, his strongest record was two battles. These two major wars caused heavy losses to the People's Liberation Army, but Zhang Lingfu's 74th Division also consumed a lot. Many officers and men of the 74th Division, because Zhang Lingfu blindly demanded a strong attack and rushed, gradually lost their vigor after heavy losses, so that when there were still more than 7,000 people in the Battle of Menglianggu, they ended the battle. At this time, it was less than 3 days before Huaye launched a general attack.
Wang Yuling and Zhang Daoyu
Compared with the state of resolute resistance of Huang Baitao's corps in the Battle of Eastern Henan and the Battle of Huaihai, Zhang Lingfu used the strength of the Ace Army of the Concubine Clan to play the record of the Miscellaneous Card Army. Huang Baitao's corps was surrounded on November 11 in the Battle of Huaihai, and resisted stubbornly until November 22. In the Battle of Eastern Henan, Huang Baitao actually took advantage of Huaye's lack of troops to escape!
People deserve to die, and goods should be thrown away. Zhang Lingfu's military level, compared with Li Tianxia and Huang Baitao, is not a star and a half, let alone comparable to Wang Yaowu, Sun Liren and others.
Zhang Lingfu's level on the battlefield was ordinary, and his performance at the Whampoa Military Academy did not stir up a ripple.
Even the biography of Zhang Lingfu, which most boasts, does not fabricate an anecdotal secrets between Zhang Lingfu and a famous general's classmate, let alone how good Zhang Lingfu's grades are. Zhang Lingfu was at the Whampoa Military Academy and could only be evaluated by four words: obscurity. The huangpu four phase of famous generals, Lin Biao, Liu Zhidan, Hu Lian are all temporary choices, but Zhang Lingfu, it seems too low-key.
If Zhang Lingfu really has an advantage, he does have one. That is, to die once, and never to be afraid of death again.
That's right, I'm talking about the wife murder case.
Zhang Lingfu married four times in his life.
The first wife was the one who was the one who took the parents. The original wife, Xing Fengying, was married by Zhang Lingfu when he was still in middle school. But Zhang Lingfu hated her for looking ugly, and did not establish any feelings with her from the beginning. Many years later, Zhang Lingfu ran to Guangzhou to study at the Whampoa Military Academy, and finally got rid of this yellow-faced woman.
Many people talk about the marriage of Zhang Lingfu and Xing Fengying, always emphasizing that the two are arranged marriages and have no emotional basis, but these people are crazy to complain about Guo Moruo's abandonment of his wife, which is obviously unfair. There are many Huangpu practitioners who abandon their wives to receive new joys, and it is not bad than Zhang Lingfu, such as Hu Lian. Hu Lian's wife, Wu Xiuwa, sold her dowry and her mother's land for him to study in Huangpu, but as soon as Hu Lian became an official, she married the sister of the chief and became Chen Shimei.
Of course, Hu Lian's foil did not make Zhang Lingfu more noble. When Xing Fengying entered the Zhang family, she basically served as a free nanny, a strong filial piety for Zhang Lingfu's parents, and according to the instructions of her in-laws, waiting for Zhang Lingfu to change her mind. It was not until Zhang Lingfu knew that he might be sentenced to death that he went home for a few days, and Xing Fengying had the opportunity to get pregnant and give birth to a child.
However, Xing Fengying and her child Zhang Juli also suffered a lot in the fifties and sixties, after all, Zhang Lingfu's chaos and abandonment made it impossible for them to draw a clear line with him.
Zhang Lingfu's second wife, Wu Hailan, was even more miserable and was shot directly.
Wu Hailan's death, there is nothing special, the storyline is very simple, the couple quarreled, the woman was more rigid, the man quarreled, directly pulled out a pistol and killed each other. There are rumors that Wu Hailan is suspected of cheating by talking and laughing with others, which further confirms Zhang Lingfu's reputation as "narrow-minded".
In essence, Zhang Lingfu's ability to do such a thing as killing his wife shows that this person has major flaws in his personality, the first is violent temper, and the second is to kill people. In fact, these two defects indirectly contributed to the fate of his continuous loss of troops after he took control of the 74th Division.
Some people say that Zhang Lingfu killed his wife because Wu Hailan stole his military documents, and Zhang Lingfu suspected that she was a co-spy, so he killed the killer. This statement clearly does not stand up to scrutiny. If Zhang Lingfu suspected that Wu Hailan was a co-spy, he could directly hand her over to Dai Kasa for a good investigation, and maybe he could also attract the attention of his superiors to promote her. At that time, in the Nanjing Military Tribunal, Zhang Lingfu did not raise a corresponding defense. The Kuomintang and the Communists have been fighting intelligence wars for decades, and the most worrying thing is that they cannot catch the communist spies or set up intelligence, and there is really no one like Zhang Lingfu who was killed directly with one shot.
Wu Hailan is not a spy, and it can be proved from another angle: Wu Hailan's brother, after learning of his sister's death, went around complaining, which made a lot of noise in Xi'an City, initially alarmed Zhang Xueliang, and later through Yu Fengzhi to Sue Song Meiling. But as long as Wu Hailan had the slightest suspicion of pro-communistism, his brother did not dare to file a complaint everywhere like this!
Taking ten thousand steps back, even if Wu Hailan is a co-spy, Zhang Lingfu's set of intelligence cannot kill her, which can only prove that Zhang Lingfu is a suspicious person, an irrational person, and a cruel and murderous person.
When the War of Resistance broke out in full swing, Zhang Lingfu was able to be acquitted and become a backup regiment commander of Wang Yaowu's 51st Division. The Kuomintang's employment system can be said to be rotten to the point of home.
Since you are an officer, you cannot be single. Zhang Lingfu immediately found the daughter of a large family in Xi'an to marry, this woman was named Gao Yanyu.
Gao Yanyu was once the head of the former Qing Dynasty, the official worshiped Hanlin, and the Gao family compound was the best and most generous courtyard building in the north courtyard of Xi'an at that time, and there was also his own stage in the courtyard. However, these so-called scholars have long since declined, and their daughters can only be concubines for national army officers in order to obtain a protective umbrella. At first, the Gao family took a fancy to Hu Lian, but as soon as they saw the photo, they immediately pushed away Hu Lian and chose Zhang Lingfu.
Gao Yanyu, like Wu Hailan and Zhang Lingfu, is also violent. Of course, Gao Yanyu married Zhang Lingfu at the age of 17, and then gave birth to a son and a daughter, but because he would not take care of the children, the two children were not saved. Gao Yanyu has died two children, although she is still a 20-year-old young woman, but because of the opium infected with Zhang Lingfu abandoned, and eventually the two separated.
Gao Yanyu is a very resentful and irrational person. After the divorce, she not only did not kneel to thank Zhang Lingfu for not killing, but instead found Zhang Lingfu's bride Wang Yuling and told him about the bad deeds in his married life, and did not think about it, although Wang Yuling was a few years younger, he was more rigid than him - that was all before, what else to do for him?
As Zhang Lingfu's fourth wife, Wang Yuling actually lived with him for only 2 years. At that time, Wang Yuling was only 17 years old, and there was a tradition in his family to find officers in the Nationalist Army, so naturally he could not withstand Zhang Lingfu's marriage proposal and agreed to it in one bite. Wang Yuling's aunt married Sun Liren, another famous general of the National Army, and it was logical for Wang Yuling to marry Zhang Lingfu again.
It is worth noting that Wang Yuling's family lineage is very unusual. Wang Yuning's father, Wang Shunan, was a baoding sixth-term graduate, and was a classmate of Gu Zhu and Yu Hanmou, but unfortunately Wang Shunan died at the age of 5. Wang Yuling's uncle Wang Shijian graduated from Baoding I and was appointed by He Jian as the director of the Tobacco and Soil Inspectorate, very powerful and very rich.
Wang Yuling was born into such a rich family, why did he marry Zhang Lingfu? This is because, when the War of Resistance was won, the richer the more they needed the protection of the Nationalist army. There were no one or two officers in the family, and there were no one or two Jiang Jun's concubines, and they would soon be identified as traitors and confiscated their family property. This combination of money and power is the norm in the Kuomintang.
Therefore, when Gao Yanyu went to Wang Yuling to give advice, he was bound to be reprimanded by Wang Yuling. Although Zhang Lingfu has a bad record of killing his wife, he is still a fragrant food in the marriage market.
Then again, Zhang Lingfu's criteria for choosing a wife have never changed!
When Zhang Lingfu married Wu Hailan, Wu Hailan was 17 years old, and when Wu Hailan was 19 years old, she was shot by Zhang Lingfu.
When Zhang Lingfu married Gao Yanyu, Gao Yanyu was 17 years old, and four or five years later, Gao Yanyu left.
When Zhang Lingfu remarried Wang Yuling, Wang Yuling was 17 years old, and 2 years later, Zhang Lingfu was crushed on Meng Lianggu.
From his 20s to his 40s, Zhang Lingfu always liked the 17-year-old.
Judging from the memories of many of Zhang Lingfu's colleagues, Zhang Lingfu is actually a rhinoceros who is fierce and flying, and has the courage to constantly charge. From this point of view, Zhang Lingfu is not at all like the 74th Army, Wang Yaowu and Li Tianxia are resourceful, Yu Cheng Wan Gang is not a good one, only Zhang Lingfu, blindly rushing and beating.
Probably dissatisfied with his reputation as "Fierce Zhang Fei", Zhang Lingfu especially liked to be vassal and elegant, practicing calligraphy and collecting some antique calligraphy and paintings when he was idle. According to Wu Yi, director of the Personnel Department of the 74th Army, he recalled:
"It is okay for him to be an officer of a battalion or regiment, but it is difficult for him to be a commander of an army or division; he is usually not pragmatic, he is good at vassalship and elegance, he likes to ride horses, practice calligraphy, buy antique calligraphy and paintings, hang portraits of Genghis Khan, Napoleon, and others in the room, as if he were a Confucian general, but at a critical juncture in battle, he could not come up with a way, and sometimes he only knew how to rush, and fully displayed the appearance of a warrior."
As circumstantial evidence, Zhang Lingfu's classmate Dong Qiwu at the Army University commented:
"In training at Lu University, the generals of the general class can bring one staff officer each according to the regulations, but Zhang Lingfu in our class took two staff officers to school. He attended only one class a day, and the rest of the classes were given to the staff officers to do for him. He spent seven million yuan to buy a Western-style mansion on the outskirts of Chongqing, where he took care of himself every day, eating, drinking and gambling. One Sunday, he invited me to his place. When I arrived, it was magnificent and dazzling, almost like a royal palace. It's a dance hall again, it's a restaurant again, and I'm dazzled by it. I, the general who was on the front line outside Saiwai, ate potatoes and slept on the soil kang really couldn't sit still, and I was busy pretending to my master that something had happened. How can such a general resist Japan and how can he not lose the hearts and minds of the people and the army? How can such a government not attract national difficulties, and how can it not destroy the country? ”
In terms of leading troops, Zhang Lingfu even used killing as the main means, and Zhou Gengsheng's "Before and After the First Supplementary Brigade of the Kuomintang" wrote:
"When he was a division commander (I should refer to Zhang later when he was the commander of the 58th Division), he once said to his regimental commander Liu Guangyu: 'Tomorrow memorial week, how many officers and men in your regiment (his usual term is how many officers and men are going to be shot)?'" Colonel Liu said, "I don't have one in my regiment." Zhang Lingfu said, "There is always no one in your regiment." Be sure to find a few for me tomorrow. Liu also said: 'Only take me and shoot me.' ’”
Before Zhang Lingfu was born, Wang Yuling could also enter Song Meiling's circle of friends, which can be said to be very beautiful. But when Zhang Lingfu died, Wang Yuling's treatment was getting lower and lower. After all, zhang Lingfu can create value, and only that tablet is left.
As a result, Wang Yuling did not get enough pension from Chiang Kai-shek, and also needed to raise Zhang Daoyu, who had never seen his father, and eventually had to run to the United States to work and study.
Wang Yuling got rid of Chiang Kai-shek's control and went to the United States to pursue freedom, and from this point of view, this woman has indeed grown. At least, he was not as foolish as Zhang Lingfu.
In 1973, when Chiang Kai-shek was still alive, Wang Yuling broke through many obstacles, returned to the mainland, and met Premier Zhou. Wang Yuling was transformed from Zhang Lingfu's widow to a volunteer who promoted the peaceful reunification of the motherland, so he was loved by the majority of the people.
Premier Zhou said, "I am responsible for not winning Zhang Lingfu." In fact, it is not close to Zhang Lingfu, this is a recognition of Wang Yuling's deep righteousness.
Wang Yuling returned to the mainland and, together with Song Xilian and other leaders of the Huangpu River, called for the peaceful reunification of the two sides of the strait and promoted the three links between the two sides of the strait.
But for Zhang Lingfu, the gunshots on May 16, 1947, have long been the best evaluation.
Wang Yuling, the hero who promoted cross-strait relations to break the ice, should be positively evaluated, but for Zhang Daoyu, I am afraid that this is not necessarily the case.
Zhang Daoyu is now a well-known Taiwan businessman, relying on the aura of "Zhang Lingfu's son" to do business everywhere. This is all understandable, but deliberately whitewashing Zhang Lingfu is somewhat disgraceful.
In the Liberated Areas of Shandong, Zhang Lingfu resolutely carried out Chiang Kai-shek's order that "everyone must change seeds, and the stones must be slashed three times." The return group wantonly slaughtered communists and revolutionary masses, and had a bloody vendetta against the people of Shandong. In the process of attacking the Yimeng Mountains, when the 74th Division entered Zhangguan Village, they found several pairs of insoles embroidered with red five-star insoles, and shot all 9 women who made insoles. When Meng Lianggu was surrounded by the People's Liberation Army, the 74th Division burned down many nearby villages and shot and killed all the villagers who could not escape. In particular, in order to solve the difficulties of grain, Zhang Lingfu ordered "local supplies" in the liberated areas, that is, to let the troops loot the people's grain and shoot all the people who dared to resist. The enemy officers captured by the People's Liberation Army in the Battle of Menglianggu were former Japanese officerSagatten and Matsushita Kazukazu.
Therefore, the red character "Where Zhang Lingfu was killed" on Meng Lianggu is Zhang Lingfu's final evaluation.
However, under the activities of Zhang Daoyu and others, although Meng Lianggu's red characters were not erased, more and more people talked about not the great achievements of the people of Shandong in supporting Huaye in annihilating Zhang Lingfu, but a vigorous praise for Zhang Lingfu as a famous anti-Japanese general. Even, in Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, he even spent a huge amount of money to build the "Former Residence of Zhang Lingfu", and Zhang Lingfu could even become a positive figure?
All in all, When Premier Zhou talked about the regret of "not winning zhang Lingfu," he actually hoped that Wang Yuling would make more contributions to the peaceful reunification of the two sides of the strait, and had little to do with Zhang Lingfu. Zhang Lingfu himself, whether it is personal morality or military ability, is the next choice, and he is completely worthy of the name of "famous general".