Weak in battle, defending the city;
Poor defense of the city, street fighting;
Weak street battles, short-circuits;
Short-circuiting is not effective, suicide.
- Shi Kefa
Shi Kefa
Shi Kefa (16 December 1602 – 20 May 1645), a native of Kaifeng, Henan, was a scholar in the seventh year of the Apocalypse (1627), and was appointed as a jinshi in the first year of Chongzhen (1628). In July of the sixteenth year of Chongzhen (1643), Shi Kefa paid homage to the Shangshu of the Nanjing Bingbu.
In March of the seventeenth year of Chongzhen (1644), Li Zicheng attacked Beijing, and Shi Kefa swore an oath to the king of Qin. After crossing the river to Pukou, he received the news that the Chongzhen Emperor had hanged himself and died, and Shi Kefa "wept in the north, touching the pillar with his head, and the blood flowed to his heel."
On the first day of May, Shi Kefa, who had originally intended to make Zhu Changshu the King of Lu, had no choice but to resign, and Zhu Yousong, the Prince of Lifu, took the throne in Nanjing, changed his name to Yuan Hongguang, and Ma Shiying became the first assistant minister.
Dolgun
In 1645, after the Qing army defeated the Dashun army and occupied Shaanxi, Dolgun ordered the main force to go south and concentrate its forces to take Jiangnan. The Wishful Thinking of the Hongguang Imperial Court to "borrow from Pingkou" was realized, but this was a fire that ignited the fire and soon ate the bitter fruit.
In April, the Qing army divided into three routes, and on the fifth day of April, it went south from GuideFu (present-day Shangqiu), along the way, the prefectures and counties looked at the wind, and crossed the Huai River on the evening of the thirteenth.
At this time, Shi Kefa panicked, and on April 11, after learning that the Xuyi defenders had surrendered, he "braved the rain and dragged mud to Yangzhou one day and one night." On the seventeenth day, the Qing army advanced to the camp twenty miles from Yangzhou, and the next day, the soldiers approached the city. At this time, the various reinforcements mobilized by Shi Kefa had basically been cleared.
Due to the height of the city walls, the Qing army's siege cannons had not yet arrived, and Duoduo sent people to surrender Shi Kefa, but was refused. On the twenty-first day, Li Qifeng, the commander-in-chief of Gansu, and Gao Qifeng, the overseer of the army, led 4,000 soldiers and horses into the city to abduct Shi Kefa and surrendered, and Shi Kefa said: "This is where I die, what is the public and so on, if you want to be rich, please go your own way." The two then colluded with the Sichuan generals Hu Shangyou and Han Shangliang in the city to go out and qing. Skofa did not stop it.
Dodo
When the Qing army first arrived at the city, the general Liu Zhaoji suggested that the enemy should take advantage of the unstable footing and go out of the city to fight, Shi Kefa said: "The sharp qi should not be tried lightly, and the whole front should be cultivated to wait for his death." ”
On the night of the twenty-fourth day, the Qing army used red-clad artillery to collapse the city wall, and on the twenty-fifth day, Yangzhou fell, Liu Zhaoji was killed in battle, and Shi Kefa killed himself, and was killed after being arrested.
Shi Kefa vowed not to surrender, and the national integrity should be fully affirmed. However, throughout Shi Kefa's life, chongzhen did not have many commendable achievements during the Chongzhen period; during the Hongguang period, he made a fatal mistake in establishing a new monarch; he spent a lot of people and property in running Jiangbei for a year but did nothing; the Qing army went south, and most of his generals surrendered. It can be seen that its ability is limited.
In the Battle of Yangzhou, the Qing army arrived at the city on the eighteenth, but he said: "So far, it has not been attacked, but the people's hearts have gone, and they cannot be cleaned up." Before the siege, he had "consciously felt ashamed" and handed over military affairs to his staff. The Qing army attacked the city on the 24th, and less than a day Later, Yangzhou was lost, which showed that it was improperly handled.
Shi Kefa was a member of the society, but almost all of the political, economic, and military decisions were made, which really made future generations of history readers sigh.
Ten days in Yangzhou
After the capture of Yangzhou, Duo Duo ordered the slaughter of the city on the grounds that he did not listen to the surrender. Almost all the residents of Yangzhou were killed, except for a few who escaped and went into hiding before the city was destroyed. From April 25 to the second day of May, "the number of those who were burned in the book was about 800,000 before and after." ”
Later, when Hong Chengzu was sent by the Qing court to Nanjing to recruit Jiangnan University scholars, someone wrote a couplet in Wulongtan, embedding the names of Shi Kefa and Hong Chengzuo:
The annals of history, although the slaves were not destroyed;
Hong En is mighty, failing to repay the country and becoming a revenge!