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Author of the xushu
Putin is known for being tough, tough, tough, and if he also has people to admire, who would it be?
He himself said that this man was Peter the Great.
Putin is a fan of Peter the Great
Portrait of Peter I in Putin's office
Before Peter the Great's reforms, the European powers were dismissive of Russia, and even the incumbent tsar was not clear to anyone (a minister of King Louis XIV of France sent a letter to the Russian Tsar, but the recipient was not Peter the Great, but the old Tsar who had been in the West for 12 years); after Peter the Great's reform, he defeated the military power Sweden, which impressed the European countries. Peter the Great is not only the pride of Russia, but also famous all over the world.
Peter the Great was so highly praised by so many people that the voices of objectivity and impartiality were drowned out. According to the Russian historian Anliukov, Peter the Great was at best a mediocre doer rather than a far-sighted reformer, and that "Russia traded the bankruptcy of the state for its position among the European powers."
In the impression of many people, Peter the Great was mainly due to the defeat of Sweden to expand nearly 1 million square kilometers of land and build a European-style St. Petersburg, but russia was almost stagnant politically and economically. Leaving a good impression on Peter the Great is largely the result of "one handsome covering a hundred ugly".
To fight a war is to fight money, and everyone knows this truth. However, do not think that modern warfare is like this, in fact, it is true of any era of war. Peter the Great was well aware of this and once famously said, "Money is the lifeblood of war." ”
Peter the Great expanded year after year, and military spending usually accounted for more than 80% of the total state expenditure, and in the fifth year of the war with Sweden, it was an unprecedented 95%. During the reign of Peter the Great in Russia, there was only 2 years without war. Therefore, it is not an exaggeration to say that Peter the Great was exhausted.
So, where does this much military spending come from? Two words – "heavy tax". Peter the Great changed the household tax to the poll tax, which used to be paid by the whole family, but now everyone in the family (men) has to pay taxes, and the national treasury tax has suddenly increased by 3 times. In 1718, there were about 5.4 million men paying taxes in Russia, and each person "plucked a dime", and there were not many. So Russia can afford a long war, while Sweden can't.
In addition to the illusory pride brought about by territorial expansion, the Russians living in the time of Peter the Great were suffering from real life. Look at what the Russians have to pay taxes to understand their suffering: beekeeping, buying cucumbers, installing windows, building chimneys, buying coffins, bathing, sharpening knives... The total amount of state taxes, which in 1680 was only more than 1,463,000 rubles, increased nearly sixfold by 1724 to more than 8,526,000 rubles before the death of Peter the Great.
After the military reforms of Peter the Great, Russia was indeed much stronger, but it could not be said to be a first-class power. Still, Peter the Great was confident: "I cannot build and see a strong Russia with my own hands, but my successor will certainly follow this path until the goal is achieved." Some people believe that China's Kang Yongqian's prosperity is "the afterglow of the setting sun", and the rise of Peter the Great is "the dawn before the rising sun".
Statue of Peter I
Are you sure?
Peter the Great's military reforms were fruitful, but the economic reforms were lackluster. Some scholars commented: "It has not enabled Russia to break out of the backward circle and become a capitalist country, nor has it established a developed capitalist industry in Russia, nor has it solved the task of eliminating Russia's backwardness." ”
Military reform is not good enough to make a fuss about "money" and will not go far. Peter the Great's reforms focused primarily on the military, and everything revolved around war. Although merchants had started businesses and peasants had entered the workshops, all this was mandatory, the result of Peter the Great's wielding of whips and sticks, and without much consideration for important factors such as the market. Peter the Great ignored all this for one purpose—to draw more taxes, so that some merchants went bankrupt. Thus, a strange phenomenon arose: Peter the Great, while winning foreign wars, became destitute. This is not a personal problem of Peter the Great, but a "national disease" of the Russian nation. Therefore, in the Russo-Japanese War, it was defeated by Japan; in the First World War, it was about to collapse at a touch; and it fought with the United States for hegemony and lost on the word "money". Today's Russia, almost reduced to a "second-rate power", seems to have never been able to get out of the "bad money" dead end.
In the field of economic reform, Peter the Great had little to offer, and even more so in the political field. Peter the Great had watched the British Parliament, but did not seem to be affected. He wrote in the Military Ordinances: "His Majesty is an absolute monarch, and he is not responsible to anyone in the world for his own affairs. "Peter the Great galloped on the road of military reform, but in other respects it was almost stagnant, as if a man's head were running wildly and his body was still behind, and the result was that his head was separated.
The famous Russian poet Pushkin figuratively said that Peter the Great "let Russia rise into the air and drag it with an iron cage." Stalin put it more bluntly: "After Peter the Great came into contact with the more developed countries in the West, he fanatically built factories to supply the army and strengthen national defense, which is a unique attempt to break out of the backward circle." But it is quite obvious that no old class, whether feudal aristocracy or bourgeoisie, can solve the task of abolishing the backwardness of our country. ”
Putin the Great
On 28 January 1725, Peter the Great died of uremia at the age of 53. Another theory is that Peter the Great fell ill and died of an illness in order to rescue a soldier who jumped into the cold water. If Peter the Great had lived longer, he would have suffered from his neighbors. Peter the Great's plans to invade China, India, Japan, and North America were a completely four-sided attack. A few years before Peter the Great's death, he also said that he would personally go out on horseback and "reach the foot of the Great Wall of China."
Is there a similarity between Putin's Russia and peter's Russia...
——The above is excerpted from Xu Shu's new book "The Road of Soldiers".
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Bing Dao ¥46.8 Purchase
Profile of the founder of "Xushu Studio"
Xu Shu, a native of Sichuan, doctor of military science, has worked in theater-level organs, and has published more than 70 articles in the "People's Liberation Army Daily", "Bookhouse" and other media, interviewed by Phoenix SATELLITE TV and other media, invited to Huawei and other speeches more than ten times, published the monograph "This is the US Army" (Lieutenant General Wang Hongguang as the preface), published 5 times in the first year of publication, often ranked top 3 in the Jingdong new book hot list, climbed the best-seller list of Sanlian Bookstore, and entered the New York Public Library and the National Library of Australia. Now a studio has been set up to focus on the study of the U.S. military.
The latest co-publication of the book "Bing Dao" with Yiwen (recommended by qiao Liang and Yu Ge by two teachers, recommended by Lieutenant General Wang Hongguang and Ren Guoqiang, and recommended by famous artists such as Jiang Ming, Jiang Xiaoyuan, yang lang) is 21 major military reforms in ancient and modern China and abroad.