From hatching the silkworm to the cocoon, the silkworm needs to go through 4 times of sleep molting, divided into 5 silkworm stages, 1-3 years old silkworm belongs to the small silkworm stage, at this time the silkworm adaptability, resistance and so on are relatively low, the size of the silkworm body is relatively small, need to be carefully cared for by farmers. Compared with the small silkworm stage, the feeding amount of mulberry leaves, the size of the silkworm body, the number of silkworm seats, etc. are significantly different, and whether the management of the silkworm period is appropriate will directly affect the number of cocoons on the silkworm, which will also determine the yield of silkworm cocoons. Of course, there is a more critical stage here, which can be said to have the role of a bridge, which is the 4-year-old silkworm stage, because the silkworm period is an in-depth supplement to the small silkworm stage, and at the same time, it is the time when the development of the silkworm body gradually enters the peak.
Since the 4-year-old silkworm stage has its particularity, farmers need to improve their attention during the silkworm stage, observe the growth and development of silkworms, and when abnormal phenomena are found, they must make some predictions and take corresponding measures in time to minimize the impact of unfavorable factors. Compared with the 3-year-old silkworm, the amount of mulberry leaves needs to be increased by more than 2 times, the number of silkworm seats also needs to increase by more than 1.5 times, the number of sand removal, disinfection, etc. has also increased a lot, farmers will appear busier, sometimes the time to eat is very rushed, the need to operate more links, it is easy to have some other problems. When raising 4-year-old silkworms, what problems will occur if farmers are not properly managed? Personally, I think it is mainly reflected in the following four aspects.
< h1 class = "pgc-h-arrow-right" >, prone to silkworm body uneven development</h1>
Some farmers do not pay attention to the 4-year-old silkworm period, especially when sleeping up to deal with, do not grasp the timing of feeding, feed the mulberry leaves in advance, resulting in the silkworms that wake up after sleeping 0.5-1 days late to eat mulberry leaves, unconsciously the difference between individuals is pulled apart, with the increase in the amount of mulberry leaf feeding in the later stage, the difference in the size of the silkworm body will become more and more obvious. When the 4-year-old silkworm just woke up to sleep, this difference is not observable to the naked eye, and so on into the middle and late stages of the 4-year-old silkworm, the two will find that the difference between the silkworm body is more obvious, and there will be a difference in the time of entering the 5 sleep, sometimes for other reasons, this time difference will be further expanded, the difference at the beginning of 1 day, the later period can be expanded to 2-3 days, feeding mulberry leaves and late on the difficulty of the dragon has increased a lot. Of course, some farmers know how to manage, but also use the 4-year-old silkworm period to adjust the size of the 3-year-old silkworm, and the time difference can be shortened by 1-2 days if properly grasped.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > second, the sand removal expansion is not timely, and the size of the silkworm body is easy to be small</h1>
Sand removal and expansion is the step that needs to be carried out in each silkworm stage, but there are differences in the number of sand removal and expansion in each silkworm period, when the silkworm experiences 1-5 years old, the number of sand removal expansion seats is basically incremental, and the number of sand removal times of 1-3 years old silkworms is relatively small, basically 2-3 times. After entering the 4-year-old silkworm, some farmers can not carry out sand removal and expansion in time due to various reasons, and the 4-year-old silkworm grows and develops faster, the space for silkworm activity in the silkworm seat will appear small, the breeding density is often large, and for a long time in such an environment, the size of the silkworm body will be small. 4-5 years old silkworm stage, the breeding density problem needs to pay more attention to, because the development of silkworm body is a dynamic process, the first two days feel appropriate, the last two days may appear more crowded, so the need for farmers to continue to remove sand and expand the seat, to provide a more comfortable environment for silkworms, which is more conducive to enhancing the physique of silkworms.
< h1 class = "pgc-h-arrow-right" > third, improper picking of mulberry leaves, pesticide poisoning symptoms</h1>
For most farmers, 1-3 years old silkworm period picking mulberry leaves less, will not feel how hard to raise silkworms, sometimes after doing farm work, by the way to pick mulberry leaves, and to the 4th age silkworm, the need to pick mulberry leaves began to increase, the original half an hour to pick mulberry leaves can meet the amount of silkworm feeding, now at least need to pick mulberry leaves for more than 1 hour, the more you need to pick mulberry leaves in the future, the longer you stay in the mulberry garden. If the number of silkworm species is large, such as more than 10 pieces of paper, and its own labor force is only 3-4 people, then it may be necessary to ask someone to help pick mulberry leaves, busy picking mulberry leaves every day, people are prone to fatigue, picking mulberry leaves are easy to become sloppy, and some mulberry leaves that are not suitable for picking may also be picked. Especially some of the mulberry garden around the planting of crops, if the pesticide, the surrounding mulberry leaves may have pesticide residues, silkworms eat such mulberry leaves are prone to symptoms of poisoning, mild symptoms will affect the short-term amount of food, serious will form a substantial reduction in yield.
<h1 class = "pgc-h-arrow-right" > fourth, it is easy to lurk some germs, so that 5-year-old silkworms induce silkworm disease</h1>
I believe that many farmers have experienced that the 1-3 year old silkworm disease is very small, into the 5 years old silkworm when the disease is more, sometimes about to go to the cocoon, but there are some silkworm diseases, the more common silkworm diseases are silkworm pus, zombie silkworm disease, fly maggot disease, etc., once the silkworm disease occurs, the production and quality of the silkworm cocoon in the season will drop significantly, and the probability of the next season of silkworm disease will increase significantly. In addition to doing a good job in the management of the small silkworm period, in fact, the management of the 4-year-old silkworm is also particularly important, if the management of the 4-year-old silkworm is not in place, resulting in a lot of germs sneaking into the silkworm house, this kind of germ parasitizes on the silkworm body, and it will not be immediately manifested at the beginning, and after entering the 5-year-old silkworm, the number of germs has accumulated to a certain extent, coupled with the abnormal temperature and humidity in the silkworm room, it is easy to appear some symptoms of silkworm disease.
When the silkworm is raised to the age of 4, it can be said that it has successfully passed half the time, and the management of this stage can be done well, so that the silkworm can successfully reach the 5-year-old stage, which is one step closer to the success of the silkworm, which is neither petite in the small silkworm stage, nor strong when it reaches the 5-year-old silkworm, and many times the difference in the size of the silkworm body will gradually show in this stage. In order to reduce the probability of sericulture in the later stage, the daily management of 4-year-old silkworms needs to be seriously implemented, so what aspects do farmers need to start from? Personally, I think we can do the following 8 points well.
1. Timely feeding, try to avoid the appearance of large and small silkworms
When the 4-year-old silkworm sleeps, some farmers are difficult at when to feed the mulberry leaves, when they see a small number of silkworms looking up to find the mulberry leaves to eat, do not rush to feed the mulberry leaves, but also continue to observe the situation of other silkworms in the silkworm seat. Under normal circumstances, there will be a certain difference in the sleep time of silkworms, but the difference will not exceed 4 hours, if the difference in sleep time is more than 8 hours, it means that there is a problem with the early feeding method. When 85-90% of the silkworms in the silkworm seat have woken up and are constantly looking for mulberry leaves to eat around, at this time you can feed the first mulberry leaves of the 4-year-old silkworm, which is also called "feeding" in the industry, for this feeding of mulberry leaves, farmers can not be careless, need to operate according to the corresponding standards. Because if the timing of feeding is not in place, the silkworms that eat the mulberry leaves first grow faster, and then eat the mulberry leaves grow slowly, and the large and small silkworms appear invisibly, which will affect the sleep and feeding time of the 5-year-old silkworms, and the neatness of the silkworm body development will have a significant impact.
2. Control the time and number of sand removal and expansion
After entering the 4-year-old silkworm stage, the growth and development of silkworms is significantly accelerated, the number of sand removal and expansion is significantly more than that of 1-3-year-old silkworms, usually, when the 4-year-old silkworm sleeps, it is necessary to remove sand once, almost to the time when the 5-year-old silkworm goes to sleep, and then remove the sand once, after the 4-year-old silkworm sleeps to the 5-year-old silkworm before falling asleep, the farmer also needs to make a comprehensive judgment according to the thickness of the silkworm sand in the silkworm seat, the breeding density and so on, and generally need to remove the sand to expand the seat 1-2 times. If you encounter high temperature and high humidity weather, the number of sand removal expansion seats should also increase, that is to say, the number of sand removal times for 4-year-old silkworms should be 3-4 times, and the number of expansion seats is basically more than 1.5 times the number of 3-year-old silkworm seats. Sand removal time farmers need to adjust according to their own situation, the ideal is in the morning 8:00-10:00 and afternoon 15:00-17:00 two time periods for sand removal, some farmers will feed mulberry leaves and sand removal together, the number of silkworm seeds is small, if the number of silkworms is small, it is not recommended to operate this way, because the silkworms that eat mulberry leaves are easy to be hungry.
3. Deal with the temperature and humidity control of day and night in the silkworm room
The 4-year-old silkworm is in a relatively special period, the size of the silkworm body is greater than 1-3 years old silkworm, and the autoimmunity has been improved, but it is not as physical as the 5-year-old silkworm, and the adaptability to the surrounding environment is still relatively weak. Therefore, the temperature and humidity control in the silkworm room can not be careless, the ideal state is that the temperature in the silkworm room fluctuates in the range of 24-26 ° C, the humidity is about 70%, if the temperature in the silkworm room is lower than 22 ° C, the amount of food of the silkworm will be affected, the growth and development will be slow, the cocoon in the later stage is easy to be small, it is easy to encounter when raising spring silkworms and late autumn silkworms, at this time it is necessary to find a way to warm up. Usually, during the day you need to open the window ventilation, keep the air in the silkworm room fresh, can not close the doors and windows in order to warm up, at night, you need to determine whether to completely close the doors and windows according to the weather conditions, the temperature difference between day and night is not very obvious, you can retain part of the window ventilation, if the night temperature is significantly low, then you need to close the doors and windows.
4. Set up a special mulberry storage room to reasonably arrange the amount of mulberry leaves
Many farmers in the 1-3 years of age silkworm period, because the demand for mulberry leaves is not large, each time the mulberry leaves picked will not be many, as long as there is no continuous rain, in order to ensure the freshness of mulberry leaves, often pick 1-2 times of mulberry leaves, such as mulberry leaves picked before 10 a.m., only used to feed at noon, rarely need to place mulberry leaves in a special place. However, after entering the 4th year old silkworm, due to the accelerated growth and development of the silkworm body, the demand for mulberry leaves has increased significantly, and at this time it is necessary to set up a special mulberry storage room to store the mulberry leaves that have been picked back, and the mulberry leaves that are picked back each time should be shaken in time, and there must be no mulberry leaf fever phenomenon, and abnormal conditions such as insect eggs, sediment, leaf wilting and yellowing should be picked out in time. In addition, when the mulberry leaves are released, it is necessary to give priority to feeding the mulberry leaves picked in front of the silkworms, and the mulberry leaves that are picked back need to be fed within 24 hours, once it exceeds 24 hours, the water and nutrients in the mulberry leaves will be significantly reduced, and some will even dry up and wither, and the silkworms will eat such mulberry leaves, but it is easy to induce silkworm disease.
5. Conscientiously implement the sanitation and disinfection in the silkworm room
Whether it is the small silkworm period, or the large silkworm period, the sanitary disinfection work in the silkworm room is not careless, the farmer needs to pay enough attention, the 4-year-old silkworm due to the frequent entry and exit of personnel, the amount of mulberry leaves has also increased a lot, coupled with the number of ventilation and ventilation in the silkworm room and the time to increase, once which link is not handled well, it is easy to appear some silkworm diseases. The sanitary disinfection in the silkworm room of the 4-year-old silkworm period should be carried out regularly, basically once a day in the morning, middle and evening, before feeding the mulberry leaves each time, the fresh lime powder can be sprinkled evenly, and then the mulberry leaves are fed after 8-10 minutes, and sometimes the anti-stiffness powder needs to be used, and the 4-year-old silkworm needs to be used 2-3 times. After feeding the mulberry leaves each time, it is necessary to clean the silkworm room, the mulberry storage room, etc., especially the mulberry leaves that fall from the corner, which should be thrown away in time, and the ground in the silkworm room should be often sprayed with the prepared solution for disinfection, and when increasing the silkworm tools, it is necessary to ensure that it has been disinfected, and implement the disinfection measures of each link as much as possible.
6. Add silkworm antibiotics in a timely manner to reduce the incidence of silkworm disease
In order to enhance the physique of the silkworm body, you can add an appropriate amount of silkworm antibiotics in the 4-year-old silkworm, such as erythromycin capsules, carbendazim powder, etc., generally sprayed on the mulberry leaves by mixing the water preparation solution, which is conducive to the prevention and treatment of silkworm sepsis, microparticle disease, etc. In the middle of the 4-year-old silkworm, the amount of use needs to be based on the operation instructions for the silkworm medicine, and cannot be overused. In addition, in the 4th instar silkworm stage, you can also feed a silkworm fly solution, the silkworm medicine is mainly used to prevent and control silkworm maggot disease, it should be noted that different silkworm drugs need to have a certain interval time, the interval between the two needs to be more than 12 hours, and some silkworm drugs can not be mixed with alkaline disinfectants when used. The physique of the 4-year-old silkworm is enhanced, and the disease resistance of the silkworm body will be significantly enhanced, laying a solid foundation for the growth of the 5-year-old silkworm. When adding silkworm antibiotics, it is best to use different silkworm stages alternately, such as spring silkworms and summer silkworms using different antibiotics, which can prevent silkworm resistance.
7. Standardize the entry and exit of personnel in and out of the silkworm house, and refuse to allow irrelevant personnel to enter and exit
Sometimes, the incidence of silkworm farming is more, not completely the internal disinfection of the silkworm house is not standardized enough, nor is the mulberry leaf not handled well, but related to the human factor, the 4-year-old silkworm because of the frequent removal of sand, expansion, the amount of feeding mulberry leaves is also relatively large, the time of the farmer in the silkworm house is significantly increased, if the farmer in and out of the silkworm house did not do the corresponding preventive measures, it is easy to bring the outside germs into the silkworm house, thus inducing silkworm disease. In the 4-year-old silkworm, if you ask someone to help pick mulberry leaves from outside, do not let outsiders enter the silkworm room, it is best to enter and exit the family fixed personnel, and every time you enter and exit, you must change special clothes, shoes and hats, etc., and at the same time use hand sanitizer to wash your hands frequently, sometimes even if it is your own family, you must also pay attention to whether there is a stronger smell on the body when entering and leaving the silkworm room, such as smearing flower dew, spraying perfume, etc. There is such a smell that is not suitable, it is easy to make the silkworm have abnormal reactions, which is where farmers need special attention.
8. Strengthen the management of mulberry gardens and beware of pesticide residue poisoning
In the process of mulberry garden management, it is necessary to do two aspects of the content, on the one hand, the internal management of the mulberry garden, such as pruning the leaves, cleaning up the eggs, weeds, etc., but also to seize the opportunity to topdress, do a good job of water and fertilizer management, when encountering dry weather, to find a way to irrigate, if there is more continuous rainfall, then it is necessary to drain in time; on the other hand, the management of external factors, mainly whether the crops around the mulberry garden use pesticides, under normal circumstances, the farmers themselves are more aware of whether they use pesticides. However, whether the surrounding plots use pesticides, it is more difficult to grasp, especially in other people's plots, once the pesticides are sprayed on the crops, and the farmers do not grasp this situation, after picking mulberry leaves and feeding them to the silkworms, they are prone to poisoning. Many times, others may be unintentional, but for farmers is to pay a great price, pesticide residue poisoning is farmers need to always guard against, especially their own mulberry garden is not continuous, but also to maintain a good relationship with surrounding farmers.
In short, when raising 4-year-old silkworms, farmers should change the management mode of 1-3 years old silkworms, and they need to upgrade their levels in terms of sanitation and disinfection, sand removal and expansion, prevention and control of silkworm diseases, etc. Of course, farmers should conscientiously implement each link in accordance with certain standards, and the stage of treatment is good, the development of silkworms will be more neat, more conducive to the management of 5-year-old silkworms, laying a good foundation for increasing production and income. The level of breeding technology is often reflected in the details of daily management, and the income from sericulture will naturally increase when the management is in place, in case of sericulture, it is also necessary to analyze the causes of sericulture and summarize the deficiencies, so that sericulture technology will gradually improve.