A question of conscience: What did China do in 1966-1976?
1966 year
On January 28, China successfully tested a missile and nuclear weapon.
02/19 The chairman pointed out that it will take 25 years to basically realize the mechanization of agriculture.
On February 21, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China decided to increase exports to capitalist countries.
03.04 The Guikun Railway was connected 9 months ahead of the original plan.
05.03 China's first batch of "Hongqi" luxury cars left the factory.
05/09 The first nuclear test containing thermonuclear material was successful; Archaeological discovery and preservation of Peking Man skull
On October 8, China made the first batch of 100,000 kW hydro-generator units.
On October 15, the China Export Commodities Fair opened in Guangzhou.
On October 27, the first nuclear missile was successfully launched
On December 23, China synthesized crystalline insulin for the first time in the world.
1967 year
01.05 China is self-sufficient in the variety and quantity of petroleum products, and its exploration, production and refining technology has reached the peak of the world.
On January 16, China's first medium-sized flatbed truck with a load of 150 tons was built.
On April 15, the Spring Canton Fair opened.
06/17 China's first hydrogen bomb was successfully exploded.
07.01 Chengdu-Kunming Railway was completed and opened to traffic.
07/07 The national summer grain harvest increased by one percent over last year.
On July 26, China's first 100-ton mine railway self-tipping vehicle was successfully developed.
Archaeological discovery of the new cave man, officially excavated in 1973
09.05 China assisted the Zambian government with an interest-free loan of 1 billion yuan to build the Tanzania-Zambia Railway.
On October 5, China's first transistor large-scale digital computer was successfully developed.
On October 15, China's first automatic stereo camera was successfully developed.
On November 15, the Canton Fair opened
On November 29, China's largest radio telescope was successfully installed and commissioned.
1968 year
On January 8, China's first 10,000-ton giant ship "Dongfeng" was completed.
On January 11, People's Daily published "Free Market" is a butcher's knife that kills people without seeing blood"
02.23 Made of oversized bearings in China.
On April 15, the Xinbianhe River Project, a large-scale water conservancy project to eradicate the waterlogging in the Huaibei Plain, started.
09.03 China developed the first batch of hydraulic drive diesel locomotives.
On November 20, the 10,000-ton ocean-going giant ship "Gaoyang" was launched.
On December 25, the Fuchun River large-scale hydropower station was completed for power generation.
On December 28, China successfully conducted a new hydrogen bomb test.
On December 29, the Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge was completed.
1969 year
On February 21, the domestic public debt has been fully repaid, and Premier Zhou announced that China has become a powerful independent socialist country in the world with no domestic or foreign debt.
04/02 The first 10,000-ton oil tanker "Daqing 27" was launched.
05.05 China developed an antimicrobial with unique curative effect - "gentamicin".
On June 13, it was decided to build 8 new 10,000-ton slipways in 6 shipyards in Shanghai, Tianjin and Dalian.
07.08 Henan Hongqi Canal was built in ten years.
On September 13, the Danjiang substation project was completed ahead of schedule.
09/23 The first underground nuclear test was successful;
On September 25, the price of drugs was greatly reduced, 37% lower than the beginning of the year, and 80% lower than in 1950.
09.26 Free aid to Viet Nam 556 million yuan.
On September 30, Beijing Yanshan Oil Refinery was completed and put into operation.
On September 30, China's first 125,000 kW dual-water internal air-conditioned turbine generator set was completed, marking that China's motor manufacturing industry has entered a new stage.
On October 3, China's first 5000 horsepower hydraulic transmission diesel locomotive was born
On October 4, China's first rotary oxygen converter was put into production.
On October 28, the construction of the second automobile plant was accelerated.
On November 14, the construction of Panzhihua Iron and Steel Base was accelerated
November 16 China's agricultural harvest
1970 year
On April 24, China successfully launched its first artificial earth satellite. At 21:35 on April 24, 1970 (Beijing time), the Dongfanghong-1 satellite was launched by the Long March-1 carrier rocket, starting China's long march into space.
On June 1, a large number of fertilizer plants were built in various places.
07.17 The installed capacity of small and medium-sized hydropower stations in rural areas is twice that of the past 20 years.
08 China's large aircraft project was officially launched.
On October 16, the open-pit coal mine of Xinjiang Hami Mining Bureau, a large-scale modern open-pit coal mine, was put into operation.
On October 17, China donated 1.314 billion yuan to the DPRK.
On December 25, the first phase of Gezhouba project started.
On December 26, the first nuclear submarine was successfully developed.
In 1970, the total volume of foreign trade reached 4.58 billion US dollars.
1971 year
01.02 China's light industry has formed a relatively complete system.
On February 5, Mao Zedong approved the "Report on the Import of Complete Sets of Chemical Fiber and Fertilizer Technology and Equipment", and introduced 4 sets of new chemical fiber technology equipment, 2 sets of fertilizer equipment, as well as some key equipment and materials urgently needed by the mainland for 400 million US dollars.
03.03 China successfully launched the first artificial earth satellite for scientific experiments.
05.15 Launched the industrial celebration
The first integrated circuit CNC machine tool in China was born
On June 27, the first 20,000-ton cargo ship "Changfeng" was launched.
07.08 Forwarded the work report on doing a good job in family planning.
On August 21, Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai approved the import of a 1.7 meter large steel plate rolling mill from abroad.
On August 22, China's first nuclear-powered submarine sailed to the test sea area for the first time with nuclear power for navigation tests. Since then, the Chinese Navy has entered the ranks of the world's nuclear navy as the fifth navy in the world to possess nuclear submarines.
On September 27, China provided 3.614 billion yuan to Viet Nam free of charge. The amount of foreign aid was 7 billion, the largest since the founding of the People's Republic of China.
Oct.02 Additional capital investment of CNY 5.1 billion.
On October 25, the United Nations restored the lawful seat of the People's Republic of China.
On November 7, Zhou Enlai approved the "Report on the Import of Complete Sets of Chemical Equipment" submitted by the State Planning Commission again, importing 23 sets of chemical equipment of 600 million US dollars. Another import package totalling $3.3 billion will be combined to form a larger introduction plan.
On November 18, more than 1,800 small cement plants were built across the country.
On November 18, a new nuclear test was conducted in the western region.
On December 7, the national annual water conservancy construction was 5 billion cubic meters, and 30 million mu of farmland was added.
1972 year
On January 13, 8 sets of chemical fertilizer and chemical fiber equipment were introduced from abroad, and later a plan for the introduction of 4.3 billion US dollars of complete sets of equipment and single machines (i.e., four and three plans) was proposed.
On January 28, the People's Liberation Army (PLA) implemented the May Seventh Directive to develop agricultural and sideline production, and many troops achieved self-sufficiency in meat and vegetables.
On February 21, Chairman Mao met with Nixon, and the two sides agreed to develop trade with each other.
On February 28, China and the United States issued the "Sino-US Joint Communiqué" (i.e., the "Shanghai Communiqué") in Shanghai, and Sino-US relations have since moved towards normalization.
05/13 China's electronics industry further developed, and the output of radios in 1971 was equivalent to four times that of 1965.
On August 21, the one-meter-seven rolling mill was imported from the Federal Republic of Germany and Japan, built in Wuhan Iron and Steel Company, and other equipment was installed in Beijing, Shanghai, Sichuan and Tangshan.
09 The largest national arts and crafts exhibition since the founding of the People's Republic of China opened in Beijing, which lasted more than 4 months.
On September 10, 400,000 young intellectuals settled in rural areas and border areas.
On October 13, the Hunan and Guizhou Railway, an important trunk line connecting the central and southern regions and the southwest region, was opened to traffic.
On November 26, it assisted Viet Nam in resisting the United States with 2.657 billion yuan.
On December 26, China's first 300-ton flatbed truck was launched.
1973 year
01/01 People's Daily published a New Year's message, agriculture won a good harvest, and industrial production rose.
01.05 The State Development Planning Commission put forward a plan to import $4.3 billion of foreign equipment. Including: 13 sets of large chemical fertilizers, 4 sets of large chemical fibers, 3 sets of petrochemical industry, 10 alkylbenzene plants, 43 sets of integrated coal mining units, three large power stations, Wuhan Iron and Steel 1.7 rolling mills, and turbine compressors, gas turbines, industrial gas turbine factories and other projects.
On February 13, Xinhua News Agency reported that 1972 was the year with the largest installed capacity of electric power stations since liberation.
03/07 Xinhua News Agency reported that China has made remarkable achievements in the development of combined machine tools.
On March 20, some enterprises and county societies tried to set up special factories and workshops for export industrial products, and production bases for export agricultural and sideline native products.
On April 10, it was decided to build Handxing iron and steel and coal base.
On April 15, the Spring Canton Fair opened, and more than 140 countries and regions developed trade with China.
05.04 China and Japan jointly invested in the construction of the China-Japan submarine cable.
06.18 International rice prices rose, and China increased its exports of 1 million tons of rice in exchange for wheat.
On June 28, China successfully conducted a hydrogen bomb test.
On June 29, Chairman Mao met with United States banker Rockefeller and said: Promoting the development of trade between the two countries through the banks of the two countries is an effective channel.
On July 16, the Family Planning Leading Group was established.
08/01 Xinhua News Agency reported that the summer grain harvest was the second bumper harvest since the founding of the People's Republic of China.
08.05 The National Environmental Protection Conference was held to formulate the "Several Provisions on the Protection and Improvement of the Environment"
On August 16, Xinhua News Agency reported that China's paddy field agricultural mechanization has made new progress.
On August 26, Xinhua News Agency reported that China's electronics industry is developing rapidly.
On August 27, China's first million-times integrated circuit electronic computer was successfully developed.
09.03 China's first astronomical time, latitude and optoelectronic isometer was successfully developed.
On September 12, Xinhua News Agency reported that the production capacity of drilling footage and oil wells put into operation in China hit the highest record in the same period in history.
09/26 The State Council reaffirmed the important principles of foreign trade.
On September 30, Xinhua News Agency reported that China's fertilizer production more than doubled compared with 1965.
On October 15, the autumn Canton Fair opened, developing trade exchanges with more than 150 countries and regions in the world.
On October 25, dozens of non-ferrous metals, rare metals and non-metallic minerals were discovered in Tibet.
On November 1, dozens of large and medium-sized hydropower stations were completed and put into operation, and more than 50,000 small hydropower stations were built throughout the country.
On November 8, the Tibet Military Region planted a large-scale winter wheat harvest in the alpine area at an altitude of 3,800 meters. This is an important change in the development of agriculture in Tibet's history.
On November 13, the State Council approved several regulations on environmental protection.
On December 20, China has more than 80 air lines, connecting more than 70 cities across the country and establishing business contacts with more than 100 foreign airlines.
December 22 In the past five years, more than 8 million young intellectuals have gone to the countryside.
On December 26, the number of countries and regions with trade relations with China increased to more than 150, of which more than 50 countries signed trade agreements with China. In 1973, the mainland's total foreign trade reached $10.976 billion (the value of the currency at that time).
1974 year
On January 12, in order to realize Chairman Mao's strategic idea of catching up with and surpassing the world level in several five-year plans within this century, the State Development Planning Commission put forward the "Report on Drawing Up a Long-Term Plan."
On January 21, the State Council demanded that it pay close attention to four requirements: planning the use of grain, saving the use of grain, and strictly controlling the sales of grain.
On January 22, the State Council proposed to import a number of large-scale chemical fertilizers, chemical fibers and continuous steel plate rolling mills and other equipment from abroad in the next three to five years.
On January 30, the State Council issued instructions to prevent pollution of coastal waters.
On February 17, Xinhua News Agency reported that Shengli Oilfield set a national record for oil drilling with an annual drilling footage of 150105 meters last year.
On February 19, Xinhua News Agency reported that China's rural areas set off a new upsurge in farmland infrastructure construction.
On February 24, the initial project of the Danjiangkou Water Conservancy Project of the Hanjiang River was completed.
On March 23, the Chengdu-Kunming Railway, the main transportation line in southwest China, was completed.
03/29 Terracotta Warriors and Horses were discovered for the first time
On March 30, the geothermal power station was built in Huailai, Hebei Province.
04/02 China's first 25,000-ton floating dock "Huangshan" was completed.
On April 15, the 35th Canton Fair opened, and the scale was the largest in the past.
04.31 China's first medical electron induction accelerator was successfully developed.
On May 15, a new oil field was established in the coastal area of North China - Dagang Oilfield.
07.17 China's winter wheat producing areas promote excellent varieties, accounting for more than 80% of the country's wheat sowing area.
08.09 Umbrella solar furnace was successfully developed.
On September 12, the State Development Planning Commission proposed to increase the import of oil, cotton, some steel and chemical fertilizers.
On September 12, China's first 50,000-ton wharf was completed.
On September 15, the Qingtongxia Water Conservancy Project of the Yellow River was completed.
On September 30, Shengli Oilfield, a large oil field, was completed.
On October 3, China's largest vertical shaft drilling was successfully developed.
Oct. 23 China's local small coal mine output more than tripled last year compared to 1965, accounting for 28 percent of the year.
On October 26, Viet Nam provided 1.117 billion yuan of supplies free of charge.
On December 19, the Sanmenxia Hydropower Station was completed.
On December 27, the Daqing-Qinhuangdao oil pipeline was completed.
On December 31, the central authorities demanded that family planning work be done in earnest.
From 1973 to 1974, taking advantage of the turmoil in international currencies, he purchased 600 tons of gold at the right time, increasing the mainland's gold reserves.
In 1974, the total volume of foreign trade amounted to 14.57 billion US dollars (the currency value at that time).
1975 year
On January 13, it was proposed that by the end of this century, the modernization of agriculture, industry, national defense, and science and technology should be realized in an all-round way, and China's national economy would be at the forefront of the world.
On January 14, Sichuan Province made new achievements in the development of natural gas.
01.15 China achieved self-sufficiency in red and jute.
01/25 Reduced retail prices for semiconductor radios.
02.03 Jingshan Power Plant successfully applied electronic computer to control 100,000 kW gas-fired turbine generator set for the first time.
02.04 Liujiaxia Hydropower Station, the largest hydropower station in China, was completed.
On March 29, the development of high-energy accelerator was included in the national key scientific research project.
05.30 China discovered the first Paleozoic formation oilfield.
On May 31, the State Council defined the export of gold and introduced copper, aluminum, rubber, polyester and other raw materials.
07.05 China's first electrified railway, Baocheng Railway, was completed.
07.08 The Qinhuangdao-Beijing oil pipeline was completed.
On July 19, China's fertilizer output increased significantly, and the increased fertilizer production in the first half of the year could increase the output of more than 10 billion catties of grain or more than 30 million quintals of cotton.
On July 28, the freight volume of the national railway in the first half of the year hit the highest level in the same period in history.
08.08 Heavy rain in Henan, the state allocated 700 million yuan for disaster relief.
On August 19, the State Council decided to import 200 million US dollars.
On August 19, 600 million yuan of materials were donated to Cambodia free of charge.
On August 30, Xinhua News Agency reported that in the past three to four years, a large number of power stations have been completed and put into production every year.
09/01 Xinhua News Agency reported that China had a bumper early rice harvest this year, with the yield and total output hitting the highest level in history.
09/03 Xinhua News Agency reported that by the end of 1974, China's small hydropower generation accounted for one-third of the total.
On September 14, Xinhua News Agency reported that 100 million radio speakers connected thousands of villages and households.
On October 7, the indica hybrid rice cultivated by scientist Yuan Longping passed the appraisal and generally increased the yield by 20% after popularization, making a significant contribution to the increase of world grain production.
On October 27, China successfully conducted a nuclear test.
On November 17, China's raw salt harvest hit the best level in history.
On November 26, China successfully launched a re-entry satellite.
On December 24, the Jiaozhi Railway was opened to traffic.
On December 30, Xinhua News Agency reported that China's agriculture has been bumper for 13 consecutive years.
In the second half of 1975, three artificial satellites were successfully launched, which were called "three-star high-light".
1976 year
On January 21, another 10,000-ton floating dock "Huashan" was successfully developed.
On March 13, Laiwu Power Plant, a large-scale thermal power plant, was put into production.
03.22 The post and telecommunications department developed fax communication technology.
On April 15, the Canton Fair opened
On April 21, the Beijing-Shanghai-Hangzhou carrier cable was put into production.
On April 24, 6011 meters of ultra-deep well was drilled.
05/01 The number of people engaged in marine geological survey work increased by 7.5 times compared with 1965, and the survey work developed to the Yellow Sea, East China Sea and South China Sea.
On May 12, post and telecommunications workers built a national microwave communication trunk line.
06.06 The first modern 100,000-ton deep-water oil port Dalian New Port was completed.
On June 29, the first double-decker track of highway and railway on the Huangpu River in Shanghai was completed and opened to traffic.
07.06 Artificially cultivated rye was promoted in southwest, northwest and north China.
07.06 The Yunnan-Tibet Highway was completed and opened to traffic.
On July 22, Xinhua News Agency reported that the country's total summer grain output hit a record level.
On July 23, the coastal railway trunk line Tianjin-Shanghai double line project was connected ahead of schedule.
08.07 Beijing-Shanhaiguan railway repaired.
On August 23, the first 50,000-ton ocean-going oil tanker "West Lake" was launched in Dalian.
On October 5, Fujian Vinylon Factory, a modern chemical fiber complex, was completed.
On November 16, Xinhua News Agency reported that more than 80 percent of the country's counties had established cement plants, and the output had increased by 4.1 times compared with 1965.
On December 10, the proven reserves of a certain talk in the nine provinces of Jiangnan increased by two times compared with before the Cultural Revolution.
On December 11, the high-speed large-scale general-purpose integrated circuit electronic computer was successfully developed.
In addition, from 1965 to 1978, the mainland carried out third-line construction in 13 provinces and autonomous regions, and after three five-year plans, a total of more than 205 billion yuan was invested, millions of manpower, and thousands of construction projects were arranged. The scale is large, the time is long, the mobilization is extensive, and the action is swift and unprecedented. Major achievements have been made in the construction of the third line. It has initially changed the irrational industrial layout of the mainland's interior with weak basic industries, backward transportation, and low level of resource development. A strategic rear base based on energy and transportation, focusing on national defense science and technology, supporting the raw material industry and processing industry, and combining scientific research and production has been preliminarily built. By the end of the 70s, the industrial fixed assets in the third-tier areas increased from 29.2 billion yuan to 154.3 billion yuan, an increase of 4.28 times, accounting for about 1/3 of the country at that time. The number of employees increased from 3,256,500 to 11,295,000, an increase of 2.46 times. The total industrial output value increased from 25.8 billion yuan to 127 billion yuan, an increase of 3.92 times.
At the Fourth National People's Congress held in the spring of 1975, he made a "Report on the Work of the Government", which mainly reviewed the basic situation of the country in the decade from 1964 to 1974, especially the economic development.
The following is an excerpt from the Government Work Report of the Fourth National People's Congress:
We have exceeded the Third Five-Year Plan, and the Fourth Five-Year Plan will be successfully completed in 1975. The mainland's agriculture has reaped bumper harvests for 13 consecutive years, and the total agricultural output value in 1974 is expected to increase by 51 percent over 1964. This fully demonstrates the superiority of the people's commune system. Since the liberation of the whole country, although the population of the mainland has increased by 60 percent, grain output has increased by 1.4 times and cotton output by 4.7 times.
In a country like ours with a population of nearly 800 million, the basic needs of food and clothing are guaranteed. The total industrial output value in 1974 is expected to increase by 1.9 times compared with 1964, and the output of major products will increase by a large margin, with steel increasing by 1.2 times, raw coal by 91 percent, oil by 6.5 times, power generation by 2 times, chemical fertilizers by 3.3 times, tractors by 5.2 times, cotton yarn by 85 percent, and chemical fibers by 3.3 times. During this decade, we relied on our own strength, built 1,100 large and medium-sized projects, successfully conducted hydrogen bomb tests, and launched artificial Earth satellites. Contrary to the turbulent and inflationary situation in the capitalist world economy, the mainland's fiscal balance is balanced, there is no foreign or domestic debt, prices are stable, the people's living standards are gradually improving, and socialist construction is thriving and flourishing day by day. The reactionaries at home and abroad once asserted that the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution would certainly undermine the development of the national economy on the mainland, and now the facts have given them a powerful answer.
Together with the peoples of other countries, we have won major victories in the struggle against colonialism, imperialism, and especially the hegemony of the superpowers. We have smashed the encirclement, blockade, aggression and subversion of imperialism and social-imperialism, and strengthened our solidarity with the peoples of all countries, especially the peoples of the third world. The continent's seat in the United Nations, which had long been illegally denied to it, has been restored. The number of countries that have established diplomatic relations with the mainland has increased to nearly 100, and the number of countries and regions with economic, trade, and cultural exchanges has reached more than 150. Our struggle enjoys the broad sympathy and support of the peoples of all countries. We have friends all over the world.