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Moscow, an ancient and charming city, was awakened by a sudden explosion in the early morning of September 1, 2024, thick smoke billowing into the sky, the Kapotnia oil refinery, an important facility only a dozen kilometers from the Kremlin, was reduced to ruins in the raging fire, this is not a natural disaster, but a man-made disaster, it is a precision strike launched by Ukraine drones, like a sharp knife, piercing Moscow's air defense network
The picture comes from the Internet
As soon as the news came out, the world was shaken, and people couldn't help but ask: how could Moscow, a city with multi-layered air defense systems such as S-300 and S-400, allow drones to succeed so easily? Why is the S-400 air defense system, once hailed as a "NATO nightmare", so vulnerable in real combat? How did what was once a "myth" become a "joke" today?
Looking back at the "history of fame" of the S-400, it is not difficult for us to find that this air defense system, known as the "Arc de Triomphe", does have a proud "resume", an ultra-long interception distance of 400 kilometers, a synchronous tracking capability of 80 targets, plus the "blessing" of 48N6E2, 40N6E and other missiles, S-400 can theoretically intercept almost any invading enemy
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In 2018, India spent a huge amount of $5.4 billion to buy 5 regiments of S-400 in one go, which is enough to prove its confidence in this weapon, and in subsequent military exercises, S-400 also lived up to expectations, the simulated "enemy aircraft" was beaten to the ground, and the 80% interception success rate made the India military ecstatic, for a time, S-400 became the "fragrant bait" of the global arms market, known as one of the most advanced air defense systems in the world
The outbreak of the Russian-Ukrainian conflict has made the S-400 step down the "altar" and accept the "baptism" of actual combat, but the results of the actual combat are shocking, and the explosion of the Moscow refinery is just a microcosm of the S-400's "crotch" performance
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In the Russian-Ukrainian conflict, in the face of the "harassment" of Ukraine's drones, the performance of the S-400 can be described as "bad", not only did it not effectively intercept the incoming drones, but it could not even give early warning, so that Moscow was successfully "sneak attacked" by drones many times
So, what is the reason why the once "star weapon" S-400 is so unbearable in actual combat?
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The design concept of the S-400 has fallen behind the times, the S-400 was born during the Cold War, and was originally designed to deal with the threat from fighter jets and ballistic missiles, and did not pay enough attention to the "low, slow, small" targets of drones
It's like a swordsman with strong martial arts, accustomed to head-to-head confrontation with people, but suddenly encountered a group of mosquitoes who "fight guerrillas", although the swordsmanship is superb, but there is no way to start, S-400 in the face of drones, the same reason, empty of a skill, but can not be used
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The rapid development of UAV technology has also brought great challenges to the S-400, modern UAVs, not only small in size, slow in flight, small in radar reflection area, but also inexpensive, can carry out "swarm" attacks, posing a serious threat to traditional air defense systems
In the face of overwhelming UAVs, the S-400's radar system is difficult to effectively identify and lock on to the target, and its high interception cost also makes it difficult to withstand the pressure of "saturation attack"
The picture comes from the Internet
Third, the overall defects of Russia's air defense system are also an important reason for the "failure" of the S-400, Russia relies too much on long-range air defense systems such as the S-400, and neglects the defense of low-altitude, short-range targets, resulting in "loopholes" in the air defense system, giving UAVs an opportunity
Russia's backwardness in the field of electronic warfare also restricts the combat effectiveness of the S-400, modern warfare, the importance of electronic warfare is increasingly prominent, and Russia is significantly behind Western countries in this regard, which makes the S-400 very vulnerable in the face of electronic interference
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The "failure" of the S-400 has sounded the alarm for countries around the world, and with the continuous development of emerging technologies such as unmanned aerial vehicles and hypersonic weapons, the traditional air defense combat concepts and systems have been difficult to adapt to the needs of future wars
China and United States, as the "leaders" in the military field of the world today, are at the forefront of the world in the construction of air defense systems, China pays attention to systematic operations, and the Hongqi-9 air defense system not only has advanced performance, but more importantly, it can closely coordinate with other combat units to form a strong overall combat capability and build an impermeable "air defense network"
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United States pays more attention to multi-level defense and rapid response capabilities, and the Patriot system and C-RAM short-range defense system complement each other, coupled with powerful electronic warfare capabilities, to build an insurmountable air defense line, and the combination of "spear" and "shield" is brought into full play
From the "ghost over Moscow" incident, we can draw such a conclusion: In future wars, the construction of the air defense system must pay more attention to flexibility, efficiency, multi-level, and systematization, strengthen the ability to respond to emerging threats such as unmanned aerial vehicles, pay attention to the development of electronic warfare technology, and pay more attention to improving the quality and tactical level of personnel
The picture comes from the Internet
The "ghost" over Moscow is not only the "Waterloo" of the S-400, but also a warning to the traditional air defense system
(To be continued)
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