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1949 was a year full of change and tragedy for China. Among these many heroic legends, the story of Huang Jingwu is undoubtedly an eternal hymn. Huang Jingwu, the son of the famous social activist Huang Yanpei, chose a different life trajectory from his father and threw himself into the torrent of struggle for the liberation of New China.
Huang Jingwu, formerly known as Huang Jingwu, was born in 1903 in Chuansha County, Jiangsu Province (now Shanghai). As Huang Yanpei's second son, under the influence of his father since childhood, he grew up in the ocean of knowledge, not only inheriting Huang Yanpei's upright quality, but also being well versed in righteousness. He has been influenced by his father's democratic ideas since he was a child, "he inherited the court training at a young age, he was upright and fatherly, and he could read and understand the righteousness."
In 1924, Huang Jingwu graduated with honors from Tsinghua University, and then went to Harvard University in United States to study economics at public expense, and he obtained a master's degree in 1929. After returning to China, he worked at the Salt Inspectorate and the Central Bank, accumulating valuable financial experience that laid a solid foundation for the later revolutionary struggle.
In 1941, Huang Jingwu joined the China Democratic Political League (later renamed the China Democratic League) and served as a member of the Organizing Committee of the Headquarters and a member of the Foreign Relations Committee, devoting himself to the Anti-Japanese Salvation Movement. In the process, he gradually came into contact with progressive ideas and began to pay attention to the revolutionary cause in China.
In November 1948, the National Democratic Construction Association (hereinafter referred to as the Democratic Construction Association) established the Shanghai Provisional Executive Committee. Before Huang Yanpei left Shanghai, he handed over the work of the "Temporary Cadre Association" to Huang Jingwu, who served as the executive secretary and presided over the underground work of the China Democratic Construction Association. Huang Jingwu, who was ordered to be in danger, first used the office of the central bank as a base for secret activities, hid the confidential documents and materials of the association, and opened up No. 153 Jianguo Middle Road as a secret liaison organ, "meeting in different places every night and working tirelessly".
In early 1949, the People's Liberation Army approached Pukou. In order to welcome the liberation of Shanghai and prevent the Kuomintang from smuggling into Taiwan the gold, silver, and dollar bills from the central bank's stockpile, Huang Jingwu took advantage of his favorable conditions of working in the central bank to collect and sort out the situation of the Kuomintang government's "four banks and two bureaus" and relevant financial information. He was bent on preserving the country's property: "If you liberate an empty city of Shanghai, how can you feed 6 million people?" He was full of hope for New China: "We must unite our friends in the business community and be ready to serve New China." ＂
Under the leadership of the underground party of the Communist Party of China, Huang Jingwu mobilized some employees of the central bank to strike and resist the movement, and exposed the smuggling conspiracy of the central bank through the industrial and commercial circles and the press, and united the financial circles to intervene, which exerted strong political pressure on the Kuomintang government and finally succeeded in sabotaging their smuggling plan. Many people in the industrial and commercial circles stayed behind under his repeated propaganda and persuasion and made contributions to the construction of New China.
However, Huang Jingwu's revolutionary activities soon attracted the attention of Kuomintang agents. On the night of May 12, 1949, several Kuomintang agents suddenly broke into Huang Jingwu's home at No. 18 Wenhua Villa, Lane 208, Shanyin Road, Shanghai, and arrested him. Huang Jingwu was taken to the former National Defense Secrecy Bureau at No. 190 South Station Road.
In order to obtain the DAB's roster and other documents, the agents tortured Huang Jingwu many times, and even pulled out all his fingernails. But Huang Jingwu always gritted his teeth and raised his eyebrows coldly. He denounced the Kuomintang spies: "You are trampling on democracy, violating human rights, and practicing fascism." After being interrogated several times, Huang Jingwu never revealed the slightest secret in order to protect his comrades and comrades-in-arms, protect the organization of the Democratic National Construction Association and the Democratic League in Shanghai, and the CCP's rebellion work.
In the early morning of May 18, 1949, just nine days before the liberation of Shanghai, 47-year-old Huang Jingwu was brutally murdered by Kuomintang agents. On June 2, the bodies of 13 people, including Huang Jingwu, were found in the prison of the Ministry of National Defense's Secrecy Bureau. It has been confirmed that Huang Jingwu was tortured before his death and eventually died.
After the liberation of Shanghai, the Shanghai Municipal People's Government posthumously recognized Huang Jingwu as a revolutionary martyr and buried him in the Chuansha Martyrs Cemetery. Huang Jingwu's father, Huang Yanpei, wrote an inscription for his son: "Every time we walk past Tiananmen Square in Beijing, we see the high Monument to the People's Heroes, and we think of you, one of the thousands of people who sacrificed their lives for the interests of the country and the people." ＂
Huang Jingwu's sacrifice is not only a personal tragedy, but also a microcosm of many revolutionaries in that era. They did not hesitate to pay with their lives for the sake of their ideals and beliefs. Huang Jingwu's deeds tell us that at a time when the country and the nation are in danger, everyone should stand up and contribute to the development of the country and the happiness of the people.
Huang Jingwu's revolutionary spirit and patriotic feelings have always inspired future generations. Huang Jingwu's son, Huang Mengfu, inherited his legacy and served as vice chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and chairman of the All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce, making significant contributions to the development of New China. In 2008, on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of Huang Jingwu's sacrifice, Huang Mengfu remembered his father in words and expressed his infinite respect for the revolutionary martyrs.
Today, in the memorial hall of Huang Yanpei's former residence in Chuansha, Shanghai, people can see an exhibition about Huang Jingwu. His deeds have been preserved forever and have become a spiritual treasure to inspire future generations. Huang Jingwu used his life to explain what true patriotism is and what is the spirit of fighting for the interests of the people.
In the new era, we cherish the memory of revolutionary martyrs like Huang Jingwu, not only to remember history, but also to inherit their spirit and inspire us to make unremitting efforts to realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation under the new historical conditions. Huang Jingwu's story tells us that everyone can become a hero of the times, as long as we have ideals, are down-to-earth, and have the courage to take responsibility.
The story of Huang Jingwu is the epitome of that difficult era, and his revolutionary spirit and patriotic feelings are like a beacon that illuminates the way forward for generation after generation. In the new era, we cherish the memory of Huang Jingwu, not only to remember the past, but also to absorb his spiritual strength, continue to serve the people, and work hard for the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. Just as Huang Yanpei expects his son, at every important juncture in history, we must not forget those heroes who sacrificed for the country and the people, and their spirit will always illuminate our progress.