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Text丨Ukiyo Qinghuan
Editor丨Ukiyo Qinghuan
A generation of Tianjiao, Genghis Khan, only knows how to bend the bow and shoot the eagle!
At the beginning of the thirteenth century, Genghis Khan set off a bloody storm on the Eurasian continent, relying on the strength of the Mongolian cavalry, repeatedly winning more with less and the weak over the strong.
When Genghis Khan went south to destroy Jin, the Battle of Yehuling was a miracle in military history, and 100,000 Mongolia elites broke 500,000 Jin troops, becoming a key step in the destruction of the Jin Dynasty.
So what is the background of the Battle of Wild Fox Ridge? How did Genghis Khan win more with less?
Wave the army to the south
The Jurchen tribe was originally only a weak ethnic group affiliated with the Liao Dynasty, and its influence in the northern region was very weak, and it was deeply oppressed by the Liao Dynasty.
Information source: "The Battle of Wild Fox Ridge: A key battle of the Jin Kingdom against Mongolia, as a result of which the main force collapsed in a battle" upstream news
After several years of war, it successfully replaced the Liao Dynasty and established the Jin Dynasty.
After all, the Jin Dynasty was a dynasty established by nomadic peoples, inferior to the Han people in governance, and adopted a high-pressure ethnic policy for a long time, targeting ethnic groups other than the Jurchens, and the Mongolia ethnic group where Genghis Khan Temujin belonged was deeply oppressed by the Jurchens, and the contradictions between the two ethnic groups became more and more deeply affected.
At that time, Mongolia had to pay tribute to the Jin Dynasty on a regular basis, even so, the rulers of the Jin Dynasty were not willing to let go of the Mongolians, and organized troops to hunt down and kill the Mongolians every 3 years, called "minus ding", in order to prevent the Mongolians from becoming bigger and stronger and threatening the rule of the Jin Dynasty.
In this context, the disparity in strength between the Jurchens and the Mongolians widened, and when Temujin unified the Mongolian tribes and was named Genghis Khan, the Jin Dynasty already had a population of 50 million, more than 40 times that of the Mongolians, and an army of more than one million, more than 10 times that of the Mongolians.
But even so, Genghis Khan was not afraid, and he also regarded the Jin Dynasty as the main opponent on his expansion path, and he really deserved to be a generation of Tianjiao, after all, the Jin Dynasty was also established by nomads, and his riding and archery skills were very strong.
However, since ancient times, wars have focused on a division to be famous, Genghis Khan attacked the Jin Dynasty, and he had to have a legitimate name to win people's hearts, and he was ready to attack in the name of avenging his ancestors.
It turned out that during the time of Jin Xizong, a Mongolian tribal leader was nailed to death on a wooden donkey by the Jin Dynasty for the crime of rebellion, and such a cruel way has aroused the strong resentment of the Mongolian people.
After everything was ready, Genghis Khan also directly had a showdown with the Jin Dynasty, not only cutting off the annual tribute that needed to be paid, but also directly leading the army southward to encroach on the territory of the Jin Dynasty step by step.
Of course, the Jin Dynasty was not idle, with the Great Wall, a natural barrier, it was very easy to resist the attack of the northern Mongolians, so in the beginning, the rulers of the Jin Dynasty did not take the Mongolians to heart, and did not allow the common people to discuss the northern war.
It was not until it was discovered that the traces of the 100,000 Mongolian army were on the border of the Great Wall, that the Jin Dynasty began to be afraid, and hurriedly transferred troops throughout the country to reinforce the Great Wall, perhaps the Jin Dynasty at that time did not expect that the Mongolian tribe, who had always bowed to themselves, really dared to send troops.
It was also because of the weakness of the Great Wall defense line at the beginning, Genghis Khan concentrated his forces to attack a little, and the speed of advance was very fast, resulting in the Jin Dynasty's defense line from point to line, almost the entire line collapsed, at this time, the Jin Dynasty generals, who had an absolute advantage in troops, made a decision that everyone did not expect.
Battle of Wild Fox Ridge
At that time, the general of the Jin Dynasty who was in charge of the war against Mongolia was Wanyan Chengyu, who commanded four or five hundred thousand Jin soldiers, and he was afraid that Genghis Khan would directly assault the Chinese army camp with his rapid mobility, so he chose to retreat to the defense line and rely on the mountain advantage to resist Genghis Khan's offensive pace in the area of Yehuling.
You must know that although the Mongolia cavalry is brave, but it lacks some large-scale siege equipment, in the face of the strong fortress of the Jin army, it is really difficult to capture, but the Jin army took the initiative to retreat to the mountains, which should have left Genghis Khan with three strong and rich cities, which greatly increased the combat enthusiasm of the Mongolia cavalry.
But who would have thought that when defending Yehuling, Yan Chengyu made the same mistake as the previous defense line, that is, dividing troops to defend multiple key points, trying to take advantage of the terrain to resist the Mongolian army with small forces, and drag down the Mongolian cavalry step by step.
But this also gave Genghis Khan an opportunity to take advantage of, he quickly gathered all the men, 100,000 Mongolia troops concentrated a little to break through, although in the mountains, the Mongolian cavalry did not have an advantage, but the number of people against the less, coupled with the strength of the Mongolian cavalry, soon made a breakthrough.
After the victory, the Mongolia cavalry took advantage of the victory to pursue and directly attacked Yan Chengyu's Chinese army camp, in this case, although the Jin army had four or five hundred thousand troops, but scattered in various steep mountains, it was impossible to mobilize in a short time, and the Mongolians had already attacked, and under the emperor, Yan Chengyu could only lead thousands of people around him to flee backwards.
Although Yan Chengyu could not be killed, the main generals of the three armies fled, causing the remaining hundreds of thousands of troops in Yehuling to collapse, and one by one they all lost the direction of attack, becoming lambs to be slaughtered by the Mongolian cavalry, only caring about escaping, and unable to organize a counteroffensive at all.
Achieved such a great result, Genghis Khan did not dare to relax and slack, he personally led the pursuers to pursue Yan Chengyu, wanted to completely wipe it out, and waited until the area of Huhe Fort, and finally caught up, but at this time Wan Yan Chengyu, in the process of escaping, there were constantly Jin Dynasty scattered soldiers to meet him, at this time there were tens of thousands of horses around him.
The Mongolian cavalry had just achieved a great victory, and the morale of the Jin soldiers was broken, the combat strength of both sides was not at the same level at all, and the Jin army did not have the advantage of troops, after several days of fierce fighting with the Mongolian cavalry, the Jin army was completely destroyed, and Yan Chengyu fled alone, so the battle of Yehuling ended with a complete victory for Mongolia.
This war was a miracle in military history, the Mongolian army fought against the Jin army of nearly 500,000 with 100,000, and the final result was that the Mongolian army suffered less than 20,000 casualties, while the Jin army suffered at least 200,000 casualties, and the rest all fled.
After the Battle of Yehuling, the situation between the strength and weakness of the Jin Dynasty and Mongolia was completely reversed, and because of the loss of the country's pastoral prison, it was difficult to organize large-scale mobile forces since then, and the Mongolia cavalry in the Central Plains could rely on the cavalry advantage to be unscrupulous.
It was also because of the invasion of foreign enemies, which led to many internal contradictions in the Jin Dynasty, which eventually led to a coup d'état, and the Jin army general Hu Shahu launched a coup d'état, murdered the emperor, and supported Jin Xuanzong to succeed to the throne, and this Jin Xuanzong was also a mediocre and incompetent person, because he was afraid of the Mongolia cavalry, insisted on moving the capital to Kaifeng, and gave the Jin Dynasty Central Capital to Genghis Khan.
In this way, Mongolia obtained a large amount of treasures, fed the war by war, and became stronger and stronger, while the Jin Dynasty collapsed and hovered on the verge of destruction, and more importantly, the Southern Song Dynasty also eyed the Jin Dynasty because of the shame of Jingkang, and chose to cooperate with the Mongolians to jointly fight against the Jin Dynasty.
Under internal and external troubles, the rule of the Jin Dynasty quickly collapsed, and in 1234 AD, it was destroyed at the hands of the Song and Mongolian alliances, and since then Mongolia has turned its spearhead and concentrated its forces to attack the Southern Song Dynasty, going further and further on the road of expansion.
epilogue
The Battle of Yehuling was the most important battle that determined the future trend of Mongolia and the Jin Kingdom, and finally Genghis Khan defeated the 500,000 army of the Jin Kingdom with 100,000 Mongolia cavalry, completely reversed the situation between the two sides, and further accelerated the demise of the Jin Dynasty.
The rise of the Mongolia Empire not only changed the political pattern of the entire Asia, but also affected the European continent, and finally established a super empire across the Eurasian continent, which made the world fearful.
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