As a form of military organization, the history of the military rank system can be traced back to ancient times, but the establishment and development of the modern military rank system, especially in China, has its specific historical background and implementation process.
However, with the outbreak of the War of Resistance Against Japan, China faced an unprecedented national crisis. During this period, in order to better organize the army and improve command efficiency, the implementation of the military rank system was considered. However, due to the complexity and variability of the war environment and the immaturity of the military command system at that time, the implementation of the military rank system was temporarily shelved.
After the end of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, China entered the period of the War of Liberation. During this period, the scale of the PLA expanded rapidly, and the organizational structure and command system of the army became increasingly complex. Although the implementation of the rank system was once again on the agenda, the implementation of the rank system was once again put on hold due to the urgency of the war and the actual situation within the army.
Until 1949, when the People's Republic of China was founded, the country entered a new historical stage. During this period, in order to strengthen the regularization and modernization of the armed forces and improve the combat effectiveness and command efficiency of the armed forces, the PLA began to study and learn from the Soviet military rank system. The Soviet military rank system was considered relatively mature and advanced at that time, and it had a significant effect on the organization and management of the army.
In the process of learning the Soviet military rank system, the PLA did not simply imitate and copy, but innovated and improved it in light of China's actual conditions. For example, in the setting of military ranks, not only the needs of the army, but also the degree of acceptance and psychological feelings of officers and soldiers are taken into account. In the promotion mechanism of military ranks, emphasis is placed not only on military quality and command ability, but also on political quality and moral quality.
Through the implementation of the military rank system, the organizational structure of the PLA has become clearer, the command system has been smoother, and the combat effectiveness of the army has been significantly improved. At the same time, the implementation of the military rank system will also help enhance the sense of honor and mission of officers and men, and enhance the cohesion and centripetal force of the army.
The implementation of the military rank system is not only a change in the form of military organization, but also an important symbol in the process of modernization of China's armed forces. It reflects the fact that on the basis of constantly studying and drawing on advanced international experience, the Chinese armed forces are actively exploring a development path suitable for themselves and constantly improving their own organizational and management standards.
With the continuous improvement and development of the military rank system, the building of the PLA has also entered a new stage. In future development, the military rank system will continue to play an important role and make greater contributions to the modernization and regularization of the armed forces and to the improvement of the overall quality and combat effectiveness of the armed forces.
In the early days of the PLA's creation, due to the profound influence of communist ideas, the military emphasized the equality of officers and soldiers and opposed any form of hierarchy and privileged ideas. This concept of equality is not only embodied in the daily life and training of the military, but also in the organizational structure and command system of the army. During this period, the PLA did not implement a military rank system, and all officers and soldiers were equal in status and treatment within the army, and there were no obvious differences in rank.
This concept of equality between officers and soldiers is of great significance to enhancing the cohesion and combat effectiveness of the armed forces. In the course of the protracted revolutionary struggle, the PLA was faced with an extremely difficult environment and severe challenges, and the concept of equality between officers and men has formed a strong unity and unity within the army, strengthened trust and support among officers and men, and enhanced the overall combat effectiveness of the army.
However, with the in-depth development of the revolutionary war, the scale of the PLA has continued to expand, and the organizational structure and command system of the army have become increasingly complex. Under such circumstances, if there is no certain hierarchy and organizational form, it will be difficult to effectively organize and manage the army and improve the command efficiency and combat effectiveness of the army. Therefore, during the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the War of Liberation, although the implementation of the military rank system was temporarily shelved, the army has begun to explore and try to establish a more scientific and rational organizational form and command system.
In this process, the PLA borrowed some experiences and practices from the Soviet Red Army, but did not simply imitate and copy them, but made innovations and improvements in light of China's actual conditions. For example, in terms of the organizational structure of the armed forces, the PLA has implemented an establishment system based on divisions, regiments, battalions, and companies, and at the same time, in the command structure of the armed forces, it has implemented a collective leadership system with party committees as the core, thus ensuring the unity and centralization of the armed forces.
In addition, the PLA has also paid attention to strengthening the political work of the armed forces, enhancing the political consciousness and revolutionary spirit of officers and men and enhancing the cohesion and combat effectiveness of the armed forces through political education and ideological work. In this process, although the military rank system has not been formally implemented, a promotion mechanism based on ability and contribution has begun to be formed within the armed forces, encouraging officers and men to be proactive and constantly improve their military quality and command ability.
Generally speaking, although the PLA did not implement the military rank system in the early days of its founding, it laid a solid foundation for the building and development of the PLA by emphasizing the equality of officers and soldiers, strengthening political work, and exploring and establishing a scientific organizational form and command system. With the in-depth development of the revolutionary war and the continuous expansion of the size of the armed forces, the implementation of the military rank system has gradually become an important means to improve the organizational and management level of the armed forces and enhance the combat effectiveness of the armed forces.
The War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression was a great national liberation war in modern Chinese history and an important part of the World Anti-Fascist War. In this war, China is facing an unprecedented national crisis and a severe test of national survival. In order to effectively organize and command the armed forces and improve the combat effectiveness and command efficiency of the armed forces, the Chinese armed forces considered implementing a military rank system during the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression.
The implementation of the military rank system is one of the important symbols of the regularization and modernization of the armed forces. It will not only help to clarify the ranks and responsibilities within the army and enhance the army's organization and discipline, but will also help enhance the sense of honor and mission of officers and men and enhance the army's cohesion and combat effectiveness. However, during the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, due to the complexity and variability of the war environment, the implementation of the military rank system faced many difficulties and challenges.
First of all, during the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, China faced an extremely severe war situation and existential pressure. The military aggression and economic plundering of the Japan aggressors brought profound disasters and suffering to China. In this case, the main task of the Chinese army is to fight the aggressor, defend the survival of the country and the nation. Therefore, the organization and command of the armed forces rely more on the revolutionary spirit and sacrificial spirit of officers and men than on strict hierarchies and organizational forms.
Second, during the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, the size of the Chinese armed forces expanded rapidly, and the organizational structure and command system of the armed forces became increasingly complex. Under such circumstances, if there is no certain hierarchy and organizational form, it will be difficult to effectively organize and manage the army and improve the command efficiency and combat effectiveness of the army. However, due to the uncertainty and variability of the war environment, the implementation of the military rank system required a relatively stable and orderly social environment and organizational foundation, which was difficult to achieve in China at that time.
Nevertheless, during the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, the Chinese army still carried out many useful explorations and attempts in terms of organization and command. For example, in order to enhance the army's combat effectiveness and command efficiency, the army has begun to implement a number of promotion mechanisms based on ability and contribution, encouraging officers and men to make positive progress and constantly improve their military quality and command ability. At the same time, the army has also strengthened political work and ideological education, enhanced the political consciousness and revolutionary spirit of officers and men, and strengthened the army's cohesion and combat effectiveness.
In general, during the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, although the implementation of the military rank system faced many difficulties and challenges, the Chinese army still carried out many useful explorations and attempts in terms of organization and command. These explorations and attempts not only accumulated valuable experience for the later implementation of the military rank system, but also laid a solid foundation for the construction and development of China's armed forces. With the changes in the war situation and the needs of national construction, the implementation of the military rank system will gradually become an important means to improve the level of organization and management of the armed forces and enhance the combat effectiveness of the armed forces.
During the War of Liberation, the People's Liberation Army (PLA) was faced with an extremely complex war environment and severe military tasks. The scale and intensity of warfare far exceeded that of any previous period, requiring the PLA to be more organized and flexible in order to respond to the rapidly changing battlefield situation. In this case, the implementation of the rank system may bring about a certain organizational rigidity and an extension of the chain of command, which will affect the army's ability to react quickly and maneuver.
In addition, during the War of Liberation, the PLA rapidly expanded in size, absorbing a large number of recruits and local armed forces. These newly recruited units are quite different from the original PLA units in terms of military quality, organization and discipline, and so on. If the military rank system is implemented in a hurry, it may cause contradictions and conflicts within the army and affect the unity and combat effectiveness of the army.
However, with the establishment of the People's Republic of China in 1949, China entered a new historical period. The political, economic, and social life of the country is faced with the task of reconstruction and development, and the building of the armed forces must also be adapted to the new national situation and security needs. Against this backdrop, the PLA has begun to re-examine the rank system and consider learning from the advanced experience of other countries.
As an important member of the socialist camp, the Soviet Union's military rank system has formed a relatively mature and perfect system after a long period of practice and development. The Soviet military rank system is characterized by clarifying the ranks and responsibilities within the army, standardizing the behavior and promotion mechanism of officers and soldiers, and improving the organization and discipline of the army. At the same time, the Soviet military rank system also emphasized the unity of political and military qualities, and embodied the class nature and advanced nature of the socialist army.
In the process of learning the Soviet military rank system, the PLA did not simply imitate and copy, but innovated and improved it in light of China's actual conditions. For example, in setting military ranks, the PLA takes into account not only the needs of the army, but also the degree of acceptance and psychological feelings of officers and soldiers. In terms of the promotion mechanism of military ranks, the PLA not only emphasizes military quality and command ability, but also pays attention to political quality and moral quality.
Through the implementation of the military rank system, the organizational structure of the PLA has become clearer, the command system has been smoother, and the combat effectiveness of the army has been significantly improved. At the same time, the implementation of the military rank system will also help enhance the sense of honor and mission of officers and men, and enhance the cohesion and centripetal force of the army. This is of great significance to the national defense construction and preparations for military struggle in the early days of New China.
The implementation of the military rank system is not only a change in the form of military organization, but also an important symbol in the process of modernization of China's armed forces. It reflects the fact that on the basis of constantly studying and drawing on advanced international experience, the Chinese armed forces are actively exploring a development path suitable for themselves and constantly improving their own organizational and management standards. With the continuous improvement and development of the military rank system, the building of the PLA has also entered a new stage. In future development, the military rank system will continue to play an important role and make greater contributions to the modernization and regularization of the armed forces and to the improvement of the overall quality and combat effectiveness of the armed forces.
The introduction and implementation of the military rank system is an important milestone in the history of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, marking a solid step forward in the regularization and modernization of the armed forces. At the end of the year, General Luo Ronghuan, then director of the General Political Department of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, put forward a proposal to make the military rank system a top priority. This proposal is based on a profound understanding of the long-term development of army building and an accurate judgment of the international situation.
Luo Ronghuan believes that the establishment of the military rank system can not only enhance the organizationalism and discipline of the army, but also enhance the sense of honor and mission of officers and men, and stimulate the internal vitality and combat effectiveness of the army. In addition, the establishment of the military rank system will also help the armed forces to international exchanges and cooperation, and enhance the status and influence of the Chinese armed forces in the international arena.
However, just as preparations for the rank system were in full swing, in June 1950, the Korean War broke out, and then the Chinese People's Volunteers crossed the Yalu River and participated in the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea. The outbreak of this war had a far-reaching impact on China's military, politics, and economy. In the grim situation of the war, the implementation of the rank system had to be put on hold again, and the attention and resources of the army were mainly focused on the needs of the war.
During the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, the Chinese army displayed extremely high combat effectiveness and sacrificial spirit, but at the same time, it also exposed some problems in the command system and organization and coordination. The existence of these problems has prompted the military leadership to further realize the importance and urgency of the military rank system. With the end of the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, the Chinese military began to re-examine the implementation of the military rank system.
In 1953, based on the need to improve command efficiency and external coordination, the Chinese military began to propose a program for awarding titles according to the Soviet military rank system. The proposal of this plan is an innovation and exploration carried out on the basis of in-depth study and reference of the Soviet military rank system and in light of the actual situation and characteristics of the Chinese armed forces. The formulation of the award plan involves many aspects such as the setting of military ranks, the promotion mechanism, and the responsibilities and authority, and is a complex system engineering.
In terms of the setting of military ranks, the Chinese armed forces have set up multiple ranks from soldiers to generals in accordance with the organizational structure and command system of the army, including private, private, corporal, sergeant, sergeant, second lieutenant, lieutenant, captain, major, lieutenant colonel, colonel, colonel, major general, lieutenant general, general, etc. The establishment of these ranks not only reflects the hierarchical system of the army, but also takes into account the needs of officers and men for growth and development.
In terms of the promotion mechanism, the Chinese armed forces emphasize the foundation of military quality and command ability, and at the same time pay attention to political quality and moral quality. The criteria and procedures for promotion are clearly defined to ensure the fairness and reasonableness of promotion. In addition, the promotion mechanism also takes into account the characteristics of different branches of the military and posts, reflecting differentiation and individualization.
In terms of duties and powers, the military rank system clarifies the responsibilities and authority of different military ranks and regulates the behavior and work of officers and men. This will not only help improve the organization and discipline of the army, but also help improve the execution and efficiency of the army.
Generally speaking, the introduction and implementation of the military rank system is a major reform in the history of China's army building. It has not only enhanced the organizationalism and combat effectiveness of the armed forces, but also strengthened the cohesion and centripetal force of the armed forces, and laid a solid foundation for the modernization and regularization of the Chinese armed forces. With the continuous improvement and development of the military rank system, China's armed forces will better meet the needs of national security and development, and make greater contributions to safeguarding national sovereignty, security, and development interests.
At the end of 1950, after a long period of war, the Chinese People's Liberation Army was in a critical period of transition from guerrilla warfare to regular warfare. Against this background, General Luo Ronghuan, then director of the General Political Department of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, with a profound strategic vision and a deep understanding of army building, put forward the establishment of military ranks as the primary task of army building. This proposal is not only a major reform of the army's internal management mechanism, but also an important attempt to enhance the army's overall combat effectiveness and international status.
General Luo Ronghuan held that the establishment of the military rank system is an important step in the regularization and modernization of the armed forces. The military rank system can clarify the ranks and responsibilities within the army, standardize the behavior and promotion mechanism of officers and soldiers, and improve the organization and discipline of the army. At the same time, the establishment of the rank system will also help enhance the sense of honor and mission of officers and men, and stimulate the internal vitality and combat effectiveness of the army. In addition, the establishment of the military rank system will also help the armed forces to international exchanges and cooperation, and enhance the status and influence of the Chinese armed forces in the international arena.
On the basis of an in-depth analysis of the actual situation and characteristics of the Chinese armed forces, the research group extensively drew on the experience of the military rank system of the Soviet Union and other countries, and systematically designed and planned the establishment of the military rank system, the promotion mechanism, and the responsibilities and authority. In terms of the setting of military ranks, the research group has set up multiple ranks from soldiers to generals in accordance with the organizational structure and command system of the armed forces, so as to meet the needs of different branches and posts.
In terms of the promotion mechanism, the research group emphasizes the foundation of military quality and command ability, and pays attention to political quality and moral quality. The criteria and procedures for promotion are clearly defined to ensure the fairness and reasonableness of promotion. In addition, the promotion mechanism also takes into account the characteristics of different branches of the military and posts, reflecting differentiation and individualization.
In terms of duties and powers, the study group clarified the responsibilities and powers of different military ranks and standardized the behavior and work of officers and men. This will not only help improve the organization and discipline of the army, but also help improve the execution and efficiency of the army.
However, the establishment of the rank system was not without its challenges. In June of that year, the Korean War broke out, and then the Chinese People's Volunteers crossed the Yalu River and participated in the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea. The outbreak of this war had a far-reaching impact on China's military, politics, and economy. In the grim situation of the war, the implementation of the rank system had to be put on hold for the time being, and the army's attention and resources were mainly focused on the needs of the war.
Nevertheless, the study and preparation of the military rank system did not completely stop. During the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, the Chinese armed forces accumulated valuable experience in actual combat and gained a deeper understanding of the establishment and improvement of the rank system. After the end of the war, the study and preparation of the military rank system was put back on the agenda, laying a solid foundation for the eventual implementation of the military rank system.
The establishment of the military rank system is a major reform in the history of China's army building. It has not only enhanced the organizationalism and combat effectiveness of the armed forces, but also strengthened the cohesion and centripetal force of the armed forces, and laid a solid foundation for the modernization and regularization of the Chinese armed forces. With the continuous improvement and development of the military rank system, China's armed forces will better meet the needs of national security and development, and make greater contributions to safeguarding national sovereignty, security, and development interests.
The outbreak of the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea was both a severe test and an important historical opportunity for the Chinese People's Liberation Army. In June of that year, the Korean War broke out, and soon after, the Chinese People's Volunteers crossed the Yalu River at the request of the North Korean government and participated in the war. Under the urgent situation of the war, the reform of the military rank system, which had already been put on the agenda, had to be put on hold for the time being in order to concentrate on meeting the needs of the war.
The shelving of the military rank system was not because it was unimportant, but because the international situation and domestic tasks at that time required the PLA to devote its main energy to the war. The War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea was a war of huge scale and far-reaching impact, which not only had a bearing on the survival of the DPRK but also on the national security and international status of New China. In this case, the implementation of the rank system had to give way to the urgent needs of war.
However, the shelving of the rank system does not mean that it is completely abandoned or ignored. During the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, the People's Liberation Army (PLA) accumulated valuable experience in actual combat and gained a deeper understanding of the establishment and improvement of the military rank system. The practice of war has proved that the military rank system plays an important role in improving the organization, discipline, and combat effectiveness of the army. In particular, in the command system, troop coordination, and service coordination, the military rank system can clarify responsibilities, standardize behavior, and improve command efficiency.
During the war, the command system and organizational structure of the PLA underwent severe tests. Due to the lack of a clear system of military ranks, coordination and command among troops can sometimes be chaotic, affecting the efficiency and effectiveness of combat. The emergence of these problems further highlights the importance and necessity of the military rank system. Therefore, although the reform of the military rank system was shelved, its research and preparation work did not completely stop, but continued to accumulate experience in the practice of war, which provided an important reference and reference for the reform of the military rank system after the war.
After the end of the war, with the changes in the international situation and the adjustment of domestic tasks, the reform of the military rank system was once again put on the agenda. In the same year, based on the need to improve command efficiency and external coordination, the Chinese army began to propose a program for awarding titles according to the Soviet military rank system. The proposal of this plan is an innovation and exploration carried out on the basis of in-depth study and reference of the Soviet military rank system and in light of the actual situation and characteristics of the Chinese armed forces.
The formulation of the award plan involves many aspects such as the setting of military ranks, the promotion mechanism, and the responsibilities and authority, and is a complex system engineering. In terms of the setting of military ranks, the Chinese armed forces have set up multiple ranks from soldiers to generals in accordance with the organizational structure and command system of the army. In terms of the promotion mechanism, emphasis is placed on the basis of military quality and command ability, and at the same time attention is paid to political quality and moral quality. In terms of duties and powers, the responsibilities and powers of different military ranks have been clarified, and the behavior and work of officers and men have been standardized.
The establishment of the military rank system is not only a major reform of the army's internal management mechanism, but also an important attempt to enhance the army's overall combat effectiveness and international status. With the continuous improvement and development of the military rank system, China's armed forces will better meet the needs of national security and development, and make greater contributions to safeguarding national sovereignty, security, and development interests. The establishment of the military rank system will lay a solid foundation for the modernization and regularization of China's armed forces and open a new chapter in China's military building.
In 1953, as the smoke of the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea gradually dissipated, the Chinese People's Liberation Army began to focus on the long-term development and modernization of the armed forces while summing up the experience of the war. In this year, in view of the urgent need to improve command efficiency and external coordination, the Chinese armed forces began to formulate a plan for awarding military ranks, with a view to further standardizing the organizational structure of the armed forces, clarifying the responsibilities and powers of officers and men, and enhancing the overall combat effectiveness of the armed forces through the establishment of the military rank system.
In the process of formulating the program for awarding ranks, the Chinese military extensively borrowed from the Soviet military rank system. As an important member of the socialist camp, the Soviet Union's military rank system has formed a relatively mature and perfect system after a long period of practice and development. On the basis of learning from and drawing on the experience of the Soviet Union, the Chinese armed forces have made innovations and improvements in light of their own actual conditions, so as to ensure that the military rank system not only conforms to international standards, but also has Chinese characteristics.
The formulation of the award plan first starts with the setting of military ranks. In accordance with the organizational structure and command system of the armed forces, the Chinese armed forces have set up multiple ranks from soldiers to generals, including private, private, corporal, sergeant, sergeant, second lieutenant, lieutenant, captain, major, lieutenant colonel, colonel, colonel, major general, lieutenant general, general, general, etc. The establishment of these ranks not only reflects the hierarchical system of the army, but also takes into account the needs of officers and men for growth and development.
In terms of the promotion mechanism, the award program emphasizes the foundation of military quality and command ability, and also pays attention to political quality and moral quality. The criteria and procedures for promotion are clearly defined to ensure the fairness and reasonableness of promotion. In addition, the promotion mechanism also takes into account the characteristics of different branches of the military and posts, reflecting differentiation and individualization.
In terms of duties and powers, the program clarifies the responsibilities and powers of different military ranks and regulates the behavior and work of officers and men. This will not only help improve the organization and discipline of the army, but also help improve the execution and efficiency of the army. Through the establishment of the rank system, officers and men have a clearer understanding of their duties and authority, and are able to more consciously observe discipline and carry out orders.
In addition, the award programme places special emphasis on the role of the rank system in external coordination. With the gradual improvement of the international status of the People's Republic of China, exchanges and cooperation between the Chinese armed forces and the militaries of other countries have become increasingly frequent. The establishment of the military rank system will help clarify the identity in international exchanges, promote communication and coordination, and improve the international image of the Chinese military.
In the process of implementation, the Chinese military has adopted a step-by-step strategy, starting with senior officers and gradually extending their ranks to middle and lower ranks officers and soldiers. This strategy not only ensures a smooth transition of the rank system, but also enables timely detection and resolution of problems that arise during implementation.
Overall, the 1953 award scheme was a major reform in the history of China's military construction. It has not only enhanced the organizationalism and combat effectiveness of the armed forces, but also strengthened the cohesion and centripetal force of the armed forces, and laid a solid foundation for the modernization and regularization of the Chinese armed forces. With the continuous improvement and development of the military rank system, China's armed forces will better meet the needs of national security and development, and make greater contributions to safeguarding national sovereignty, security, and development interests. The establishment of the military rank system will open a new chapter in China's army building and inject new vitality into the future development of China's armed forces.
The War of Liberation was a large-scale and far-reaching war in Chinese history, which not only marked China's transformation from an old society to a new society, but also laid the foundation for the regularization and modernization of the Chinese People's Liberation Army. In this war, the chiefs of staff of the five major field armies played an important role in strategic decision-making and campaign command with their outstanding military ability and strategic vision.
These five major field armies were the East China Field Army, the Northeast Field Army, the North China Field Army, the Northwest Field Army, and the Central Plains Field Army, which played a pivotal role in the War of Liberation. The chief of staff of each field army is a military commander who has been rigorously selected and experienced, and they are responsible for assisting the chief of the field army in formulating operational plans, organizing and directing combat operations, and analyzing and summarizing the results of operations during the war.
The chief of staff of the East China Field Army was Zhang Zhen, who made great contributions to the victory of the East China Battlefield with his keen battlefield insight and rigorous combat style. The chief of staff of the Northeast Field Army was Liu Yalou, who strategized on the Northeast Battlefield and made important contributions to the victory of the Northeast Liberation War. The chief of staff of the North China Field Army was Zhao Erlu, who played a key role in many campaigns in North China. The chief of staff of the Northwest Field Army was Yan Kuyao, whose outstanding command on the Northwest Battlefield made great achievements in the liberation of the Northwest Region. The chief of staff of the Central Plains Field Army was Li Da, whose exquisite layout and command on the Central Plains battlefield made indelible contributions to the liberation of the Central Plains.
In 1955, the People's Republic of China conferred military ranks for the first time, which was an affirmation and commendation of the contributions made by PLA officers and soldiers in the long revolutionary war. In this award, except for Zhang Zhen, the chiefs of staff of the other four major field armies were all awarded the rank of general. The awarding of this military rank is not only a recognition of their individual military talents and contributions, but also an affirmation of the important role played by the entire staff team in the war of liberation.
Although Zhang Zhen was not awarded the rank of general in 1955, he continued to play an important role in his later military career, and was awarded the rank of general in 1988. His military talents and contributions to army building have likewise been highly praised by the state and the people.
The contributions of these chiefs of staff in the War of Liberation are an indelible part of the history of the PLA. Their military wisdom, command art, and revolutionary spirit have set a glorious example for the construction and development of the PLA. Their deeds and experiences also provided valuable learning and reference for later military commanders.
During the War of Liberation, the chiefs of staff of the five major field armies made indelible contributions to the founding of New China and the building of the people's army with their outstanding military talents and strategic vision. Their names and deeds will forever be remembered in the glorious history of the People's Liberation Army (PLA) and have inspired generation after generation of military commanders to contribute to the country's security and development. With the establishment and development of the military rank system, the contributions and spirit of these chiefs of staff will continue to be inherited and carried forward in the people's army, providing a powerful spiritual motive force and intellectual support for the modernization of the Chinese armed forces.
The War of Liberation was a great revolutionary war in Chinese history, which not only ended the rule of the Kuomintang government, but also laid a solid foundation for the founding of New China. In this magnificent war, the five major field armies of the Chinese People's Liberation Army played a decisive role. Among the five major field armies, the chiefs of staff have played a vital role in strategic decision-making and campaign command with their outstanding military ability and strategic vision.
Zhang Zhen, chief of staff of the East China Field Army, made great contributions to the victory of the East China Battlefield with his profound military qualities and keen battlefield insight. He not only had unique insights in campaign planning, but was also able to accurately grasp the fighters and mobilize and coordinate the troops in actual command, and won a series of important victories.
Liu Yalou, chief of staff of the Northeast Field Army, made important contributions to the victory of the Northeast Liberation War with his outstanding organizational ability and strategic vision. On the battlefield in Northeast China, he strategized and meticulously planned many major battles, providing strong support for the PLA's strategic deployment and campaign implementation in Northeast China.
Zhao Erlu, chief of staff of the North China Field Army, played a key role in many battles in North China with his steady command style and rich combat experience. In planning and commanding the campaign, he always adhered to the principle of seeking truth from facts, flexibly adjusted his tactics according to the changes in the battlefield situation, and ensured the victory of the campaign.
Yan Kuyao, chief of staff of the Northwest Field Army, made great achievements in the liberation of the northwest region with his bold policy decisions and exquisite tactical arrangements and outstanding command on the northwest battlefield. He was good at grasping the enemy's weaknesses on the battlefield and formulating a highly targeted and effective battle plan, which made great contributions to the victory in the northwest battlefield.
Li Da, chief of staff of the Central Plains Field Army, with his exquisite layout and command, made indelible contributions to the liberation of the Central Plains on the Central Plains battlefield. In the planning and command of the campaign, he always adhered to the guidance of the strategic thinking of the people's war, gave full play to the advantages of the People's Liberation Army in the people's war, and won a series of important victories.
The contributions of these five chiefs of staff in the War of Liberation are an indelible part of the history of the PLA. Their military wisdom, command art, and revolutionary spirit have set a glorious example for the construction and development of the PLA. Their deeds and experiences also provided valuable learning and reference for later military commanders.
In 1955, the People's Republic of China conferred military ranks for the first time, which was an affirmation and commendation of the contributions made by PLA officers and soldiers in the long revolutionary war. This award is not only a recognition of an individual's military talent and contributions, but also an affirmation of the important role played by the entire army in war and construction. In this award, the chiefs of staff of the five major field armies during the War of Liberation received special honors for their outstanding performance and important contributions in the war.
With the exception of Zhang Zhen, the other four chiefs of staff were all awarded the rank of general. The awarding of this military rank reflects their important position and role in the Chinese Revolutionary War. Liu Yalou, Zhao Erlu, Yan Kuyao, and Li Da, the four chiefs of staff, made great contributions to the victory of the People's Liberation Army in the War of Liberation, and their military ability and command art provided valuable learning and reference for later military commanders.
As chief of staff of the Northeast Field Army, Liu Yalou's military talent and strategic vision have been fully embodied in the Northeast Battlefield. He meticulously planned and organized many major battles and made decisive contributions to the victory of the Northeast Liberation War. His military wisdom and command skills provided strong support for the PLA's strategic deployment and campaign implementation in the northeast.
As the chief of staff of the North China Field Army, Zhao Erlu's steady command style and rich combat experience played a key role in many battles in North China. In planning and commanding the campaign, he always adhered to the principle of seeking truth from facts, flexibly adjusted his tactics according to the changes in the battlefield situation, and ensured the victory of the campaign.
As chief of staff of the Northwest Field Army, Yan Kuang's bold decision-making, exquisite tactical arrangements, and outstanding command in the northwest battlefield made great achievements in the liberation of the northwest region. He was good at grasping the enemy's weaknesses on the battlefield and formulating a highly targeted and effective battle plan, which made great contributions to the victory in the northwest battlefield.
As the chief of staff of the Central Plains Field Army, Li Da's exquisite layout and command made indelible contributions to the liberation of the Central Plains on the Central Plains battlefield. In the planning and command of the campaign, he always adhered to the guidance of the strategic thinking of the people's war, gave full play to the advantages of the People's Liberation Army in the people's war, and won a series of important victories.
The contributions and spirit of these chiefs of staff will continue to be inherited and carried forward in the people's army, providing a powerful spiritual motive force and intellectual support for the modernization of China's armed forces. Their deeds and experiences will forever be remembered in the glorious history of the People's Liberation Army (PLA) and have inspired generation after generation of military commanders to contribute to the country's security and development. With the establishment and development of the military rank system, the contributions and spirit of these chiefs of staff will continue to be inherited and carried forward in the people's army, providing a powerful spiritual motive force and intellectual support for the modernization of the Chinese armed forces.
In 1955, the People's Republic of China conducted the first military rank assessment in the history of the army, and this rank assessment was an important milestone in the regularization of the Chinese People's Liberation Army. The formulation of the military rank evaluation standard aims to systematically classify commanders at all levels in the military to reflect their responsibilities, status and contributions in the army. According to the regulations at that time, cadres at the level of regular corps could be rated as generals, while cadres at the rank of deputy corps or quasi-corps could be rated as lieutenant generals.
Zhang Zhen, as the chief of staff of the East China Field Army, although he played an important role in the Liberation War, was awarded the rank of lieutenant general in the 1955 military rank evaluation because he did not hold the position of commander at the corps level. This is not a denial of his military talent and contributions, but an assessment that is carried out in strict accordance with the criteria for the evaluation of military ranks. Zhang Zhen's military career was full of brilliance, and his military talent and contributions to army building were highly praised by the country and the people.
Unlike Zhang Zhen's situation, the chiefs of staff of the other four major field armies, such as Liu Yalou, Zhao Erlu, Yan Kuyao, Li Da, and others, were awarded the rank of general in the 1955 military rank evaluation because they had served as commanders at the corps level during the War of Liberation and because they had rich military experience and outstanding command ability. The conferment of this rank is not only a recognition of their contributions to the War of Liberation, but also an affirmation of the important role they played in the building and development of the armed forces.
The outstanding performance of these chiefs of staff in the War of Liberation has demonstrated their profound military qualities and superb command art. They played a key role in strategic decision-making and campaign command, and made great contributions to the victory of the PLA. Their military wisdom, command art, and revolutionary spirit have set a glorious example for the construction and development of the PLA.
The formulation and implementation of the criteria for evaluating military ranks is of great significance to improving the organization, discipline, and combat effectiveness of the armed forces. It not only clarifies the ranks and responsibilities within the armed forces and standardizes the behavior and promotion mechanisms of officers and men, but also enhances the sense of honor and mission of officers and men, and stimulates the internal vitality and combat effectiveness of the armed forces. The implementation of the military rank evaluation standards is also conducive to the international exchanges and cooperation of the armed forces and enhances the international image of the Chinese armed forces.
With the establishment and development of the military rank system, the contributions and spirit of these chiefs of staff will continue to be inherited and carried forward in the people's army, providing a powerful spiritual motive force and intellectual support for the modernization of the Chinese armed forces. Their deeds and experiences will forever be remembered in the glorious history of the People's Liberation Army (PLA) and have inspired generation after generation of military commanders to contribute to the country's security and development. The establishment of the military rank system will open a new chapter in China's army building and inject new vitality into the future development of China's armed forces.
In 1955, New China conducted the first military rank assessment, which was a major event in the history of the Chinese People's Liberation Army. The formulation of the criteria for evaluating military ranks reflects the great importance attached to the regularization and modernization of the armed forces, and is also an affirmation of the contributions made by commanders at all levels of the armed forces in the long-term revolutionary struggle. According to the military rank evaluation standards at that time, cadres at the corps level could be rated as generals, and cadres at the deputy corps or quasi-corps level could be rated as lieutenant generals. The establishment of this evaluation system provides clear guidance for the military's hierarchy and promotion mechanism.
As an important leading force in the army, cadres at the corps level are usually responsible for directing large-scale military operations, and have rich experience in actual combat and excellent command ability. They play a pivotal role in the armed forces and play a vital role in the building and development of the armed forces. Therefore, the appraisal of cadres at the corps level as generals not only reflects the recognition of their personal abilities and contributions, but also helps to further consolidate their leadership position in the army and improve the organization's and combat effectiveness.
Although cadres at the deputy corps or quasi-corps level are slightly lower than those at the regular corps level in terms of their positions, they also have a high level of military quality and command ability. Their duties and role in the army cannot be ignored either. Appointing cadres at the rank of deputy corps or quasi-corps to lieutenant generals is not only an affirmation of their contributions to the building and development of the armed forces, but also a recognition of their military ability and commanding art.
The implementation of the standards for evaluating military ranks is of great significance to improving the organization, discipline, and combat effectiveness of the military. It not only clarifies the ranks and responsibilities within the armed forces and standardizes the behavior and promotion mechanisms of officers and men, but also enhances the sense of honor and mission of officers and men, and stimulates the internal vitality and combat effectiveness of the armed forces. The implementation of the military rank evaluation standards is also conducive to the international exchanges and cooperation of the armed forces and enhances the international image of the Chinese armed forces.
In the 1955 military rank evaluation, many generals who made outstanding military achievements in the War of Liberation and the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea were awarded corresponding military ranks according to their positions and qualifications. The military ranks of these generals are not only a recognition of their personal military talents and contributions, but also an affirmation of the important role they have played in the building and development of the armed forces.
However, the evaluation of military ranks is not static, and it needs to be adjusted and updated in a timely manner according to the needs of military construction and development, as well as the actual performance and contribution of individuals. With the continuous deepening of army building and the continuous advancement of military reform, the criteria for evaluating military ranks will also be constantly improved and developed to better meet the needs of army building and development.
In short, the formulation and implementation of the military rank evaluation standards in 1955 was an important milestone in the regularization and modernization of the Chinese People's Liberation Army. It not only embodies the affirmation of the contributions made by commanders at all levels of the armed forces in the long-term revolutionary struggle, but also provides clear guidance for the hierarchical system and promotion mechanism of the armed forces. With the establishment and development of the military rank system, the organization, discipline, and combat effectiveness of the Chinese armed forces will be further enhanced, and new and greater contributions will be made to safeguarding national sovereignty, security, and development interests and to realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.
In the history of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, the 1955 military rank assessment is a landmark event, which marks an important step in the regularization of the Chinese army. In this rank evaluation, Zhang Zhen was awarded the rank of lieutenant general, while several other chiefs of staff of the field army were awarded the rank of general. This evaluation result not only reflects the fairness of the military rank evaluation criteria, but also reflects the different experiences and contributions of the generals in their military careers.
Zhang Zhen, as chief of staff of the East China Field Army, played an important role in the War of Liberation. His military talent, strategic vision, and command art were fully displayed on the battlefield in East China. However, since he had never held the position of commander at the corps level, he was awarded the rank of lieutenant general according to the standards of the military rank at that time. This evaluation result is not a denial of his military talent and contributions, but an evaluation that is carried out in strict accordance with the evaluation criteria. Zhang Zhen's military career was full of brilliance, and his military talent and contributions to army building were highly praised by the country and the people. Later, Zhang Zhen was promoted to the rank of general in 1988, which further proved his military talent and important contribution to army building.
Unlike Zhang Zhen's situation, several other chiefs of staff of the field army, such as Liu Yalou, Zhao Erlu, Yan Kuyao, Li Da, and others, served as commanders at the corps level during the War of Liberation and had rich military experience and outstanding command ability. They played a key role in strategic decision-making and campaign command, and made great contributions to the victory of the PLA. Therefore, according to the standards for the evaluation of military ranks at that time, they were awarded the rank of general. The conferment of this rank is not only a recognition of their contributions to the War of Liberation, but also an affirmation of the important role they played in the building and development of the armed forces.
In the process of evaluating military ranks, in addition to the qualifications and positions of the generals, various factors such as their military ability, command art, combat exploits, and contributions to army building are also comprehensively considered. This method of comprehensive evaluation not only embodies the fairness and rationality of the evaluation of military ranks, but also helps to select and train more outstanding military personnel and promote the building and development of the armed forces.
With the establishment and development of the military rank system, the contributions and spirit of Zhang Zhen and other chiefs of staff will continue to be inherited and carried forward in the people's army, providing a strong spiritual impetus and intellectual support for the modernization of the Chinese army. Their deeds and experiences will forever be remembered in the glorious history of the People's Liberation Army (PLA) and have inspired generation after generation of military commanders to contribute to the country's security and development. The establishment of the military rank system will open a new chapter in China's army building and inject new vitality into the future development of China's armed forces.
In the history of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, chief of staff is an extremely important position, especially during the Liberation War, chiefs of staff played a pivotal role in the military command system. However, according to the order of duties in the army at that time, the post of chief of staff was in some cases lower than that of the commander of the military system at the next level. To a certain extent, this situation reflected the characteristics and actual needs of the organizational structure of the armed forces at that time.
During the War of Liberation, the chiefs of staff were not only responsible for formulating and implementing operational plans, but also coordinating the coordination between various units to ensure the smooth conduct of combat operations. Their work is heavy and complex, and the demands on military talent and command art are extremely high. Despite the fact that the position of chief of staff is in some cases lower than that of the commander of the military system at the next level, their contribution and role in the war are irreplaceable.
General Zhao Erlu, as chief of staff of the North China Field Army, played an important role in the War of Liberation. He displayed outstanding military talent and command art in strategic decision-making and campaign command, and made great contributions to the victory in the North China battlefield. However, in the 1955 military rank evaluation, General Zhao Erlu showed a humble attitude towards the rank of general conferred, and he took the initiative to resign this honor, reflecting his indifference to honor and his deep nostalgia and respect for the martyrs.
This attitude of General Zhao Erlu was not only a manifestation of personal morality, but also a common concept of honor within the army at that time. During that special period, many military commanders regarded honor as a collective honor and the common honor of all comrades who fought and sacrificed for the revolutionary cause. They believe that military rank and honor are not only a recognition of personal contributions, but also respect for the entire army and the revolutionary cause.
Admiral Zhao Erlu's act of resignation, as well as his humble attitude towards honor, had a profound impact at the time. It not only embodies the noble character of a high-ranking general, but also inspires later military commanders to establish a correct concept of honor and closely link personal honor with the honor of the army and the country.
Over time, this particular concept of honor has gradually become an important part of the army's culture. It is not only reflected in the evaluation of military ranks, but also plays an important role in the daily management and training of the army. Under the influence of this culture, chiefs of staff and other military commanders have paid more attention to teamwork, cherished collective honor even more, and made greater contributions to the building and development of the armed forces.
Today, we look back on this period of history, not only to commemorate the martyrs who made great sacrifices for the independence of the country and the liberation of the people, but also to inherit and carry forward this special concept of honor. It will continue to inspire generation after generation of military commanders to make unremitting efforts to safeguard national security and world peace and to realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.
During the Liberation War, the organizational structure and command system of the Chinese People's Liberation Army were in constant development and change. In this particular historical period, the post of chief of staff was in some cases lower than that of the commander of the military system at the next level. The emergence of this situation was closely related to the urgency of the war environment at that time, the particularity of the organizational structure of the armed forces, and the actual needs of military command.
First of all, during the War of Liberation, the complex and ever-changing war situation required the army to be able to respond and adjust quickly. Under such circumstances, chiefs of staff are important players in the military command system, and their main task is to assist the military commander-in-chief in formulating operational plans, organizing and directing combat operations, and analyzing and summarizing the results of operations. However, due to the urgency and peculiarities of war, the post of chief of staff in some cases is not as directly involved in combat command as the military commander at the front, so it may appear slightly lower in the order of duties.
Second, during the Liberation War, the organizational structure of the Chinese People's Liberation Army was not perfect enough, especially in some newly established corps or units, and the positions and responsibilities of the chief of staff were not clear enough. In this case, the post of chief of staff may be somewhat limited, and the position of the commander of the military system at the next level may appear more important due to his direct involvement in the combat command.
However, this does not mean that the role and contribution of the chief of staff is ignored or belittled. In fact, the chief of staff played a crucial role in the war of liberation. With their profound military qualities, rich experience in actual combat, and outstanding command art, they made great contributions to the victory of the war. The chiefs of staff have played a key role in strategic decision-making, campaign command, troop deployment, and logistical support, and have provided strong support for the PLA's strategic deployment and campaign implementation.
General Zhao Erlu, as chief of staff of the North China Field Army, is a typical example. He played an important role in the War of Liberation and made great achievements for the victory in the North China Battlefield. However, in the 1955 military rank evaluation, General Zhao Erlu showed a humble attitude towards the rank of general conferred, and he took the initiative to resign this honor, reflecting his indifference to honor and his deep nostalgia and respect for the martyrs.
In short, during the War of Liberation, although the position of chief of staff was in some cases lower than that of the commander of the military system at the next level, their contribution and role in the war were irreplaceable. With their outstanding military ability and command skills, the chiefs of staff made great contributions to the victory of the PLA. With the passage of time, this special job sequence and concept of honor have gradually become an important part of the military culture, inspiring generations of military commanders to contribute to the security and development of the country.