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The Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC) will be held in Beijing, focusing on the issue of further deepening reform in an all-round way and promoting Chinese-style modernization. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, under the strong leadership of the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at the core, China's reform has made all-round efforts, made breakthroughs at multiple points, made steady and in-depth progress, basically established the basic institutional framework in various fields, and achieved historic changes, systematic reshaping and overall reconstruction in many fields, creating a new situation in the mainland's reform and opening up. From today, "Focus Interview" will launch a series of programs - "The Great Historical Change", focusing on the comprehensive and in-depth reform of the report card.
Heaven, sea, communication...... The engine of innovation in these areas is running at full speed
Innovation is the life of reform and opening up. In the new era, General Secretary Xi Jinping has always put innovation at the core of the country's overall development. The domestically produced C919 large aircraft is one of the important achievements of the mainland's continuous independent innovation in the field of science and technology under the guidance of the new development concept.
On June 14, the domestic large aircraft C919 added a new route. On the morning of the same day, China Eastern Airlines C919 passenger plane carried 162 passengers from Shanghai Hongqiao Airport to Guangzhou Baiyun Airport, officially opening the fourth commercial regular route.
Let China's large aircraft soar in the blue sky, carrying the will of the country, the dream of the nation and the expectations of the people. General Secretary Xi Jinping attaches great importance to it and has made many important instructions, and in May 2014, during his inspection in Shanghai, he also boarded the demonstration prototype.
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△ Data screen: In May 2014, Xi Jinping inspected Shanghai.
Xi Jinping: In the past, the logic was that it was better to buy than to build, and it was better to rent than to buy, but now we have to reverse it, we must first spend more money to develop and manufacture our own aircraft, so as to form our ability to be independent.
The successful development of the C919 large passenger aircraft is a major achievement of China's innovation-driven strategy. Over the past ten years, we have adhered to independent innovation and overcome more than 100 major technical difficulties. At present, researchers are still carrying out new research.
Ma Xianchao, chief designer of the basic type of C919 large passenger aircraft: We must continue to accept feedback from the market and customers, we must continue to improve and optimize the aircraft, and accelerate the serial development of the C919 large passenger aircraft, such as the C919 prototype we are studying, there are also many technical challenges. The pinnacle of science and technology in the world, we must all climb bravely.
Not only domestic large aircraft, but also good news from the lunar exploration project recently, Chang'e-6 achieved the world's first automatic sample return on the far side of the moon, once again setting a world record for China's aerospace. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the mainland's scientific and technological innovation strength has moved from quantitative accumulation to qualitative leap, and some fields have shifted from "following" to "running" and even "leading".
Pan Jiaofeng, President and Researcher of the Institute of Science and Technology Strategy Consulting, Chinese Academy of Sciences: Fields such as new energy intelligent networked vehicles, 5G communications, and high-speed rail are still in a leading position in the world. Behind these major achievements, it really highlights that our innovation has become a universal consensus in society. It is precisely because of this consensus that we have made drastic changes in the field of science and technology over the past decade.
How important is the guidance of the development concept? More than a decade ago, China was at an important historical juncture: after decades of rapid development, economic growth began to decline, extensive development was unsustainable, and new momentum was insufficient. In the face of a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation, General Secretary Xi Jinping keenly grasped the general trend and proposed that "innovation must be the first driving force to lead development", and China has entered a new stage of innovation-driven development.
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△ Data screen: On November 9, 2014, Xi Jinping attended the APEC Business Leaders Summit.
Xi Jinping: If innovation is the new engine of China's development, then reform is an indispensable ignition. More effective measures should be taken to get the engine of innovation running at full speed.
Give full play to the advantages of the new national system and tackle key core technologies
Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, General Secretary Xi Jinping has taken the reform of the scientific and technological system as the focus of comprehensively deepening reform, and deployed and promoted a series of major scientific and technological development and reform measures.
Liu Dongmei, Secretary of the Party Committee and Researcher of the Chinese Academy of Science and Technology Development Strategy: The reform of the scientific and technological system has always been problem-oriented, that is, to break down all institutional and institutional obstacles that restrict innovation and development. In the past, we took the road of "introducing, digesting, absorbing and re-innovating", our original innovation ability was insufficient, the overall ability of our innovation system was not strong enough, and the key core technology was controlled by others, and there was a risk of being "stuck".
At the beginning of the construction of the Beidou project on the mainland, the "spaceborne atomic clock", the core component of the navigation satellite, was controlled by people. At that time, the technology was monopolized by a few countries, while the mainland was restricted from purchasing from abroad.
Some of the key core technologies "cannot be bought", and the problem encountered by the mainland's first all-sea deep-sea manned submersible, the "Struggler", is that it "cannot be bought". At the beginning, no one could provide the titanium alloy materials needed to manufacture the manned capsule.
Yang Rui, researcher at the Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences: In fact, there are three, one is to improve the strength, toughness and weldability to be guaranteed. You can do it without any of these three conditions, but you can't do all three at the same time, and you don't have it in the whole world. If you can't do this, you can't do it with a 10,000-meter submersible.
Practice has repeatedly told us that key core technologies cannot be bought, bought, or bought. General Secretary Xi Jinping stressed that "only by mastering key core technologies in our own hands can we fundamentally guarantee national economic security, national defense security and other security". Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the mainland has adhered to the road of independent innovation, continuously improved the new national system, optimized the innovation ecology, and fought a tough battle for key core technologies.
Liu Dongmei, Secretary of the Party Committee and Researcher of the Chinese Academy of Science and Technology Development Strategy: In terms of the reform of science and technology projects, for example, we have implemented the "horse racing system" and implemented new management mechanisms such as "unveiling the leader", the most prominent of which is the construction of a new national system of key core technologies under the conditions of the socialist market economy, mainly to give play to the leadership and organizational role of the party and the government in major tasks.
Pan Jiaofeng, President and Researcher of the Institute of Science and Technology Strategy Consulting, Chinese Academy of Sciences: Why is it called a new national system? On the one hand, it is necessary to tackle key problems and solve problems; On the other hand, it is necessary to turn it around and form the competitiveness of the industrial market.
The Fourth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China proposed to build a new national system for tackling key core technologies under the conditions of the socialist market economy. Compared with the previous national system, the new national system has further innovated, strengthened the leadership of the party and the state over major scientific and technological innovations, and at the same time gave full play to the role of the market mechanism, organically combined the government, the market and the society to form a joint force of collaborative innovation.
"Chang'e" lunar exploration, "Shenzhou" flight, Beidou global networking, "Struggler" 10,000-meter deep diving ...... Since the beginning of the new era, the mainland has overcome a series of core technological difficulties by giving full play to the advantages of the new national system, and major scientific and technological innovation achievements have been emerging. When talking about how to overcome the problem of titanium alloy materials, the R&D personnel of the "Struggler" also mentioned a key - basic research.
Yang Rui, researcher at the Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences: Through in-depth basic research, we have discovered some new principles, making titanium alloy materials truly world-leading.
Historically, every round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation has started with a major breakthrough in basic research. However, for a long time in the past, the mainland's basic research capacity was relatively weak, and there were shortcomings such as insufficient investment and few major original innovation achievements. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: "The root cause of many 'stuck' technical problems faced by the mainland is that basic theoretical research cannot keep up, and the source and underlying things are not clear. ”
Since the beginning of the new era, the mainland has continuously strengthened the top-level design and system layout of basic research, optimized the original innovation environment, strengthened the cultivation of basic research talents, and strived to achieve more breakthroughs from "0 to 1".
From 2012 to 2023, the investment in basic research increased from 49.9 billion yuan to 221.2 billion yuan, and the proportion of basic research investment exceeded 6% for five consecutive years.
"Tianwen-1" opened the Mars exploration, the 76-photon quantum computing prototype "Chapter 9" came out, and the first full artificial synthesis of starch was realized...... Over the years, the vast number of scientific and technological workers have been willing to sit on the "cold bench", bravely enter the "no man's land", and have made a number of original major scientific and technological achievements.
Pan Jiaofeng, President and Researcher of the Institute of Science and Technology Strategy Consulting, Chinese Academy of Sciences: For basic research, I judge that in general, we are moving from the platform accumulation period to the quality leap period, and we have produced a large number of original achievements. I think that in the near future, if this momentum is maintained, China will definitely produce a number of major achievements that can open up new disciplines, or be written into textbooks, or lead the forefront of the world's scientific and technological development.
Break through the blockage of the transformation of achievements and let science and technology find a place to use
Scientific and technological achievements have been developed, and they cannot lie in the laboratory and "sleep". General Secretary Xi Jinping attaches great importance to the transformation and application of scientific and technological achievements, and emphasizes the need to apply scientific and technological innovation achievements to specific industries and industrial chains in a timely manner. Breaking through the blockages in the transformation of scientific and technological achievements is a key point in the reform of the scientific and technological system and mechanism.
After years of hard work, Kwong Yunhe's R&D team has successfully broken through the key technology of seawater hydrogen production and filled the gap in the world, but how to implement this technology once made them difficult.
Kwong Yun's R&D team struggled to find the application scenarios of the verification technology, while on the other side, a company was worried about the lack of key technologies. In the end, a new type of research and development institution, the Tsinghua University Research Institute in Shenzhen, pulled the line for them. The R&D team, the enterprise and the research institute cooperated. More than two years later, the world's first and largest seawater hydrogen production unit was successfully put into operation.
In the mainland, there are many such new R&D institutions. In 2016, the "Outline of the National Innovation-Driven Development Strategy" proposed to "develop new market-oriented R&D institutions", and new R&D institutions were formally incorporated into the national innovation system. Compared with traditional R&D institutions that mainly focus on R&D, new R&D institutions better connect scientific research with market demand and become a bridge to promote the transformation of scientific and technological achievements.
Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the mainland has formed a number of chains and platforms to support the transformation of scientific and technological achievements. Through the revision of the "Law on Promoting the Transformation of Scientific and Technological Achievements" and other laws and regulations, the right to use, dispose of, and benefit from the transformation of scientific and technological achievements will be given to the subjects and personnel of scientific and technological innovation as much as possible. From 2012 to 2023, the turnover of national technology contracts increased from 600 billion yuan to 6.15 trillion yuan.
The key to scientific and technological innovation lies in people. General Secretary Xi Jinping has repeatedly emphasized the importance of gathering, loving and nurturing talents.
Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the mainland has launched a series of major reform measures for key links such as talent training, evaluation, incentives, and introduction, to loosen restrictions and reduce the burden on scientific researchers, support scientists to boldly explore, and stimulate the innovation vitality of talents.
Liu Dongmei, Secretary of the Party Committee and Researcher of the Chinese Academy of Science and Technology Development Strategy: In 2016, a value-oriented distribution policy was introduced. Since 2018, three rounds of burden reduction actions have been implemented, such as our "breaking the four onlys" and streamlining the report, so that researchers have more time for scientific research.
From 2012 to 2023, the mainland's R&D investment increased from 1.03 trillion yuan to 3.3 trillion yuan, and its ranking in the Global Innovation Index rose from 34th to 12th, successfully entering the ranks of innovative countries.
On the new journey, guided by innovation and driven by reform, we will accelerate the development of new quality productivity, and we will surely create a new realm of high-quality development, and we will also witness more such wonderful moments
2013: Mainland scientists observed the quantum anomalous Hall effect for the first time
2014: A direct conversion of methane was discovered in China
2015: The dark matter satellite "Wukong" went into the sky
2016: Mainland scientists lead the creation of a new map of the human brain
2017: "Micius" realized satellite-ground quantum communication
2018: The first somatic cell cloned monkey was born
2019: The 5G commercial license was officially issued
2020: The Beidou navigation system was fully completed
2021: Shenzhou was successfully launched twice, and the Chinese have been stationed in space for a long time
2022: The third aircraft carrier, Fujian, was launched
2023: "China's Sky Eye" discovers key evidence for the existence of nanohertz gravitational waves
2024: The first domestically produced large cruise ship will make its maiden commercial voyage
……
Editor in charge: Yu Tiantian